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Exam 3

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Forage Exam 3

Question 1 of 102

1

Which is more digestible?

Select one of the following:

  • Cool season grasses

  • Warm season grasses

Explanation

Question 2 of 102

1

Which is more digestible?

Select one of the following:

  • Cool season annual grasses

  • Cool season perennial grasses

Explanation

Question 3 of 102

1

Which is more digestible?

Select one of the following:

  • Tifton 85

  • Bermuda-grass

Explanation

Question 4 of 102

1

Which is more digestible?

Select one of the following:

  • Brown rib millet

  • Pearl millet

Explanation

Question 5 of 102

1

Which is more digestible?

Select one of the following:

  • Legumes

  • Grasses

Explanation

Question 6 of 102

1

Which is more digestible?

Select one of the following:

  • Leaves

  • Stems

Explanation

Question 7 of 102

1

Which is more digestible?

Select one of the following:

  • Stems in the upper canopy of the plant

  • Stems in the lower canopy of the plant

Explanation

Question 8 of 102

1

Which is more digestible?

Select one of the following:

  • Young green leaves

  • Dead leaves

Explanation

Question 9 of 102

1

Which is more digestible?

Select one of the following:

  • Warm and cool season perennial species in spring

  • Warm and cool season perennial species in mid-summer

Explanation

Question 10 of 102

1

Which is more digestible?

Select one of the following:

  • Warm and cool season perennial species in mid-summer

  • Warm and cool season perennial species in fall

Explanation

Question 11 of 102

1

Which is more digestible?

Select one of the following:

  • Alfalfa in cool weather

  • Alfalfa in summer weather

Explanation

Question 12 of 102

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

The the temperature the the plant goes through .

Explanation

Question 13 of 102

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

is the general term used to describe the practice of establishing forage crops into perennial, grass dominant, hay and/or pasture. Usually accomplished with a no-till grain drill or broadcasting seed.

Explanation

Question 14 of 102

1

What are ways that sod-seeding is usually done?

Select one or more of the following:

  • No-till grain drill

  • Broadcasting seed

  • Tiller

Explanation

Question 15 of 102

1

The establishment of legumes such as clover or alfalfa into tall fescue is usually practiced where?

Select one of the following:

  • Upper south

  • Lower south

Explanation

Question 16 of 102

1

Cool season annual grasses (ryegrass, rye, oats, wheat) and/or leagues (clover) planted into dormant perennial warm season grass sods (bahiagrass, bermudagrass) if primarily done where?

Select one of the following:

  • Upper south

  • Lower south

Explanation

Question 17 of 102

1

What are some benefits of multiple species pastures/hayfields?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Higher forage yield per pasture/field

  • Improved forage quality

  • Nitrogen fiaxtion

  • Longer growing season in pasture/field

  • Lower forage yield per pasture/field

  • Average forage quality

  • Nitrogen leaching

  • Shorter growing season

Explanation

Question 18 of 102

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

typically have higher protein and are more digestible.

Explanation

Question 19 of 102

1

What are the benefits to sod-seeding?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Soil conservation

  • Time

  • Fuel

  • Moisture

Explanation

Question 20 of 102

1

What are the sod-seeding principles?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Fertility

  • Reduce existing vegetation

  • Use high quality seed

  • Inoculate legumes with correct bacterial strain

  • Plant at correct time with correct seeding rate

  • Insure soil contact

  • Control competition from existing vegetation

  • Control pests

Explanation

Question 21 of 102

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

and are ways to control competition from existing vegetation.

Explanation

Question 22 of 102

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

refers to the ability of a forage to support desired levels of animal performance.

Explanation

Question 23 of 102

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Forage quality is a function of and .

Explanation

Question 24 of 102

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Palatability refers to the and of feedstuffs to an animal.

Explanation

Question 25 of 102

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Crude protein represents the total content in the diet ( as well as ).

Explanation

Question 26 of 102

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

X 6.25 = CP

Explanation

Question 27 of 102

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

provides an indication of the total amount of energy from a feed that can be available fore use by the animal.

Explanation

Question 28 of 102

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Non starch carbohydrates are simple carbs such as and that can be and digested by the animal.

Explanation

Question 29 of 102

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

are major structural carbs present in plant cell walls.

Explanation

Question 30 of 102

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

Cellulose is by rumen microbes.

Explanation

Question 31 of 102

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Hemi-cellulose is more digestible than but less than starches and sugars.

Explanation

Question 32 of 102

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

is a major structural component found in plant cell walls and is .

Explanation

Question 33 of 102

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

As in the plant increases, digestion decreases.

Explanation

Question 34 of 102

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

Total digestible nutrients (TDN) is the measure of value in a feed.

Explanation

Question 35 of 102

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) is a close estimate of the amount of total in a feedstuff.

Explanation

Question 36 of 102

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

NDF is generally composed of , , and .

Explanation

Question 37 of 102

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

Acid detergent fiber (ADF) is the least portion of a forage.

Explanation

Question 38 of 102

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

ADF includes and .

