Grace Hernandez-Jackson
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Theories of Cognitive Development

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Grace Hernandez-Jackson
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Chapter 6: Infant Studies

Chapter 6: Infant Studies

Question 1 of 32

1

Assimilation, taking in info that is compatible with what one already knows, is acoordining to which theorist?

Select one of the following:

  • Chandler Bing

  • Jean Piaget

  • Erik Erikson

  • Sigmund Freud

Explanation

Question 2 of 32

1

What is accommodation (according to Piaget)?

Select one of the following:

  • The process by which children recognize their schemes and, in the process, move to the next developmental stage

  • Changing existing knowledge based on new knowledge

  • Taking in info that is compatible with what one already knows

Explanation

Question 3 of 32

1

What is equilibration (according to Piaget)?

Select one of the following:

  • Taking info that is compatible with what one already knows

  • Changing existing knowledge based on new knowledge

  • The process by which children reorganize their schemes and, in the process, move to the next developmental stage

Explanation

Question 4 of 32

1

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Sensorimotor, the ( first, second, third, fourth ) of Piaget's four stages of development, lasts from birth to about 2 years, in which infants progress from responding reflexively to using symbols.

Explanation

Question 5 of 32

1

Preoperational is defined as what?

Select one of the following:

  • Young children are able to think about things symbolically

  • Distinguishing and mastering individual motions

  • The theory that Rachel and Ross were on a break

Explanation

Question 6 of 32

1

What is concrete operational?

Select one of the following:

  • The opposite of preoperational

  • The tendency to focus on one salient aspects of a situation and neglect other, possibly relevant aspects

  • Something characterized by the emergence of logical operations such as conservation, reversibility or classification, allowing logical reasoning

  • Operational that is concrete

Explanation

Question 7 of 32

1

The formal operational stage is characterized by what?

Select one of the following:

  • The emergence of logical thinking processes, particularly the ability to understand theories and abstract ideas and predict possible outcomes of hypothetical problems

  • Not using your frontal lobe to make decisions properly

  • Difficulty in seeing the world from another's POV

Explanation

Question 8 of 32

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

is the difficulty in seeing the world from another's perspective, typical of children in piaget's preoperational stage

Explanation

Question 9 of 32

1

What is the phenomenon in which preschool children attribute life and lifelike properties to inanimate objects?

Select one of the following:

  • Egocentrism

  • Animism

  • Marcel, Ross' monkey

  • Centration

Explanation

Question 10 of 32

1

What is centration?

Select one of the following:

  • Distinguishing and mastering individual motions

  • Young children are able to think about things symbolically

  • Difficulty in seeing the world from another's point of view; typical of children in Piaget's preoperational stage

  • The tendency to focus on one salient aspect of a situation and neglect other, possibly relevant aspects

Explanation

Question 11 of 32

1

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Object is the understanding, acquired in infancy, that objects exist independently of oneself.

Explanation

Question 12 of 32

1

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Constructivism is the view associated with ( Piaget, Erikson, Freud, Watson ) that children are active participants in their own development who systematically construct ever-more-sophisticated understanding of their worlds.

Explanation

Question 13 of 32

1

The sociocultural perspective is the view that children's cognitive development can only be understood by considering the cultural contexts in which they develop. Which theorist is associated with this?

Select one of the following:

  • Ross Geller

  • B.F Skinner

  • Lev Vygotsky

  • Ivan Pavlov

Explanation

Question 14 of 32

1

According to Vygotsky, mutual, shared understanding among people who are participating in an activity together is called what?

Select one of the following:

  • Intersubjectivity

  • Guided participation

  • Sociocultural perspective

Explanation

Question 15 of 32

1

Structured interactions between a child and another more knowledgeable person are thought to promote cognitive growth. This is called guided participation and is thought to be by Piaget.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 16 of 32

1

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The ( zone, theory ) of proximal development is the difference between what children can do with assistance and what they can do alone. Like putting a bed sheet on the bed (not really).

Explanation

Question 17 of 32

1

Brain break: How many times did Ross Geller get married?

Select one of the following:

  • 2

  • 3

  • 4

Explanation

Question 18 of 32

1

What is scaffolding?

Select one of the following:

  • A view that human cognition consists of mental hardware and mental software

  • Subvocalized speech directed and adapted to oneself

  • The process that enables a child or novice to solve a problem, carry out a task, or achieve a goal that would be beyond his unassisted efforts.

Explanation

Question 19 of 32

1

Private speech is speech spoken to oneself for what? Of these options, how many apply?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Communication

  • Self-guidance

  • Self-regulation

  • "Little Harmonica"

Explanation

Question 20 of 32

1

What is inner speech?

Select one of the following:

  • Subvocalized speech directed and adapted to oneself

  • Speech spoken to oneself for communication, self-guidance, and self-regulation of behavior

Explanation

Question 21 of 32

1

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Information-processing ( theory, disorder, perspective, process ) is the view that human connection consists of mental hardware and mental software

Explanation

Question 22 of 32

1

What is the component of the information-processing system analogous to a computer's operating system that coordinates the activities of the system called?

Select one of the following:

  • Inhibitory processes

  • Scaffolding

  • Central executive

Explanation

Question 23 of 32

1

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Inhibitory ( processes, theory, perspective, system ) are cognitive processes that relate to the control of thought, conduct, and emotions during goal-directed behavior.

Explanation

Question 24 of 32

1

What is executive functioning?

Select one of the following:

  • Cognitive activities that require virtually no effort

  • The difference between what children can do with assistance and what they can do alone

  • A mechanism of growth that includes inhibitory processes, planning, and cognitive flexibility

  • A view that human cognition consists of mental hardware and mental software

Explanation

Question 25 of 32

1

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Core-knowledge ( theories, hypothesis, processes ) are the view that infants are born with a rudimentary knowledge of the world that is elaborated based on children's experiences.

Explanation

Question 26 of 32

1

What are automatic processes?

Select one of the following:

  • When Phoebe got pregnant for her brother,

  • Cognitive processes are cognitive activities that require virtually no effort

  • The size of ongoing cognitive activity

  • Limitless, permanent storehouse of knowledge of the world

Explanation

Question 27 of 32

1

What is it called when there is the belief that living things and parts of living things exist for a purpose that is applied to children's naive theories of living things?

Select one of the following:

  • Automatic processes

  • A theory of mind

  • Theological explanations

Explanation

Question 28 of 32

1

What is essentialism?

Select one of the following:

  • When children believe that all living things have an essence that can't be seen but gives a living thing its identity

  • When Ross and Phoebe kissed (was that a fever dream???)

  • The size of ongoing cognitive activity

Explanation

Question 29 of 32

1

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The theory of mind is a naive understanding of the relations between mind and behavior – between ages of ( 2 and 5, 7 and 9, 12 and 15 )

Explanation

Question 30 of 32

1

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( Sensory, Working, Long-term ) memory is where info is held, no longer than a few seconds, briefly in a raw, unanalyzed form

Explanation

Question 31 of 32

1

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( Working, Sensory, Long-term ) memory is the size of ongoing cognitive activity

Explanation

Question 32 of 32

1

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( Sensory, Long-term, Working ) memory is limitless. permanent storehouse of knowledge of the world.

Explanation

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