What are the three external factors that affect ethnic differences in achievement?

What are the two main aspects of cultural deprivation?

What do cultural deprivation theorists claim children from low income black families lack?

Bereiter and Engelmann

What do some cultural deprivation theorists argue about some children who do not speak English at home?

What may a lack of a male role model in many Afro-Caribbean families lead to?

New Right thinker -Murray argues that...

How does Moynihan expand Murray's theory ?

Pryce argues that

Why does Kahn argue the Asian family is an obstacle to achievement, especially towards girls?

Evans and Lupton argued that white working class pupils also underachieve because of ....

What did Lupton study?

What did the teachers report in the white working class schools?

Why does Evans argue that there is a strong pressure for white working class boys to reject school?

What are the two examples of compensatory education?

What was the aim of Operation Head Start?

What was the aim of Sure Start?

What are the three main criticisms of cultural deprivation?

Keddie - victim blaming

Ball - cultural exclusion

What does Gerwitz expand the idea of cultural exclusion ?

How does compensatory education cause cultural domination?

What is material deprivation?

Pakistanis and Bangladeshis are more likely to be ____ than whites

_____________ is higher for many minorties

Pay is ______ and overcrowding in the home more likely for ethnic minorities

Which document argues that social class accounts for at least half the difference in educational achievement between ethnic groups?

Which minority groups are most likely to be working class and therefore do worse in education?

How can racism be linked to material deprivation?

What are the three main internal factors that cause ethnic differences in achievement?

Why may labelling lead to under achievement?

Gillborn and Youdell

How did teachers view black pupils according to Gillborn and Youdell ?

What did Gillborn and Youdell conclude that conflict between white teachers and black pupils stemmed from?

How according to Gillborn and Youdell can racial stereotypes that teachers have (rather than from the pupils actual behaviour) can cause underachievement?

Wright and Connolly did studies on Asian pupils and found that ...

Pupils may react to labelling by forming a pupil subculture. Who identified 4 types of black boy subcultures - Conformist, innovators, retreatists and rebels

Give some characteristics of the conformists

Give some characteristics of the innovators

What name is given to a tiny minority of isolated individuals that disconnected themselves from the school and from black subcultures outside school?

Give some characteristics of the rebels

Which subculture did teachers tend to see all black boys as?

O'Donnell and Sharpe found a similar response in Asian pupils (explain)?

Who did they study of the black girls in year 11 who continued to work hard despite negative labelling and didn't look for teacher approval?

What did Mirza find about black girls strategies for dealing with teachers racism?

What is institutional racism?

How is this different from teacher racism?

What is meant by ethnocentric?

Which three sociologists have argued that the curriculum of British schools is ethnocentric?

What did Troyna and Williams say about the curriculum ?

What does David say about the curriculum?

What does Ball say about the curriculum?

Who may minority ethnic groups suffer as a result of an ethnocentric curriculum?

Who did the study on governing bodies?

What did Hatcher find?

Who found that governing bodies were disproportionally white?

What did Gerwitz find that Asian parents did?