Explanation

Question 39 of 102

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

TDN =

Explanation

Question 40 of 102

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

NDF =

Explanation

Question 41 of 102

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

ADF =

Explanation

Question 42 of 102

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

(NIRS) rapidly and reproductively measures the chemical composition of a feed sample.

Explanation

Question 43 of 102

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

is based on the fact that each of the major chemical components of a sample has a characteristic near infrared light absorption.

Explanation

Question 44 of 102

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

= near infrared reflectance spectroscopy

Explanation

Question 45 of 102

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

Relative feed value is used to compare the potential of two or more like forages on the basis of .

Explanation

Question 46 of 102

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

RFV =

Explanation

Question 47 of 102

1

RFV of 100 is equivalent to...

Select one or more of the following:

  • Full bloom alfalfa

  • Half bloom alfalfa

  • Full bloom crimson clover

  • Full bloom white clover

Explanation

Question 48 of 102

1

What is RFV based on?

Select one or more of the following:

  • NDF

  • ADF

  • NIRS

  • TDN

Explanation

Question 49 of 102

1

What is NDF an indicator of?

Select one of the following:

  • Forage intake

  • Digestibility

  • Feed value

Explanation

Question 50 of 102

1

What is ADF an indicator of?

Select one of the following:

  • Forage intake

  • Digestibility

  • Feed value

Explanation

Question 51 of 102

1

RFQ of 100 is equal to?

Select one of the following:

  • Full bloom alfalfa

  • Full bloom white clover

  • Full bloom millet

  • Full bloom red clover

Explanation

Question 52 of 102

1

RFQ takes into account what?

Select one or more of the following:

  • DMI

  • TDN

  • RVF

  • ADF

  • NDF

Explanation

Question 53 of 102

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

DMI =

Explanation

Question 54 of 102

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

RFQ =

Explanation

Question 55 of 102

1

If the RFQ is higher it is also what?

Select one or more of the following:

  • More nutritious

  • More valuable

  • Less valuable

  • Less nutritious

Explanation

Question 56 of 102

1

What factors affect forage quality?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Plant species

  • Plant parts

  • Climate

  • Stage of maturity

  • Fertilization

  • Diurnal Fluctuations

Explanation

Question 57 of 102

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

Certain species of plants posses certain compounds that interfere with .

Explanation

Question 58 of 102

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

Drought stress may digestibility.

Explanation

Question 59 of 102

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

Stage of maturity has greater effect on value than any other factor.

Explanation

Question 60 of 102

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

of cell wall occurs with maturity. the more mature the more lignin if found in the cell wall.

Explanation

Question 61 of 102

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

With maturity: increases but decreases

Explanation

Question 62 of 102

1

White clover is digestible for longer because of what?

Select one of the following:

  • Lack of true stems

  • Prominent true stems

Explanation

Question 63 of 102

1

Which is more digestible for longer?

Select one of the following:

  • Arrow-leaf clover

  • Crimson clover

Explanation

Question 64 of 102

1

Nitrogen generally has little effect on what?

Select one of the following:

  • Digestibility

  • Quality

  • RFV

  • ADF

Explanation

Question 65 of 102

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

is where soluble carbohydrates build up in the plant during . Plants use those soluble carbohydrates over night.

Explanation

Question 66 of 102

1

1/2 inch of rain decreases TDN by what?

Select one of the following:

  • 3.5%

  • 5.5%

  • 20.2%

  • 10.8%

Explanation

Question 67 of 102

1

1 inch of rain will decrease TDN by what?

Select one of the following:

  • 5%

  • 10%

  • 14%

  • 3.5%

Explanation

Question 68 of 102

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

If hay is left uncut each day after 4 weeks TDN will drop per day.

Explanation

Question 69 of 102

1

How should hay be orientated for all day sun exposure?

Select one of the following:

  • North to South

  • East to West

Explanation

Question 70 of 102

1

Soil compaction is a reduction in pore space therefore, it also...

Select one or more of the following:

  • Decreases soil volume

  • Decreases porosity

  • Increases bulk density

  • increases soil volume

  • Increases porosity

  • Decreases bulk density

Explanation

Question 71 of 102

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

compaction = compaction that occurs in the surface "plow layer"

Explanation

Question 72 of 102

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

/ compaction = compaction that occurs below the plow layer

Explanation

Question 73 of 102

1

What is the equation for bulk density?

Select one of the following:

  • Bulk density = Ms/Vt

  • Bulk density = Vt/Ms

  • Bulk density = Vv/Vt

  • Bulk density = Vt/Vv

Explanation

Question 74 of 102

1

What is the equation for porosity?

Select one of the following:

  • Porosity = Vv/Vt

  • Porosity = Vt/Vv

  • Porosity = Ms/Vt

  • Porosity = Vt/Ms

Explanation

Question 75 of 102

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

Reduction in pore space and reduction in yield are effects of .

Explanation

Question 76 of 102

1

Reduction in pore space is an effect of compaction. This effect can also result in water issues. Check all that apply to water issues.

