Test Paola

Question 1 of 181

1

Which of the following should be the primary focus of early language intervention
for at-risk infants?

Select one of the following:

Establishing object permanence through play activities
Training primary caregivers to facilitate language learning
Creating readiness activities in the context of play
Enhancing social communication through play activities

Explanation

Question 2 of 181

1

Primary motor innervation to the larynx and velum is provided by which cranial
nerve?

Select one of the following:

V
VII
IX
X

Explanation

Question 3 of 181

1

Federal laws regarding freedom of access to information stipulate that client
records kept or written by health care professionals can be

Select one of the following:

reviewed only by other health-care professionals
reviewed only by the clients themselves unless the client provides written permission to share with others
reviewed by anyone who submits a formal written request
released only by subpoena

Explanation

Question 4 of 181

1

The speech reception threshold (SRT) is a basic component of an evaluation of
hearing function. Which of the following statements about the SRT is most accurate?

Select one of the following:

It is measured in decibels and corresponds to the intensity level at which spondaic words can be recognized approximately 50% of the time.
It makes use of test materials that are limited to monosyllabic words.
It provides information on how well speech is understood at conversational levels.
It is useful in validating acoustic intermittence measures.

Explanation

Question 5 of 181

1

A clinician who employs active listening is doing which of the following?

Select one of the following:

Responding to both the content and the affect of the client’s remarks
Listening very carefully and taking extensive notes
Conducting a clinician-directed interview
Directing the client to specific answers to questions

Explanation

Question 6 of 181

1

Which of the following is the best action to take initially with a client who presents
with poor oral control of liquids and solids, coughing and choking while eating and
drinking, and a history of hospitalizations associated with pneumonia?

Select one of the following:

Thickening liquids so that the client will be better able to control oral movements for swallowing
Obtaining a modified barium-swallow study to determine appropriate interventions
Evaluating the client’s ability to eat a variety of foods in order to determine which foods are safest
Prescribing that the client be NPO, since aspiration is present

Explanation

Question 7 of 181

1

Ms. Brown, a 70-year-old retired female, was admitted to the hospital following a
CVA. The SLP conducted a comprehensive evaluation that revealed the presence of left-side neglect, anosognosia (denial of impairment), and visuospatial problems, including prosopagnosia (difficulty recognizing familiar faces). Although her auditory comprehension and repetition skills were good, she experienced difficulty with topic maintenance and turn taking. Based on the clinical features described, Ms. Brown’s diagnostic classification would most likely be

Select one of the following:

Wernicke’s aphasia
Conduction aphasia
Cognitive-communicative disorder consistent with right hemisphere damage
Cognitive-communicative disorder consistent with left hemisphere damage

Explanation

Question 8 of 181

1

A client exhibits weakness, atrophy, and fasciculations of the right side of the
tongue and lower face. The client also has right vocal-fold weakness and nasal
regurgitation of fluid when swallowing. These problems are the result of damage to which part of the nervous system?

Select one of the following:

Brain stem
Cerebellum
Left cerebral cortex
Right cerebral cortex

Explanation

Question 9 of 181

1

A child exhibits the following production errors.
w/r
θ/s
t/ʃ
t/tʃ
z/dʒ
t/k
d/g
If a target sound for initial intervention is to be selected on the basis of established developmental norms, then that sound will be

Select one of the following:

/s/
/ʃ/
/k/
/tʃ/

Explanation

Question 10 of 181

1

A public-school-based speech-language pathologist is employed in a state that sets the maximum caseload at 65. However, the clinician’s caseload is currently at 64 with a waiting list of 10 additional students. The school principal insists that the speechlanguage pathologist enroll the 10 students immediately, because the district cannot locate another clinician to assist with the caseload. Which of the following is the most appropriate way for the speech-language pathologist to address the situation?

Select one of the following:

Enroll 1 of the 10 students and provide the principal with a written statement of caseload needs, mentioning the amount, type, and frequency of treatment
Refer the 10 students to a speech-language pathologist working in a private setting
Suggest that the principal ask a school speech-language pathologist from another school district to take the 10 students
Maintain current caseload until an additional speech-language pathologist is Hired

Explanation

Question 11 of 181

1

Which of the following views make up a standard videofluoroscopic swallow study?
Select all that apply.

Select one or more of the following:

Frontal
Lateral
Transverse
Anterior-posterior

Explanation

Question 12 of 181

1

Hearing loss in infants who are born with a cleft palate is usually related to which
of the following?

