Chapter 1 cell bio

Question 1 of 42

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1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?

Select one of the following:

a. Cells can produce proteins.
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes.
c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
d. Cells can synthesize fats.

Explanation

Question 2 of 42

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2. Where is most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, contained?

Select one of the following:

a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome

Explanation

Question 3 of 42

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3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?

Select one of the following:

a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome

Explanation

Question 4 of 42

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4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell injury?

Select one of the following:

a. Ribosome
b. Golgi complex
c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
d. Lysosomes

Explanation

Question 5 of 42

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5. Which cAMP-mediated response is related to antidiuretic hormone?

Select one of the following:

a. Increased heart rate and force of contraction
b. Secretion of cortisol
c. Increased retention of water
d. Breakdown of fat

Explanation

Question 6 of 42

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6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?

Select one of the following:

a. G1
b. S
c. G2
d. M

Explanation

Question 7 of 42

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7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting as receptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps?

Select one of the following:

a. Lipids
b. Proteases
c. Proteins
d. Carbohydrates

Explanation

Question 8 of 42

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8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades may be useful in designing drug therapy for which human diseases?

Select one of the following:

a. Cardiac and vascular disorders
b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders
c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders
d. Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders

Explanation

Question 9 of 42

1

9. Which structure prevents water-soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma membrane?

Select one of the following:

a. Carbohydrate chains
b. Glycoprotein channels
c. Membrane channel proteins
d. Lipid bilayer

Explanation

Question 10 of 42

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10. A student asks for an explanation of the absolute refractory period of the action potential. What response by the professor is best?

Select one of the following:

a. A stronger than normal impulse will evoke another response.
b. No stimulus is able to evoke another response at this time.
c. Multiple stimuli can produce more rapid action potentials.
d. The hyperpolarized state means a weaker stimulus produces a response.

Explanation

Question 11 of 42

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11. Which form of cell communication is used to communicate within the cell itself and with other cells in direct physical contact?

Select one of the following:

a. Protein channel (gap junction)
b. Plasma membrane-bound signaling molecules
c. Hormone secretion such as neurotransmitters
d. Extracellular chemical messengers such as ligands

Explanation

Question 12 of 42

1

12. Which mode of chemical signaling uses blood to transport communication to cells some distance away?

Select one of the following:

a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurotransmitter
d. Hormonal

Explanation

Question 13 of 42

1

13. Which mode of chemical signaling uses local chemical mediators that are quickly taken up, destroyed, or immobilized?

Select one of the following:

a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurotransmitter
d. Hormone

Explanation

Question 14 of 42

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14. Neurotransmitters affect the postsynaptic membrane by binding to which structure?

Select one of the following:

a. Lipids
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathic lipids
d. Receptors

Explanation

Question 15 of 42

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15. How do cells receive communication from the extracellular fluid surrounding them?

Select one of the following:

a. Protein channel (gap junction)
b. Plasma membrane-bound signaling molecules (involving receptors)
c. Hormone secretion such as neurotransmitters
d. Chemical messengers such as ligands

Explanation

Question 16 of 42

1

16. Which molecule provides the second messenger necessary for extracellular communication to be activated?

Select one of the following:

a. Guanosine triphosphate (GTP)
b. Adenosine monophosphate (AMP)
c. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
d. Guanosine diphosphate (GDP)

Explanation

Question 17 of 42

1

17. Under anaerobic conditions, what process provides energy for the cell?

Select one of the following:

a. Oxidative phosphorylation
b. Glycolysis
c. Lactolysis
d. Passive transport

Explanation

Question 18 of 42

1

18. What is the mechanism by which the energy produced from carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids is transferred to adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?

Select one of the following:

a. Anaerobic glycolysis
b. Oxidative cellular metabolism
c. Oxidative phosphorylation
d. Tricarboxylic acid phosphorylation

Explanation

Question 19 of 42

1

19. Passive transport is best described with which statement?

Select one of the following:

a. Being driven by osmosis, hydrostatic pressure, and diffusion
b. Involving receptors that can bind with substances being transported
c. Being capable of transporting macromolecules
d. Requiring energy generated by the cell

Explanation

Question 20 of 42

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20. Which is the best example of active transport?

