Organic matter _________ slowly in the cold, ________ _____ on the forest floor

Fires during summer droughts can burn through the forest floor for _______ or ________

Conifers that can withstand winter freezes grow in the _______ _______

Tundras above ____ latitude no longer feature trees

The topsoil ________ in winter and _______ in summer

A permanently frozen layer of soil called ___________ chills the topsoil, limiting plant and microbe growth

 Simple short vegetation including _______, ______, _______, and _______ grow here

Tundras occur in the ______ and the ________ _________

 The order of biomes from the equator to higher latitudes is

The ______ of a species marks the areas where it is found

The dispersal of _________ within that range depends on ________ ________

The set of optimal conditions for a niche species in its environment
determined by natural selection describes a species ________ ________

The fixed geological area where an organism can most easily grow and reproduce describes an organisms __________ __________

The actual range of individuals within its fundamental niche describes an organisms _______ ______

_________ _________ drives the evolution of populations over time

Natural Selection ensures the transmission of traits _________ for the organism’s ________ to future generations

Over time, a species will _______ more and more from its ancestors as it _______ to its
environment

An organism's ___________ involve responses to the ___________ of a particular environment

 Evolution involves changes in an organism’s ________ _________

 Genetic information is stored as _______________ ______, also know as _____

 DNA stores instructions for the creation of ________ by the body

 Every gene has _____ ____ _____ that code for different forms of a protein

 Each form of a specific gene is called an allele

In _________ __________, the offspring receives one set of alleles from the mother
and one set from the father

 The specific combination of alleles in an organism comprises its _________

Alleles code physical features called the phenotype

_______ __________ in a population will shift as alleles that produce useful adaptations are passed on

Charles Darwin described the causes of natural selection in his book : ____ _______ ___ ________

________ variations must exist among the individuals of the species

Genetic variations affect the _______ and reproduction rates of the individuals

________ ________ involve a population’s interactions with each other

Population Dynamics determine the population ______ and ___________

Population size measures the ________ of organisms
Population abundance measures the _________ of individuals

________ ________, ________ ________, and ___________ ___________ all alter population size

A patchy, disconnected habitat limits population ________

_________ whales might travel ____ ________ kilometers to reach their breeding grounds

Only one mammal, the _____ ____, has been able to disperse to Hawaii

________ ________ determines the type of population distribution

Natural populations with patchy habitats typically form _______ ____________ in a
metapopulation

Occasional _________ and _________ occur between the subpopulations of a metapopulation

_____ and _____ _____ control population size and abundance in the subpopulations

The metapopulation’s size depends on the balance between ___________ __________ and the ___________ of new patches of habitat

The proportions of each age group in a population forms its _____ _________

_________ birth and survival rates at each age level creates stable growth

Carefully altering _______ _______ at each age level can manage population size

A population with many young individuals will ______, while a population with many old individuals will likely ______

Kenya, Nigeria, and Saudi Arabia are countries experiencing ______ growth

The United States, Australia, and Canada are countries experiencing ______ growth

Denmark, Austria, and Italy are countries experiencing ______ growth

Germany, Hungary, and Bulgaria are countries experiencing ________ growth

Population growth follows _________ patterns

Populations that reproduce in fixed intervals, such as annual plants, grow
____________

Populations, such as India's at the moment, that reproduce constantly, grow ____________

The _______ most populated nation, India had over _________ people in
2014

More than half of the population of India is under ____ years old

India has a high annual population growth rate of ______ percent

By ______, India will be the world’s most populated country

As the population grows to the maximum number of individuals the environment can support, population growth rates decrease in _________ _______

The maximum number of individuals an environment can support is called the _______ ________

Carrying capacity depends on ________ ________

Many factors limit population _____ and prevent _______ growth

Density independent factors limit population growth regardless of _____

Extreme conditions like hurricanes, fires, and floods are examples of ________ ________ ________

_________ _________ factors impact the growth rate in proportion to the size of the population

Competition, crowding, disease, and stress have more impact in _______ ___________ sizes

Density dependent factors tend to promote _______ at low population sizes

Density dependent factors limit growth when the population size nears the _________ _________

__________ interactions occur between members of the same species

_________ _________ cause competition and stress, which are density dependent
factors

Animals develop _______ and _______, while plant _______ and _______ production
decreases

__________ interactions occur between individuals of different species

Resource limitations decrease the ________ ______ of all individuals in the species, potentially leading to ________