Select one of the following:

The infant’s inability to create positive pressure in the oral cavity
Malformation of the middle-ear ossicles associated with malformation of the palate
Eustachian tube dysfunction
Cochlear dysfunction

Explanation

Question 13 of 181

1

Children diagnosed as having specific language impairments are likely to exhibit
the greatest deficits in which of the following?

Select one of the following:

Production of sentences with appropriate inflectional morphology and syntax
Acquisition of word meanings
Comprehension of short sentences
Motoric aspects of written expression

Explanation

Question 14 of 181

1

A 5-year-old girl with a repaired cleft palate has recently undergone a pharyngeal
flap operation to correct velopharyngeal incompetence, but she continues to use glottal stops, pharyngeal fricatives, and mid-dorsum palatal stops. Which of the following is the most appropriate action for the SLP to take?

Select one of the following:

Recommending that the child be examined by a cleft palate team to determine the cause of the persistent articular errors
Referring the child back to the surgeon to determine the need for a revision of the pharyngeal flap
Initiating articulation treatment to teach the correct placement for the stops and fricatives
Initiating articulation treatment to teach correct production of nonpressure consonant sounds

Explanation

Question 15 of 181

1

A 70-year-old female has dysphagia characterized by poor posterior oral
containment of the bolus during the oral preparatory stage, causing aspiration before the swallow. Cognition and the pharyngeal stage of the swallow are intact. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment approach for the client?

Select one of the following:

Providing a puree diet with thickened liquids
Having the client flex her head forward (perform the chin-down posture) during oral preparation and transit stages of the swallow
Having the client turn (rotate) her head to the right when swallowing
Providing a diet that consists of thin liquids

Explanation

Question 16 of 181

1

An SLP receives a referral regarding a 4-year-old boy who uses two words
spontaneously and functionally, who began walking at 3 years of age, and who
responds to his name inconsistently. On the basis of the information alone, the SLP can legitimately conclude that the child’s communication profile reflects

Select one of the following:

a developmental delay
autism spectrum disorder
a chromosomal anomaly
a metabolic disorder

Explanation

Question 17 of 181

1

Which of the following is the most important acoustic cue that distinguishes
between an unreleased final /p/ and an unreleased final /b/, as in “cap” versus “cab”?

Select one of the following:

Locus frequency of burst
Voice onset time
Vocal fundamental frequency
Duration of the preceding vowel

Explanation

Question 18 of 181

1

John is a 4 1/2 year old whose consonantal inventory includes word-initial [ w ], [ m], [ n ], [ p ], [ b ], [ t ], [ d ], and [ f ]. He uses [ t ] for /k/, [ d ] for /ɡ/, [ b ] for /v/, and [ f ]for /θ/. He produces no consonant clusters. His word-final consonantal inventory consists of [m] and [n]. His word shape inventory includes V, CV, CVC, and CVCV. The information given most strongly indicates that the child has

Select one of the following:

childhood apraxia of speech
an oral motor impairment
delayed phonological development
a significant high-frequency hearing loss

Explanation

Question 19 of 181

1

Immediately following removal of a benign tumor from the base of the brain, a
76-year-old client exhibits severe nasalization and a weak, breathy voice. A fourmonth postsurgical assessment reveals no improvement. At this time, the remediation strategy for this client should focus on

Select one of the following:

evaluation for prosthetic or surgical intervention
strengthening exercises for the oral articulators
a trial period using the yawn-sign technique
complete vocal rest

Explanation

Question 20 of 181

1

A 4-month-old-infant who has a low birth weight but passed a neonatal hearing
screening was evaluated for development of communication skills. The speechlanguage pathologist found that the infant followed moving objects visually, showed interest in mouthing and banging objects, and began sucking in anticipation of eating, but failed to localize to environmental sounds. On the report to the infant’s primary care physician, the most appropriate recommendation by the speech-language pathologist is

Select one of the following:

consideration of auditory amplification
hearing-loss counseling for the parents
careful parent monitoring of the child’s speech-language development
evaluation of auditory function by an audiologist

Explanation

Question 21 of 181

1

Which of the following procedures would be effective in remediating a falsetto voice for an adult male with a severe bilateral hearing loss?