Select one of the following:

a. Movement across a membrane due to differences in solute concentration
b. Movement requiring the expenditure of metabolic energy
c. Movement of two molecules simultaneously in one direction
d. Movement of two molecules simultaneously in opposite directions

Explanation

Question 21 of 42

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21. Which method of transport uses transmembrane proteins with receptors with a high degree of specificity for the substance being transported?

Select one of the following:

a. Active
b. Mediated
c. Transmembranous
d. Passive

Explanation

Question 22 of 42

1

22. The movement of fluid across the arterial end of capillary membranes into the interstitial fluid surrounding the capillary is an example of which fluid movement process?

Select one of the following:

a. Hydrostatic pressure
b. Osmosis
c. Diffusion
d. Active transport

Explanation

Question 23 of 42

1

23. A student asks why osmolality is preferred over osmolarity as the measurement of osmotic activity in the clinical assessment of individuals. What response by the professor is most accurate?

Select one of the following:

a. Plasma contains sodium and chloride, which influence the volume of solution.
b. Volume affects perfusion more than the weight of solutes.
c. More of the weight of plasma is influenced by solutes rather than by water.
d. Osmotic activity depends on the concentration of solutes present in plasma.

Explanation

Question 24 of 42

1

24. A patient who has diarrhea receives a 3% saline solution intravenously to replace the sodium and chloride lost in the stool. What effect will this fluid replacement have on cells?

Select one of the following:

a. Become hydrated
b. Swell or burst
c. Shrink
d. Divide

Explanation

Question 25 of 42

1

25. The transport of glucose from the blood to the cell is accomplished by which process?

Select one of the following:

a. Hydrostatic pressure
b. Active diffusion
c. Passive osmosis
d. Mediated transport

Explanation

Question 26 of 42

1

26. What transports potassium and sodium across plasma membranes?

Select one of the following:

a. Passive electrolyte channels
b. Coupled channels
c. Adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) enzyme
d. Diffusion

Explanation

Question 27 of 42

1

27. What occurs during exocytosis?

Select one of the following:

a. Macromolecules can be secreted across eukaryotic cell membranes.
b. All substances are secreted into the cellular matrix.
c. No repairs in the plasma membrane can take place.
d. Solute molecules flow freely into and out of the cell.

Explanation

Question 28 of 42

1

28. The cellular uptake of the nutrient cholesterol depends on which process?

Select one of the following:

a. Receptor-mediated exocytosis
b. Antiport system
c. Receptor-mediated endocytosis
d. Passive transport

Explanation

Question 29 of 42

1

29. What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential to initiate an action potential?

Select one of the following:

a. Potassium gates open, and potassium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane
potential from negative to positive
b. Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane
potential from negative to positive.
c. Sodium gates close, allowing potassium into the cell to change the membrane
potential from positive to negative.
d. Potassium gates close, allowing sodium into the cell to change the membrane
potential from positive to negative.

Explanation

Question 30 of 42

1

30. The action of platelet-derived growth factor is to stimulate the production of which cells?

Select one of the following:

a. Platelets
b. Epidermal cells
c. Connective tissue cells
d. Fibroblast cells

Explanation

Question 31 of 42

1

31. What role do cytokines play in cell reproduction?

Select one of the following:

a. Provide growth factor for tissue growth and development
b. Block progress of cell reproduction through the cell cycle
c. Restrain cell growth and development
d. Provide nutrients for cell growth and development

Explanation

Question 32 of 42

1

32. What is the process of cellular reproduction?

Select one of the following:

a. The process often takes months or years to complete.
b. Cellular reproduction typically has a short interphase.
c. Two diploid cells, called daughter cells, have been formed.
d. The process involves the interaction of male and female cells.

Explanation

Question 33 of 42

1

33. Which statement is true about eukaryotic cells?

Select one of the following:

a. They lack distinct nucleus.
b. They contain compartments called organelles.
c. They lack an encasing nuclear membrane.
d. They are smaller than the typical prokaryote cell.

