kimberly mund
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kimberly mund
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Urinary System

Question 1 of 51

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

What is the physiologic prcesses occurring to filtrate when it is within the kidneys? (elimination / regulation of what?) 5 steps

Explanation

Question 2 of 51

1

What enzyme does the kidney's release to regulate blood pressure, which hormone does it stimulate?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Renin, angiotensin II

  • Angiotensin II, Renin

Explanation

Question 3 of 51

1

What ions do the kidneys regulate to control blood ion balance?

Select one of the following:

  • CA, P, K, H

  • CA, K , H, Phosphate

  • NA, N, C, O

  • NA, CA, K, Phosphate

Explanation

Question 4 of 51

1

What functions do the kidney's perform?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Formation of Calcitriol (increases absorption of Calcium in small intestine)

  • Production and release of leukocytes (protects the body from attacks0

  • Production and release of erythropoietin (Secretes EPO, stimulates RB marrow to increase RBC formation)

  • Potential to engage in gluconeogenesis (produce glucose during fasting/starvation, maintains glucose levels

Explanation

Question 5 of 51

1

In general, kidneys take care of our blood, remove unwanted blood materials, maintain blood plasma concentration of the ions, regulate blood pH, maintain blood glucose, maintain number of RBC's, helps blood pressure.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 6 of 51

1

Gluconeogenesis produces glucose in times of fasting/starvation from noncarbohydrate sources

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 7 of 51

1

The urinary system is composed of what?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Kidneys

  • Ureters

  • Urinary Bladder

  • Urethra

  • Heart

Explanation

Question 8 of 51

1

One of the primary functions of the kidney's is to filter blood and convert it into urine

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 9 of 51

1

The liquid waste from the kidneys is transported by what to what?

Select one of the following:

  • Urinary bladder, Urethra

  • Ureters, Urethra

  • Urethra, Urinary Bladder

  • Ureters, Urinary bladder

Explanation

Question 10 of 51

1

What structure of the urinary system forms urine?

Select one of the following:

  • Urinary Bladder

  • Kidneys

  • Urethra

Explanation

Question 11 of 51

1

The urinary bladder is the expandable muscular sac which stores 1L of urine until it is eliminated from the body through the urethra

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 12 of 51

1

What are the two means by which the kidney helps to regulate blood pressure?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Fluid regulation

  • Releasing angiotensin II, stimulates renin

  • Releasing Renin, stimulates angiotensin II

Explanation

Question 13 of 51

1

The hilum apart of the kidney functions as what?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Vessels, nerves, and ureter connect to kidney

  • Concave medial border

  • vessels, nerves, lymph nodes connect to kidney

Explanation

Question 14 of 51

1

Kidneys are located along _______ abdominal wall and ____ to the vertebral column?

Select one of the following:

  • Anterior, Medial

  • Anterior, Superior

  • Posterior, Lateral

  • Posterior, Medial

Explanation

Question 15 of 51

1

The kidneys are positioned posterior to the parietal peritoneum in the retroperitoneal space.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 16 of 51

1

The kidneys are surrounded and supported by several tissue layers, which ones are they?

Select one or more of the following:

  • FIbrous capsule

  • Fibrous tract

  • Perinephric fat

  • Renal fascia

  • Renal capsid

  • Paranephric fat

Explanation

Question 17 of 51

1

The fibrous capsule that surrounds the kidney directly is made of dense regular connective tissue.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 18 of 51

1

The perinephric fat, just behind the fibrous capsule contains adipose connective tissue.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 19 of 51

1

The renal fascia, external to the perinephric fat is composed of dense irregular adipose tissue.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 20 of 51

1

The paranephric fat, the outermost layer of the kidneys, is composed of adipose connective tissue.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 21 of 51

1

The right kidney is about 2 centimeters superior to the left kidney.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 22 of 51

1

Both kidneys are completely protected by the rib cage.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 23 of 51

1

The fibrous capsule of the kidney helps prevent infectious pathogens from penetrating it.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 24 of 51

1

The perinephric fat layer of the kidney helps anchor the kidney to surrounding structures.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 25 of 51

1

The perinephric fat provides cushion and support for the kidney.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 26 of 51

1

The paranephric fat also provides support and cushion for the kidney.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 27 of 51

1

What are the two distinct regions of the kidney?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Renal Papilla

  • Renal lobes

  • Renal Cortex

  • Renal Medulla

Explanation

Question 28 of 51

1

The renal columns extend from the medulla into the cortex to subdivide it.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 29 of 51

1

The medially directed apex (tip) of the renal pyramid called renal papilla

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 30 of 51

1

Which disease is the failure of a kidney to develop? (can have unilateral or bilateral)

Select one of the following:

  • Renal agenesis

  • Horseshoe kidney

  • Supernumerary kidneys

Explanation

Question 31 of 51

1

Which is asymptomatic, which one is fatal: unilateral renal agenesis or bilateral renal agenesis.

