Anatomical terminology - Axial Skeleton

Question 1 of 78

1

The appendicular skeleton is

Select one of the following:

mainly a propulsive structure with some supportive role: the hind limbs support and the forelimbs propulse and steer.
mainly a supportive structure with some propulsive role: the hind limbs support and steer and forelimbs propulse.
mainly a supportive structure with some propulsive role: the hind limbs are propulsive and forelimbs support and steer.
mainly a propulsive structure with some supportive role: the hind limbs are propulsive and forelimbs support and steer.

Explanation

Question 2 of 78

1

What is a bone of the heterotopic skeleton

Select one of the following:

humerus
skull
os penis
sternum

Explanation

Question 3 of 78

1

Which bones are part of the axial skeleton?

Select one or more of the following:

Skull
Scapula
Sternum
Sacrum

Explanation

Question 4 of 78

1

What is another name for vertebrae C2?

Select one of the following:

Atlas
Axis
Xiphoid
Cranial 2

Explanation

Question 5 of 78

1

The skeleton functions are to support, help with locomotion, protect the brain and the heart and lungs, and form red blood cells, it cannot store calcium and phosphorus.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 6 of 78

1

Palmar stands for:

Select one of the following:

caudal aspect of the forelimb below the carpus and the surface of the fore paw that contacts the ground
caudal aspect of the hindlimb below the tarsus and the surface of the hind paw that contacts the ground

Explanation

Question 7 of 78

1

What is an example of a fibrous joint?

Select one of the following:

skull sutures
mandibular symphysis
growth plate
hip joint

Explanation

Question 8 of 78

1

Cranial movement of the limb such as reaching out is called:

Select one of the following:

protraction
retraction

Explanation

Question 9 of 78

1

Moving limb away from the median plane or from the body trunk is called an:

Select one of the following:

abduction
adduction

Explanation

Question 10 of 78

1

Supination is defined as:

Select one of the following:

Lateral rotation of appendage so that palmar/plantar surface of paw faces medially
Lateral rotation of appendage so that palmar/plantar surface of paw faces the substrate

Explanation

Question 11 of 78

1

The most proximal, dorsal, cranial or central attachment of a muscle is called its:

Select one of the following:

origin
insertion

Explanation

Question 12 of 78

1

A brachiocephalic dog has an elongated, narrow skull

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 13 of 78

1

This is a dorsal view of the skull. What is the name of the bone colored in GREEN.

Select one of the following:

incisive
nasal
maxilla
frontal

Explanation

Question 14 of 78

1

This is a dorsal view of the skull. What is the name of the bone colored in LIGHT PINK

Select one of the following:

temporal
parietal
zygomatic
frontal

Explanation

Question 15 of 78

1

This is a ventral view of the skull. what is the name of the bone colored in LIGHT ORANGE?

Select one of the following:

vomer
pterygoid
palatine
basisphenoid
presphenoid

Explanation

Question 16 of 78

1

The skull articulates with the temporo-mandibular joint at the __________ of the ramus.

Select one of the following:

coronoid process
condylar process
angular process
coracoid process

Explanation

Question 17 of 78

1

The vomer bone is rostral to the presphenoid bone

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 18 of 78

1

The sagittal crest runs caudal to rostral, from the occipital bone to the temporal bone

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 19 of 78

1

Choose the correct order rostral to caudal for these 3 landmarks of the skull

Select one of the following:

optic canal, orbital fissure, rostral alar foramen
orbital fissure, rostral alar foramen, optic canal
rostral alar foramen, optic canal, orbital fissure

Explanation

Question 20 of 78

1

The mandibular foramen is the:

Select one of the following:

caudal opening of the mandibular canal
rostral opening of the mandibular canal

Explanation

Question 21 of 78

1

What landmark is number 20 pointing at?

Select one of the following:

hard palate
vomer
choanae
nasal aperture

Explanation

Question 22 of 78

1

What is #12 pointing at?

Select one of the following:

retroarticular foramen
external acoustic meatus
stylomastoid process
tympanic bulla

Explanation

Question 23 of 78

1

What type of joint is the TMJ ? What movements does it allow?