Select one of the following:

Development of phonation from coughing
Pushing exercises
Manual depression of the larynx
Manual elevation of the larynx

Explanation

Question 22 of 181

1

Cognitive therapy for stuttering focuses on which of the following?

Select one of the following:

Extinguishing the overt, dysfluent speech behavior by withholding positive reinforcement
Changing distorted beliefs about self-efficacy and the need to speak with complete fluency . Cambio de creencias distorsionadas sobre la autoeficacia y la necesidad de hablar confluidez completa
Providing positive reinforcement during periods of fluent speech
Reducing dysfluent speech behavior by using visual imaging

Explanation

Question 23 of 181

1

A prospective client is described as a man in his forties who is under chronic
stress. He uses his voice extensively in daily life has a hard-driving personality, and
exhibits glottal fry. The client has the classic profile of a person at high risk for

Select one of the following:

spastic dysphonia
acute laryngitis
vocal nodules
contact ulcers

Explanation

Question 24 of 181

1

Which of the following most accurately represents the etiology of cleft palate?

Select one of the following:

Genetic factors alone
Environmental influences alone
Genetic factors interacting with environmental influences
Medications taken by the mother during pregnancy

Explanation

Question 25 of 181

1

For which individual would a recommendation for an augmentative and
alternative communication (AAC) intervention be least appropriate?

Select one of the following:

A preschool child with a language-learning disorder and highly unintelligible speech
A teenager with a repaired cleft palate who continues to experience
hypernasality
A young adult with severe cerebral palsy precluding functional oral
communication
A 55-year-old man who has had a laryngectomy

Explanation

Question 26 of 181

1

Which of the following is an accurate statement about whispered speech?

Select one of the following:

It is produced by approximating the arytenoid cartilages so that their medial surfaces are in direct contact.
It is composed largely of aperiodic sounds.
Spectrographic analysis of it reveals no discernible formants for the vowels.
Most people can produce longer utterances per breath using it than they can using conventional phonation.

Explanation

Question 27 of 181

1

Which of the following describes an important diagnostic distinction between
apraxia of speech and dysarthria?

Select one of the following:

Apraxia of speech is a result of lower motor neuron lesions, whereas dysarthria is the result of upper motor neuron lesions.
Clients with apraxia of speech lack the ability to monitor reactive speech, whereas clients with dysarthria lack the ability to sequence volitional speech movements.
Strength and coordination of the speech musculature are intact in clients with apraxia of speech, whereas slowness, weakness, incoordination, or altered tone of the speech musculature are associated with dysarthria.
Apraxia of speech is characterized by distortions, omissions, and substitutions, whereas dysarthria is characterized by inconsistent, highly variable misarticulations.

Explanation

Question 28 of 181

1

Naturalistic teaching chiefly involves which of the following? Enseñanza naturalista
implica fundamentalmente cuál de las siguientes?

Select one of the following:

Establishing successful and useful communication
Using multiple trials and training techniques
Using more adult-initiated interactions than child-initiated interactions
Using differential reinforcement, fading, and modeling

Explanation

Question 29 of 181

1

Which of the following muscles produces the opposing action to those that
produce velopharyngeal closure?

Select one of the following:

Musculus uvulae
Levator veli palatini
Palatoglossus
Stylopharyngeus

Explanation

Question 30 of 181

1

An otolaryngologist has referred a 45-year-old man for voice treatment following medialization thyroplasty for a paralyzed vocal fold. Which of the following is the most appropriate therapeutic strategy for the SLP to use?

Select one of the following:

Assisting the patient to produce a soft glottal attack
Digitally manipulation of the patient’s neck to reduce strap-muscle tension
Assisting the patient to produce a hard glottal attack
Employing techniques aimed at increasing airflow

Explanation

Question 31 of 181

1

Which of the following types of cerebral palsy is characterized by slow, arrhythmic
writhing and involuntary movements of the extremities?

Select one of the following:

Athetosis
Spasticity
Hypotonia
Bulbar palsy

Explanation

Question 32 of 181

1

In the treatment of acute Wernicke’s aphasia, the initial focus should be on

Select one of the following:

encouraging self-monitoring of the adequacy of verbal output
increasing the rate of speech
improving the client’s ability to elaborate verbally
increasing the complexity of sentence structures

Explanation

Question 33 of 181

1

In the treatment of voice disorders, the chewing technique is used to do which
of the following?