Select one or more of the following:

  • Low infiltration

  • Poor drainage

  • Poor water holding capacity

  • Erosion

  • Runoff

Explanation

Question 77 of 102

1

Reduction in pore space is an effect of compaction. This effect can also result in plant development issues. Check all that apply to plant development issues.

Select one or more of the following:

  • Increased resistance to root penetration

  • Emergence issues

  • Reduction in nutiient uptake

  • Poor drainage

  • Runoff

  • Erosion

Explanation

Question 78 of 102

1

What are the 3 main causes of compaction?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Equipment traffic

  • Livestock traffic

  • Tillage operations

  • Human traffic

  • Naturally occurring compaction

  • Wind erosion

Explanation

Question 79 of 102

1

Total axle load, contact pressure between the tire and soil, and soil moisture affects what type of compaction?

Select one of the following:

  • Surface compaction

  • Subsoil compaction

Explanation

Question 80 of 102

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

Greater axle load and wet soil conditions depth of compaction

Explanation

Question 81 of 102

1

Check all that apply to livestock traffic.

Select one or more of the following:

  • Repeated pressure in heavy traffic areas

  • Stocking rates

  • Rotation

  • Shallow compaction

  • Deep compaction

Explanation

Question 82 of 102

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

Continuous plowing or disking at the same depth causes just below the depth of tillage.

Explanation

Question 83 of 102

1

To manage compaction with equipment traffic what should be done to decrease the depth of soil compaction?

Select one of the following:

  • Increase number of tires

  • Decrease number of tires

Explanation

Question 84 of 102

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

Proper rotation of livestock can prevent soil compaction as well as reduce in high traffic areas.

Explanation

Question 85 of 102

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

depth should vary from year-to-year to reduce chances of hardpan development.

Explanation

Question 86 of 102

1

What is used to measure soil compaction?

Select one of the following:

  • Pentrometer

  • Yard stick

  • Scale

  • Ruler

Explanation

Question 87 of 102

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

Penetrometers are supposed to mimic .

Explanation

Question 88 of 102

1

A dynamic penetrometer does what?

Select one of the following:

  • Moves

  • Stays stationary

Explanation

Question 89 of 102

1

A static penetrometer does what?

Select one of the following:

  • Stays stationary

  • Moves

Explanation

Question 90 of 102

1

What does a penetrometer use to measure soil compaction?

Select one of the following:

  • The resistance to root penetration

  • The depth you can physically go into the soil

  • The moisture content of the soil

  • The amount of sand, soil, or clay in the soil

Explanation

Question 91 of 102

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

The depth at which penetrations falls below psi is recorded by the penetrometer.

Explanation

Question 92 of 102

1

What is a "lot" of hay defined as?

Select one of the following:

  • A single cutting, a single field and variety, and generally less then 200 tons

  • A random pull from different fields less than 200 tons

  • A square bale of hay

  • A round bale of hay

Explanation

Question 93 of 102

1

How many cores should be pulled from each lot?

Select one of the following:

  • 20

  • 40

  • 10

  • 5

Explanation

Question 94 of 102

1

How much hay should be submitted for analysis?

Select one of the following:

  • 1/2 lb.

  • 1 lb.

  • 3 lbs.

  • 1.5 lbs.

Explanation

Question 95 of 102

1

What length of probe should be used to collect samples?

Select one of the following:

  • 12''- 24''

  • 24''- 36''

  • 10''- 20''

  • 25''- 48''

Explanation

Question 96 of 102

1

What diameter of probe should be used to collect the cores?

Select one of the following:

  • 3/8 - 3/4 "

  • 1/2 - 3''

  • 1/4 - 1''

  • 2 - 3''

Explanation

Question 97 of 102

1

What are the reasons for having forage sampled?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Determine forage quality

  • Identify imbalances, deficiencies, and toxicities in the forage

  • Tell the producer if their soil management technique is working

  • Establish forage value $$$

Explanation

Question 98 of 102

1

The most limiting factor in the forage is the amount of what that the animal consumes?

Select one of the following:

  • The amount of digestible energy

  • The amount of protein

  • The amount of minerals

  • The amount of vitamins

  • The amount of water

Explanation

Question 99 of 102

1

A high quality forage is one that contains large concentrations of what?

Select one of the following:

  • Digestible nutrients

  • Protein

  • Minerals

  • Vitamins

Explanation

Question 100 of 102

1

What is the southeastern categorization RFQ value for Choice hay?

Select one of the following:

  • 140-160 RFQ

  • 90-110 RFQ

  • 110-140 RFQ

  • 160-180 RFQ

Explanation

Question 101 of 102

1

What is the southeastern categorization RFQ for standard hay?

Select one of the following:

  • 90-110 RFQ

  • 140-160 RFQ

  • 120-140 RFQ

  • 70-90 RFQ

Explanation

Question 102 of 102

1

In the southeastern hay contest held annually in conjunction with the Sunbelt Ag Expo, samples can be thrown out due to too high levels of what two items?

Select one of the following:

  • Moisture and nitrate

  • Nitrate and potassium

  • Moisture and potassium

  • Potassium and phosphorus

Explanation

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