Select one of the following:

condylar cartilaginous joint, allows movement in one axial plane only.
coronoid synovial joint, allows rotational and lateral sliding with little movement in one axial plane.
condylar synovial joint, allows movement in one axial plane, little rotational and lateral sliding.
coronoid cartilaginous joint, allows movement in a hinge-like fashion

Explanation

Question 24 of 78

1

How many teeth does a dog have in total?

Select one of the following:

42
30
40
32
46

Explanation

Question 25 of 78

1

How many molars does a dog have on 1 upper hemi-mandibule?

Select one of the following:

2
3
4
1

Explanation

Question 26 of 78

1

What is the dental formula of the dog?

Select one of the following:

2* I 3/3 C 1/1 P 3/2 M 1/1
2* I 3/3 C 1/1 P 3/2 M 2/2
2* I 3/3 C 1/1 P 4/4 M 3/2
2* I 3/3 C 1/1 P 4/4 M 2/3

Explanation

Question 27 of 78

1

In normal dental occlusion, the upper incisors are 1____ the lower incisors, the lower canines sit between the 2_ and the 3, the premolars interdigitate in a 4_____, and the upper last premolar and molars rest 5_ to the lower molars.

Select one of the following:

1 behind, 2 upper canine, 3 last upper incisor, 4 pinking shear, 5 lateral
1 ahead of, 2 upper canine, 3 first premolar, 4 pinking shear, 5 lateral
1 in line with, 2 upper canine, 3 first premolar, 4 pinking shear, 5 medial
1 ahead, 2 upper canine, 3 last upper incisor, 4 pinking shear, 5 lateral

Explanation

Question 28 of 78

1

Select the odd one out

Select one of the following:

tympanic bulla
occipital condyle
choanae
paracondylar process
sagittal crest

Explanation

Question 29 of 78

1

Mimetic muscles are innervated with what nerve?

Select one of the following:

facial nerve
cranial nerve V
trigeminal nerve
mimetic nerve

Explanation

Question 30 of 78

1

Which muscle(s) of the face help(s) raise the lips?

Select one or more of the following:

orbicularis oris
levator nasolabialis
caninus
zygomaticus
platysma

Explanation

Question 31 of 78

1

Which muscle(s) open(s) the mouth?

Select one or more of the following:

digastricus
temporalis
masseter
pterygoid

Explanation

Question 32 of 78

1

The ____________ runs from the occipital area of the skull to the ventral part of the body of the mandible

Select one of the following:

zygomaticus
digastricus
temporalis
platysma

Explanation

Question 33 of 78

1

What is the bone labeled 3?

Select one of the following:

Thyrohyoid
Epihyoid
Stylohyoid
Tympanohyoid
Ceratohyoid

Explanation

Question 34 of 78

1

Which muscle is split during a tracheostomy?

Select one of the following:

sternohyoideus
mylohyoideus
brachiocephalicus
geniohyoideus

Explanation

Question 35 of 78

1

What is the function of the styloglossus muscle?

Select one of the following:

retract and depress the tongue
retract and elevate the tongue
protrude and retract apex

Explanation

Question 36 of 78

1

What is the function of the hyoglossus muscle?

Select one of the following:

retract and depress
retract and elevate
protrude tongue and retract apex

Explanation

Question 37 of 78

1

The styloglossus, hyoglossus and genioglossus are examples of _________ muscles

Select one of the following:

intrinsic
extrinsic

Explanation

Question 38 of 78

1

Which gland duct opens at the level of the upper fourth premolar tooth

Select one of the following:

parotid
zygomatic
sublingual
mandibular

Explanation

Question 39 of 78

1

The parotid gland is lateral to the mandibular gland on a ventral view.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 40 of 78

1

The mandibular lymph nodes are caudal to the retropharyngeal lymph nodes

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 41 of 78

1

The trachea is dorsal to the oesophagus

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 42 of 78

1

The epiglottis flips caudally to allow food to pass to the oesophagus

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 43 of 78

1

In brachiocephalic breeds the __________________ can cause airway obstruction

Select one of the following:

elongation of the soft palate
shortening of the hard palate
smaller oropharynx
overprotruding epiglottis

Explanation

Question 44 of 78

1

The whole swallowing process works due to a coordinated series of events which begins involuntarily but, upon food contact with the highly sensitive pharyngeal mucosa, continues voluntarily.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 45 of 78

1

Contraction of the cricopharyngeus muscle allows the bolus of food to enter the oesophagus

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 46 of 78

1

Pharyngeal muscles are supplied by the:

Select one of the following:

vagus X and glossopharyngeal IX nerves
glossopharyngeal IX nerve only
hypoglossal and vagus X nerves
trigeminal and glossopharyngeal IX nerves

Explanation

Question 47 of 78

1

Which is NOT true concerning the gag reflex?