Select one of the following:

Improve control of loudness
Increase pitch range during voice production
Increase air supply during voice production
Reduce tension in the laryngeal area

Explanation

Question 34 of 181

1

An SLP is planning treatment for a 5-year-old child with multiple speechproduction
errors. The most effective strategy the clinician can use to treat the child is to

Select one of the following:

arrange error sounds by developmental pattern and correct them sound by sound
start with sounds the child can make and use them as bridges to error sounds
teach sounds in isolation, then use nonsense syllables, and then build to words
delineate phonological processes in operation and address them through minimal-contrast pairs

Explanation

Question 35 of 181

1

A teacher asks the speech-language pathologist for advice regarding a child
who talks excessively during class, rarely listens to instructions, and does work only intermittently. Attempts at alternative seating for the child have not been successful. Of the following, which is the most appropriate recommendation that the speechlanguage pathologist can provide to the teacher?

Select one of the following:

Have the school counselor consider working with the child and the parents on self-control and discipline
Put the child on a management system for classroom behavior
Refer the child for evaluation by members of the child-study team
Suggest remedial speech-language services for the child to improve the child’s interactive communication

Explanation

Question 36 of 181

1

A 6-year-old child produces [t] for /s/, [d] for /z/, [p] for /f/, and [b] for /v/.
Intervention for this problem would target language at the level of

Select one of the following:

morphology
syntax
phonology
semantics

Explanation

Question 37 of 181

1

A correct-response rate of 51 percent on a two-choice picture-pointing task
would most likely indicate which of the following?

Select one of the following:

A random pointing response
Successful intervention
Development of crucial discrimination skills by the client
Readiness to progress to a three-picture point task

Explanation

Question 38 of 181

1

Which of the following areas needs to be evaluated first for a 5 year old
who says [pun] for “spoon” and [top] for “soap”?

Select one of the following:

Auditory discrimination
Dialectal differences
Phonological system
Receptive language

Explanation

Question 39 of 181

1

For which of the following conditions is it most appropriate for the SLP to
recommend that the patient’s primary-care physician refer the patient to a prosthodontist for construction of a palatal-lift appliance?

Select one of the following:

Submucous cleft palate
Unrepaired cleft of the secondary palate
Flaccid paralysis of the soft palate
Congenitally short palate

Explanation

Question 40 of 181

1

Computer software that has been developed to facilitate speech and language
treatment can best be used

Select one of the following:

in group sessions when the SLP’s caseload precludes working individually with
clients
by clients in place of services that would otherwise be provided by an SLP
by clients under the direction of SLPs
when SLPs are unavailable

Explanation

Question 41 of 181

1

Which of the following is a typical symptom of cerebellar involvement?

Select one of the following:

Overshooting or undershooting an intended target
Rigidity during voluntary motions
Spasticity during involuntary action
Word-finding difficulty

Explanation

Question 42 of 181

1

A 42-year-old client with upper-and lower-extremity weakness and a diagnosis
of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is referred for a speech-language evaluation. The
evaluation reveals a progressive severe dysarthria that is characterized by imprecise articulation secondary to bilateral facial and lingual weakness, atrophy, and fasciculations; mild-to-moderate hypernasality and weak pressure consonants with associated nasal emission during speech; and strained, harsh, groaning voice quality with occasional inhalatory stridor. Speech intelligibility is poor. Which of the following will most effectively improve this client’s ability to communicate?

Select one of the following:

Teflon injection into one or both vocal cords
Palatal-lift prosthesis
Amplification device
Augmentative communication system

Explanation

Question 43 of 181

1

Which of the following communication disorders is most frequently associated
with significant dysphagia?

Select one of the following:

Aphasia
Ataxic dysarthria
Flaccid dysarthria
Organic voice tremor

Explanation

Question 44 of 181

1

Language impairment in a child with Down syndrome is often determined by
comparing performance on one or more standardized language tests with the
child’s mental age, rather than with the child’s chronological age. Although mental age should not be used to specify the need for treatment, mental age can legitimately be used as a performance criterion because

Select one of the following:

using chronological age would overidentify language disorders
using chronological age would underidentify language disorders
mental age always correlates with verbal performance
language performance is expected to exceed mental age

Explanation

Question 45 of 181

1

Which of the following is the ratio of reinforcement that will most quickly cause
a newly acquired behavior to be habituated?