Explanation

Question 34 of 42

1

34. Which statement is true about phagocytosis?

Select one of the following:

a. Phagocytosis is an example of exocytosis.
b. Phagocytosis is dependent on small vesicles.
c. Phagocytosis involves the ingestion of bacteria.
d. Phagocytosis focuses on solute molecules.

Explanation

Question 35 of 42

1

35. A muscle cell possesses which specialized function?

Select one of the following:

a. Movement
b. Conductivity
c. Secretion
d. Respiration

Explanation

Question 36 of 42

1

36. When a mucous gland cell creates a new substance from previously absorbed material, this process is known as which specialized cellular function?

Select one of the following:

a. Excretion
b. Metabolic absorption
c. Reproduction
d. Secretion

Explanation

Question 37 of 42

1

37. All cells are capable of what process?

Select one of the following:

a. Excretion
b. Movement
c. Conductivity
d. Continuous division

Explanation

Question 38 of 42

1

38. What is the best description of cell cycle arrest?

Select one of the following:

a. The cell cycle is stopped due to damaged DNA.
b. Programmed cell death is suppressed.
c. Macromolecule degradation is inhibited.
d. Production of growth factors is halted.

Explanation

Question 39 of 42

1

1. What are the major chemical components of the cell membranes? (Select all that apply.

Select one or more of the following:

a. Lipids
b. Sodium ions
c. Carbohydrates
d. DNA
e. Proteins

Explanation

Question 40 of 42

1

2. Which statements are true concerning the process of mediated transport? (Select all that apply.)

Select one or more of the following:

a. Can be active or passive
b. Only moves one molecule at a time
c. Involves transport proteins
d. Expends tremendous energy
e. Occurs only with hormones

Explanation

Question 41 of 42

1

3. What is passive transport dependent on? (Select all that apply.)

Select one or more of the following:

a. Semipermeable barrier membrane
b. The process of osmosis
c. Diffusion as a driving force
d. A living host
e. Hydrostatic pressure

Explanation

Question 42 of 42

1

4. What is the primary function of proteins? (Select all that apply.)

Select one or more of the following:

a. Proteins are binding units.
b. Proteins are transport channels.
c. Proteins are ribonucleoproteins.
d. Proteins provide cell surface markers.
e. Proteins are chemical reaction catalysts.

	Created by Esmeralda Espitia almost 3 years ago

patho 1 Quiz on Chapter 1 cell bio, created by Esmeralda Espitia on 30/01/2022.

Chapter 1 cell bio

Question 1 of 42

1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 2 of 42

2. Where is most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, contained?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 3 of 42

3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 4 of 42

4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell injury?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 5 of 42

5. Which cAMP-mediated response is related to antidiuretic hormone?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 6 of 42

6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 7 of 42

7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting as receptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 8 of 42

8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades may be useful in designing drug therapy for which human diseases?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 9 of 42

9. Which structure prevents water-soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma membrane?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 10 of 42

10. A student asks for an explanation of the absolute refractory period of the action potential. What response by the professor is best?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 11 of 42

11. Which form of cell communication is used to communicate within the cell itself and with other cells in direct physical contact?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 12 of 42

12. Which mode of chemical signaling uses blood to transport communication to cells some distance away?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 13 of 42

13. Which mode of chemical signaling uses local chemical mediators that are quickly taken up, destroyed, or immobilized?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 14 of 42

14. Neurotransmitters affect the postsynaptic membrane by binding to which structure?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 15 of 42

15. How do cells receive communication from the extracellular fluid surrounding them?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 16 of 42

16. Which molecule provides the second messenger necessary for extracellular communication to be activated?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 17 of 42

17. Under anaerobic conditions, what process provides energy for the cell?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 18 of 42

18. What is the mechanism by which the energy produced from carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids is transferred to adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 19 of 42

19. Passive transport is best described with which statement?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 20 of 42

20. Which is the best example of active transport?