Select one of the following:

protective spasm mediated by the vagus X and the hypoglossal IX nerve
activated by oropharyngeal wall irritation during swallowing
neuromuscular disease, anesthesia or altered consciousness can affect this reflex
absence of the reflex can suggest nerve damage

Explanation

Question 48 of 78

1

The pharyngeal muscles comprise

Select one or more of the following:

Constrictors
Extenders
Dilators
Elongators
Shorteners

Explanation

Question 49 of 78

1

List the cartilage of the larynx from cranial to caudal

Select one of the following:

Epiglottis, Cricoid, Thyroid, Arytenoid
Epiglottis, Cricoid, Arytenoid, Thyroid
Thyroid, Epiglottis, Arytenoid, Cricoid
Epiglottis, Thyroid, Arytenoid, Cricoid

Explanation

Question 50 of 78

1

Select muscles of the larynx

Select one or more of the following:

cricothyroid
thyrocricoid
arytenothyroideus dorsalis
cricoarytenoideus dorsalis
thyroarytenoideus

Explanation

Question 51 of 78

1

The cricothyroid muscle is the only one innervated by the cranial laryngeal nerve

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 52 of 78

1

The cricoarytenoideus dorsalis the glottis while the cricoarytenoideus lateralis __ it.

Select one of the following:

closes, opens
opens, closes
tenses, relaxes
relaxes, tenses

Explanation

Question 53 of 78

1

The cricothyroid _the vocal fold while the thyroarytenoideus __it.

Select one of the following:

tenses, relaxes
opens, closes
closes, opens
relaxes, tenses

Explanation

Question 54 of 78

1

Epaxial muscles lie dorsally while hypaxial muscles lie ventrally to the transverse process of the vertebral column.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 55 of 78

1

Epaxial muscles

Select one of the following:

support the spinal column
flex the neck or tail

Explanation

Question 56 of 78

1

Which epaxial muscle supporting the spinal column is the most medial

Select one of the following:

iliocostalis
longissimus
transversospinalis
sclaneus

Explanation

Question 57 of 78

1

Which muscle of the hypaxial group can be found in the neck area?

Select one of the following:

psoas
sclaneus
rectus capitis ventralis
longissimus

Explanation

Question 58 of 78

1

In figure 3.6 (a) [on the left] What is the name of the structure colored in dark blue?

Select one of the following:

brachiocephalicus
sternocephalicus
trapezius
splenius

Explanation

Question 59 of 78

1

Where does the brachiocephalicus muscle originate?

Select one of the following:

clavicle
cervical vertebrae
mastoid process of the skull
humerus

Explanation

Question 60 of 78

1

What is the average total number of bones in an adult male dog?

Select one of the following:

213
321
431
342

Explanation

Question 61 of 78

1

How many pair of ribs does a dog have and how many pairs are considered "true ribs"?

Select one of the following:

The dog has 13 pair of ribs, 9 are considered true.
The dog has 14 pair of ribs, 10 are considered true.
The dog has 13 pair of ribs, 8 are considered true.
The dog has 11 pair of ribs, 8 are considered true.

Explanation

Question 62 of 78

1

Another name for sternebrae 1 of the sternum is?

Select one of the following:

xiphoid
body
manubrium
atlas

Explanation

Question 63 of 78

1

Name the rib features from dorsal to ventral

Select one of the following:

head, neck, tubercle, body
body, tubercle, neck, head
tubercle, neck, head, body
head, body, tubercle, neck

Explanation

Question 64 of 78

1

What is the vertebral formula for the dog?