Select one of the following:

  • Unilateral - fatal, bilateral, asymptomatic

  • Unilateral - asymptomatic, bilateral - fatal

Explanation

Question 32 of 51

1

A Pelvic kidney may occur if the developing kidney fails to migrate from the pelvic cavity to the abdominal cavity (are asymptomatic and function normally)

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 33 of 51

1

What is the wide base of the renal pyramid lies at the external edge of the medulla, where it meets the cortex?

Select one of the following:

  • corticomedullary junction

  • corticomedullary border

  • both (same name)

Explanation

Question 34 of 51

1

The parenchyma of a human kidney can be dived into how many renal lobes?

Select one of the following:

  • 8 to 15

  • 6-12

  • 8-12

Explanation

Question 35 of 51

1

A renal lobe consists of a renal pyramid, portions of renal column, portions of renal columns adjacent to either side of the renal pyramid, and the renal cortex external to the pyramid base.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 36 of 51

1

Each kidney contains a medially located space that serves as a urine drainage area called what?

Select one of the following:

  • renal calyces

  • renal sinus

  • minor sinus

  • minor calyx

Explanation

Question 37 of 51

1

The main function of the ________ is to filter blood and remove unwanted substances out of the body.

Select one of the following:

  • renal medulla

  • renal cortex

Explanation

Question 38 of 51

1

Housed within the space around the renal ______ are the renal artery, renal vein, lymph vessels, nerves, and a variable amount of fat.

Select one of the following:

  • sinus

  • pelvis

  • cortex

  • medulla

Explanation

Question 39 of 51

1

This kidney structure enwraps the apex of the renal pyramids. Following production in the kidney, urine enters into a minor calyx following a passage through a renal papilla located at the apex. It then enters into the Major calyx and is passed into the ureter through the renal pelvis.

Select one of the following:

  • True

  • False

Explanation

Question 40 of 51

1

What is it called when extra kidneys that develop, but are rare and have no clinical significance.

Select one of the following:

  • Horseshoe kidneys

  • Supernumerary kidneys

Explanation

Question 41 of 51

1

What develops when the inferior parts of the left and right kidneys fuse and they ascent from the pelvic cavity into the abdominal cavity?

Select one of the following:

  • Supernumerary kidneys

  • Horseshoe kidney

Explanation

Question 42 of 51

1

The "dropping" or inferior movement of the kidney within the abdominal cavity.

Select one of the following:

  • hydronephrosis

  • hyponephrosis

  • renal ptosis

Explanation

Question 43 of 51

1

Urine backs up into the kidney which will result in a swelling of the kidney called hydronephrosis. If not treated, renal failure may occur.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 44 of 51

1

The loss of adipose connective tissue in very thin elderly people or individuals with anorexia may result in renal ptosis.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 45 of 51

1

What three anatomic structures of the kidney are innervated by the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

Select one of the following:

  • juxtaglomerular apparatus, afferent and efferent arterioles

  • renal sinus, juxtaglomerular apparatus, renal pelvis

  • juxtaglomerular apparatus, renal papilla, renal colums

  • afferent and efferent arterioles, renal sinus

Explanation

Question 46 of 51

1

The general effect of sympathetic stimulation of the kidneys is to increase urine production.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 47 of 51

1

What is the microscopic functional filtration unit of the kidney?

Select one of the following:

  • Renin

  • nephron

Explanation

Question 48 of 51

1

Each nephron consists of two major structures: a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 49 of 51

1

All of the renal corpuscles and almost all of the renal tubules reside in the medulla.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 50 of 51

1

What is the enlarged, bulbous portion of a nephron housed within the renal cortex. Composed of two structures: glomerulus and the glomerular capsule.

Select one of the following:

  • Renal Tubule

  • Renal Corpuscle

Explanation

Question 51 of 51

1

The glomerulus is a thick tangle of capillary loops called the glomerular capillaries.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

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