Essential Life Sciences

1

Causes of hyperkalemia include:

1

In adults, the epiphyses contain:

1

Myoglobinuria can cause the following conditions:

1

Transformation is the process by which a normal cell becomes a cancer cell.

1

Glycolysis is an example of a __________.

1

Match the vertebral column region with the number of vertebrae within it:

Thoracic ( 12, 5, 4, 7 )
Sacrum ( 5, 12, 4, 7 )
Coccyx ( 12, 5, 4, 7 )
Cervical ( 7, 12, 5, 4 )
Lumbar ( 5, 12, 4, 7 )

1

The normal pH in the human body is:

1

What type of cartilage is our skeletal system primarily made of during fetal development?

1

What percentage of our total body weight is made up of water?

1

Match the directional term with its correct description:

Inferior - ( toward the lower part of a structure, divides into superior and inferior parts, toward or at the midline of the body, toward the upper part of a structure, divides the body into right and left par )
Transverse Section - ( divides into superior and inferior parts, toward the lower part of a structure, toward or at the midline of the body, toward the upper part of a structure, divides the body into right and left par )
Medial - ( toward or at the midline of the body, toward the lower part of a structure, divides into superior and inferior parts, toward the upper part of a structure, divides the body into right and left )
Superior - ( toward the upper part of a structure, divides the body into right and left, toward or at the midline of the body, divides into superior and inferior parts, toward the lower part of a structure )
Sagittal Section - ( divides the body into right and left par, toward the lower part of a structure, divides into superior and inferior parts, toward or at the midline of the body, toward the upper part of a structure )ts

1

A perforating canal in bone allows for the passage of blood vessels and nerves.

1

Anaplasia is defined as:

1

The perimysium is connective tissue that wraps around a bundle of muscle fibers.

1

Which tissue type is avascular?

1

All cells have the following regions:

1

The epiphyseal line is composed of hyaline cartilage in young, growing bone.

1

Which tissue does not form scar tissue during tissue regeneration?

1

Skeletal muscle has which of the following characteristics?

1

The elbow is __________ to the shoulder.

1

In a synthesis reaction, __________ for bond formation.

1

How many ATP are created during aerobic respiration?

1

If the hydrogen ion concentration in the body rises too much, the respiratory system will compensate by:

1

You respond to an unresponsive patient with weak peripheral pulses. The patient has a history of drug abuse and is cyanotic with pinpoint pupils. The patient is breathing at 4-6/min. What type of acid-base imbalance might this patient likely have?

1

If homeostasis is disrupted within the body, what can happen?

1

What is the name of the specialized plasma membrane that encloses a muscle cell?

1

When the number of hydrogen ions in the body increases, pH __________.

1

A patient who has sustained a crush injury may present with signs and symptoms consistent with hypokalemia.

1

When ATP is broken down, __________ is released.

1

Severe hyperkalemia can cause life-threatening cardiac dysrhythmias.

1

The low specific heat capacity of water helps to maintain a consistent body temperature.

1

Match the description of nerve impulse transmission to the muscle cell in the order that it occurs.

Sodium enters the muscle cell while potassium leaves. ( 4, 1, 2, 3 )
Acetylcholine is released into the synaptic cleft. ( 1, 2, 3, 4 )
Action potential reaches the axon terminal of the motor neuron. ( 1, 2, 3, 4 )
Calcium channels open and calcium enters the axon terminal. ( 1, 2, 3, 4 )

1

Vesicular transport is a type of active transport.

1

The Carbonic Acid - Sodium Bicarbonate buffer system is the primary buffering system in the body.

1

Match the description with the order in which it occurs during fracture repair.

Hematoma forms - ( 1, 2, 3, 4 )
Fibrocartilage callus forms - ( 2, 1, 3, 4 )
Bony callus forms - ( 3, 4, 1, 2 )
Bone remodelling occurs - ( 4, 1, 2, 3 )

1

What treatment options can be explored for patients with OA?

1

Aldosterone is secreted from which gland?

1

Site of most cellular activities

1

modifies and packages proteins

1

Provides ATP for cellular energy

1

Site of ribosome assembly

1

Site of protein synthesis

1

Functions in lipid metabolism

1

For how long will creatine phosphate sustain muscular contraction?

1

In the presence of dehydration, __________ promotes water retention.

1

Actin myofilaments are thin filaments.

1

ADP can be used as an alternative energy source whenever ATP is not readily available.

1

Osteomyelitis is difficult to treat because of a lack of understanding about this condition within the medical community.

1

The thorax has 9 pairs of true ribs.

1

Functions of bones include:

1

Rheumatoid Arthritis is classified as an inflammatory joint disease.

1

Water excess can be caused by:

1

Proteins:

1

RA is more common in women than it is men.

1

Match the cardiac structures with their description:

1

When blood leaves the right side of the heart, it travels to the lungs where it becomes oxygenated.

1

The thickest layer of the heart is the ____________.