Select one of the following:

Cervical 7, Thoracic 11, Lumbar 7, Sacrum 3, Caudal 20-23
Cervical 7, Thoracic 13, Lumbar 7, Sacrum 3, Caudal 20-23
Cervical 7, Thoracic 12, Lumbar 7, Sacrum 3, Caudal 20-23
Cervical 7, Thoracic 13, Lumbar 7, Sacrum 3, Caudal 21-23

Explanation

Question 65 of 78

1

List some of the characteristics of the Atlas

Select one or more of the following:

large flat wings or transverse processes
lateral and transverse foramens
tall spinous process
fovea dentis and caudal articular fovea
odontoid processes

Explanation

Question 66 of 78

1

All vertebrae have a body, a vertebral arch and various processes: cranial and caudal articular processes, transverse, spinous, accessory or mammillary depending on the vertebrae concerned.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 67 of 78

1

Characteristics of the axis

Select one or more of the following:

tall spinous process dorsally
cranial projections called dens
transverse processes pointing cranially
transverse foramen
all the above

Explanation

Question 68 of 78

1

C7 has a noticeably large transverse process

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 69 of 78

1

C7 has a tall spinous process

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 70 of 78

1

The first 9 thoracic vertebrae are similar while the last 4 begin to resemble lumbar vertebrae.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 71 of 78

1

Characteristics of the thoracic vertebrae

Select one or more of the following:

tall spinous process
short vertebral body
mamillary process
short and sharp transverse process
all the above

Explanation

Question 72 of 78

1

T10 has a spinous process that is more or less perpendicular to the long axis of the bone, known as the anticlinal vertebra

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 73 of 78

1

Characteristics of lumbar vertebra

Select one or more of the following:

tall spinous process
large transverse process point cranially
short bodies
wide spinous process
none of the above

Explanation

Question 74 of 78

1

Select the vertebra that has a mamillary process

Select one or more of the following:

lumbar
thoracic
cervical
caudal
sacral

Explanation

Question 75 of 78

1

Characteristics of caudal vertebra

Select one or more of the following:

taper and get shorter caudally
cylindrical
20-23 of them
also known as coccygeal
all the above

Explanation

Question 76 of 78

1

The vertebral column is said to be flexed when it is arched dorsally

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 77 of 78

1

What is the structure colored in pink called?

Select one of the following:

annulus fibrosus
nucleus pulposus
nucleus fibrosus
spinal cord
annulus pulposus

Explanation

Question 78 of 78

1

Between adjacent vertebrae there are discs of fibrocartilage. The center of the disc contains fibrous nucleus pulposus, surrounded by a lamellar structure of cartilaginous tissue, the annulus fibrosus. Theses discs have a shock-absorbing function.

Select one of the following:

True
False

	Created by celine_barbiersg about 9 years ago

Anatomical terminology, skull and mandible, soft tissue of the head, pharynx/larynx and neck, axial skeleton

Anatomical terminology - Axial Skeleton

Question 1 of 78

The appendicular skeleton is

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 2 of 78

What is a bone of the heterotopic skeleton

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 3 of 78

Which bones are part of the axial skeleton?

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 4 of 78

What is another name for vertebrae C2?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 5 of 78

The skeleton functions are to support, help with locomotion, protect the brain and the heart and lungs, and form red blood cells, it cannot store calcium and phosphorus.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 6 of 78

Palmar stands for:

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 7 of 78

What is an example of a fibrous joint?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 8 of 78

Cranial movement of the limb such as reaching out is called:

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 9 of 78

Moving limb away from the median plane or from the body trunk is called an:

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 10 of 78

Supination is defined as:

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 11 of 78

The most proximal, dorsal, cranial or central attachment of a muscle is called its:

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 12 of 78

A brachiocephalic dog has an elongated, narrow skull

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 13 of 78

This is a dorsal view of the skull. What is the name of the bone colored in GREEN.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 14 of 78

This is a dorsal view of the skull. What is the name of the bone colored in LIGHT PINK

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 15 of 78

This is a ventral view of the skull. what is the name of the bone colored in LIGHT ORANGE?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 16 of 78

The skull articulates with the temporo-mandibular joint at the __________ of the ramus.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 17 of 78

The vomer bone is rostral to the presphenoid bone

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 18 of 78

The sagittal crest runs caudal to rostral, from the occipital bone to the temporal bone

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 19 of 78

Choose the correct order rostral to caudal for these 3 landmarks of the skull

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 20 of 78

The mandibular foramen is the:

In normal dental occlusion, the upper incisors are 1____ the lower incisors, the lower canines sit between the 2_ and the 3, the premolars interdigitate in a 4_____, and the upper last premolar and molars rest 5_ to the lower molars.