1

Veins differ from arteries in that they:

1

Oxygen can easily diffuse into capillaries from the alveoli because:

1

Atherosclerosis begins with injury to the inner walls of arteries. Causes of this injury may include:

1

If a fibrous plaque ruptures in an area of atherosclerosis within a coronary artery, what will happen next?

1

Which type of angina is typically relieved by rest?

1

Prinzmetal angina is caused by:

1

Unstable angina can be a precursor to:

1

An EMT is able to provide the following treatments to a patient experiencing a myocardial infarction:

1

A patient with a pericardial effusion that has progressed to pericardial tamponade will present with:

1

Pericardial tamponade can only result from bleeding within the pericardium.

1

Right heart failure is more common than left heart failure.

1

The most common cause of left heart failure is:

1

S/S of left heart failure include:

1

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation is characterized by:

1

Which of the following patients would be most prone to developing DIC?

1

Oxygen is attached to ____________ while it is transported in the blood.

1

Carbon dioxide is transported as part of ____________ in the blood.

1

If the medulla oblongata detects an increase of carbon dioxide, respirations will increase in rate and depth.

1

Kussmaul respirations would be seen in a patient suffering from what medical emergency?

1

You respond to a 56 year old male patient complaining of substernal chest pain and shortness of breath. He is diaphoretic and has weak radial pulses. He indicates he had an MI 5 years ago and the pain he is experiencing now is identical to that when he had his past MI. Upon auscultation of his chest you hear decreased air entry with crackles throughout all lung fields.

What is most likely causing this patient's shortness of breath and auscultated crackles?

1

You respond to a 56 year old male patient complaining of substernal chest pain and shortness of breath. He is diaphoretic and has weak radial pulses. He indicates he had an MI 5 years ago and the pain he is experiencing now is identical to that when he had his past MI. Upon auscultation of his chest you hear decreased air entry with crackles throughout all lung fields.

Should oxygen be provided to this patient?

1

Atelectasis can only be caused by the removal of air from obstructed or hypoventilated alveoli.

1

Your patient is complaining of chills, fever, and pain on inspiration. She indicates that she has had a sore throat and dry cough for over a week. What is a likely cause for the pain she has on inspiration?

1

Causes of pulmonary fibrosis may include:

1

With pulmonary fibrosis the lungs become difficult to ventilate, and the diffusing capacity of the alveolocapillary membrane may increase.

1

The most common predisposing factors contributing to the development of ARDS are sepsis and pregnancy.

1

What causes pulmonary edema in patients suffering from ARDS?

1

Dyspnea and ____________ are the catchall S/S of obstructive lung diseases.

1

The "3 S's of Asthma are:

1

As an EMT, what are medications that you can administer to a patient who is suffering from an acute exacerbation of their asthma?

1

One of the primary causes of COPD is exposure (active and passive) to cigarette smoke.

1

A patient complaining of fever, dyspnea, and a productive cough with green sputum most likely has what condition?

1

Your patient presents with chest pain, SOB, and hypotension. What is a differential diagnosis for what seems to be cardiac chest pain?

1

A pulmonary embolism is only caused by a thrombus or air bubble that has embolized to the lungs.

1

Projectile vomiting in the absence of nausea or retching may indicate:

1

Prolonged diarrhea may cause:

1

Visceral pain is localized and intense as organs are heavily innervated by sensory nerves.

1

A patient with a history of cholecystitis complains of pain to his back. This is an example of ____________ pain.

1

NSAIDs are drugs that contribute to gastritis through the inhibition of mucous secretion.

1

Which of the following drugs are classified as NSAIDs?

1

In extreme cases of peptic ulcer disease, perforation of the GI wall can occur.

1

After cholecystitis, appendicitis is the second most common surgical emergency in the abdomen.

1

Rebound tenderness in which abdominal quadrant may suggest appendicitis?

1

Liver cirrhosis is reversible with the adoption of healthy lifestyle changes.

1

The other name for kidney/renal stones is:

1

Acute renal failure is typically associated with a urine output of less than ______ml/hr.

1

Functions of the lymphatic system include:

1

Lymphatic vessels are similar to arteries in that skeletal muscle plays a large role in "milking" them to return fluid back to the heart.

1

Cells that are prevalent within the lymph nodes include:

1

Functions of the spleen include:

1

Match the line of defense with a component contained within it:
: lymphocytes and antibodies
: skim
: the inflammatory response

1

The inflammatory response is considered part of the innate defense system.

1

Redness, heat, swelling, and ____________ most often accompany the inflammatory response.

1

Although the inflammatory response can cause adverse S/S, it is a protective response in the body.

1

The primary and most prevalent chemical mediator responsible for consuming foreign material during the inflammatory response is:

1

What structure in the body is responsible for heat regulation?

1

Antibodies recognize ____________ prior to initiating an immune response.

1

Cellular immunity plays the primary role in targeting virus-infected cells.

1

Obtaining antibodies from a transfer from mother to fetus is an example of passive immunity.

1

Massive histamine release during an allergic reaction can cause:

1

The CNS is composed of:

1

The sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system would typically cause which of the following effects?

1

The cells responsible for forming myelin in the CNS are:

1

The cells responsible for forming myelin in the PNS are:

1

The primary extracellular ion responsible in the generation of an action potential is:

1

When a neuron is resting, it is more positive outside than inside.

1

During repolarization, the sodium-potassium pump uses ____________ to return the neuron to a resting state.

1

____________ is the ion responsible for triggering the relase of neurotransmitters from the axon terminal.

1

Match the parts of the brain stem with their function:

Medulla oblongata; reticular formation; midbrain

: Contains control centers that regulate heart rate and breathing
n: Contains reflex centers for vision and hearing
: Regulates awake/sleep cycles and consciousness

1

The meninges, in order from outermost layer (superficial) to innermost layer (deep) are:

1

The lacrimal apparatus is responsible for producing and emptying lacrimal fluid (tears) in the eyes.

1

The ____________ allows for light to pass into the eye.

1

Rods are photoreceptors that allow for detailed color vision.

1

The blind spot in the eye is formed by:

1

Match the endocrine glands with the hormone(s) they release:

– Thyroid hormone and calcitonin,
– Estrogen and progesterone,
– Melatonin,
– ADH and ocytocin,
– Insulin and glucagon,
– Aldosterone and cortisol
Posterior pituitary, adrenals, pancreas, ovaries, pineal gland, thyroid

1

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus is an autoimmune disease most prevalent in young women.

1

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus may present with the following S/S:

1

Seizure activity is precipitated by a sudden, explosive, and disorderly depolarization of cerebral neurons.

1

Satus Epilepticus can be defined as:

1

The pathophysiology of seizures focuses on an apparent decrease in neuronal cell permeability and hyposensitivity.

1

The maintenance of seizure activity demands a ________% increase in ATP.

1

Nuchal rigidity is a common finding in cases of meningitis.

1

Severe cases of encephalitis may cause:

1

Multiple Sclerosis is more common in men than woman.

1

Multiple sclerosis is a relatively common autoimmune disorder that diffusely involves the:

1

Cataracts can cause:

1

Shock results in tissue hypoperfusion and metabolic alkalosis secondary to inadequate oxygen delivery to the tissues.

1

Inadequate systemic oxygen delivery triggers the ____________ nervous system into action

1

Decreased oxygen delivery to the cells during shock leads to cellular swelling and eventual lysis and death.

1

Hypovolemic shock can be classified as either hemorrhagic or non-hemorrhagic.

1

A history of recent ____________ with the presence of shock S/S would lead the EMT to believe that the patient is in septic shock.

1

A patient complains of severe substernal chest pain. He is hypotensive, tachycardia, and diaphoretic. What type of shock is the patient most likely in?

1

The most important treatment that an EMT can provide to a patient suffering from anaphylactic shock (after maintaining the airway and providing oxygen) is:

1

Neurogenic shock results from an interruption of parasympathetic influence to the body tissues secondary to spinal cord injury. This causes hypotension, tachycardia, and pallor.

1

Causes of obstructive shock include:

1

Cardiac tamponade is characterized by hypotension, muffled heart sounds, and ____________.

EMT-A (alberta)

Essential Life Sciences

Causes of hyperkalemia include:

In adults, the epiphyses contain:

Myoglobinuria can cause the following conditions:

Transformation is the process by which a normal cell becomes a cancer cell.

Glycolysis is an example of a __________.

Match the vertebral column region with the number of vertebrae within it: Thoracic 12 5 4 7( 12, 5, 4, 7 ) Sacrum 5 12 4 7( 5, 12, 4, 7 ) Coccyx 12 5 4 7( 12, 5, 4, 7 ) Cervical 7 12 5 4( 7, 12, 5, 4 ) Lumbar 5 12 4 7( 5, 12, 4, 7 )

The normal pH in the human body is:

What type of cartilage is our skeletal system primarily made of during fetal development?

What percentage of our total body weight is made up of water?

A perforating canal in bone allows for the passage of blood vessels and nerves.

Anaplasia is defined as:

The perimysium is connective tissue that wraps around a bundle of muscle fibers.

Which tissue type is avascular?

All cells have the following regions:

The epiphyseal line is composed of hyaline cartilage in young, growing bone.

Which tissue does not form scar tissue during tissue regeneration?

Skeletal muscle has which of the following characteristics?

The elbow is __________ to the shoulder.

In a synthesis reaction, __________ for bond formation.

Match the vertebral column region with the number of vertebrae within it:

Thoracic ( 12, 5, 4, 7 )
Sacrum ( 5, 12, 4, 7 )
Coccyx ( 12, 5, 4, 7 )
Cervical ( 7, 12, 5, 4 )
Lumbar ( 5, 12, 4, 7 )

Match the description with the order in which it occurs during fracture repair.

Hematoma forms - ( 1, 2, 3, 4 )
Fibrocartilage callus forms - ( 2, 1, 3, 4 )
Bony callus forms - ( 3, 4, 1, 2 )
Bone remodelling occurs - ( 4, 1, 2, 3 )