Select one of the following:

A random ratio of tokens to correct responses
A ratio of 1 token to 1 correct response
A ratio of 1 token to 4 correct responses only
A ratio of 1 token to 10 correct responses only

Explanation

Question 46 of 181

1

An adult client exhibits visuospatial disorganization, an inability to initiate
interactions, left-side neglect, and lack of facial expression. This combination of
symptoms is most likely associated with which of the following?

Select one of the following:

Right-hemisphere traumatic brain injury
Left-hemisphere cerebrovascular accident
Bilateral traumatic brain injury
Alzheimer’s dementia

Explanation

Question 47 of 181

1

A physician told the spouse of a client that melodic intonation therapy (MIT) would improve the client’s speech considerably. The most appropriate next action by the SLP would be to

Select one of the following:

provide MIT, as recommended
tell the physician that it is inappropriate for the physician to make
recommendations for a speech treatment
consider the potential value of incorporating MIT into the client’s treatment
explain MIT to the client’s spouse to assist in the decision-making process about the type of therapy to use

Explanation

Question 48 of 181

1

Which of the following muscles is primarily responsible for vocal fold
abduction?

Select one of the following:

Posterior cricoarytenoid
Cricothyroid
Interarytenoid
Lateral cricoarytenoid

Explanation

Question 49 of 181

1

A client has been determined to have poor upper esophageal sphincter
opening secondary to decreased hyolaryngeal excursion, following a lateral
medullary stroke. Cognitive functions are within normal limits. Which of the
following interventions would be the most appropriate recommendation for this
client as an initial course of treatment for the underlying disorder?

Select one of the following:

Thermotactile stimulation
Mendelsohn maneuver
Thickened liquids
Chin-down posture (head/neck flexion)

Explanation

Question 50 of 181

1

If a child’s language exhibits the phonological process of gliding, the child
might say [wɛd] for “red.” When asked, “Do you mean wed?” the child may
respond, “No! [wɛd]!” Such a response demonstrates which of the following?

Select one of the following:

Phonological development lags behind semantic development.
Semantic development lags behind phonological development.
Linguistic competence lags behind linguistic performance.
Linguistic performance lags behind linguistic competence.

Explanation

Question 51 of 181

1

Of the following sentences, which represents the greatest degree of syntactic
complexity?

Select one of the following:

Is John helping Bill?
Why isn’t John helping Bill?
John isn’t helping Bill.
Why is John helping Bill?

Explanation

Question 52 of 181

1

Establishment of which of the following is most important in ensuring that the
results of any diagnostic test of speech or language are replicable?

Select one of the following:

Content validity
Interjudge reliability
Split-half reliability
Face validity

Explanation

Question 53 of 181

1

Which of the following is the most reasonable standard to apply when judging
whether a client has achieved generalization of a targeted skill?

Select one of the following:

The client uses the targeted skill under stimulus conditions that were not present during the training process and without reinforcement.
The client maintains the correct production of the targeted skill when the reinforcement schedule is changed.
The client correctly produces the targeted skill effortlessly and without hesitation.
The client is able to monitor errors and correct them with only a minimal number of cues from the clinician.

Explanation

Question 54 of 181

1

Which of the following indicates the goal of the Health Insurance Portability
and Accountability Act (HIPAA) ?

Select one of the following:

To ensure a patient’s privacy and confidentiality of health-care information
To maximize health insurance coverage for speech-language pathology services
To ensure a free and appropriate education
To ensure a patient’s knowledge of health insurance

Explanation

Question 55 of 181

1

Laborious, halting, telegraphic utterances are typical of clients with which of
the following types of aphasia?

Select one of the following:

Conduction
Anomic
Wernicke
Transcortical motor

Explanation

Question 56 of 181

1

A videofluoroscopic study of a client with dysphagia revealed post-swallow
vallecular residue occupying more than 50 percent vallecular height. Which of the
following is the most likely overt symptom that the client will experience?

Select one of the following:

Watery eyes during swallowing
Oral pocketing of foods
Coughing after swallowing
Esophageal reflux

Explanation

Question 57 of 181

1

When treating a client who is using an electronic augmentativecommunication
device, the speech-language pathologist’s primary goal should be to

Select one of the following:

ensure that the client develops skill in using every technical aspect of the aid
ensure that the client’s caregivers learn how to modify the aid’s hardware and any applicable software to meet the client’s communication needs
train the client to use the aid as independently and interactively as possible in a variety of settings
help the client develop the skills necessary for moving on to a more
sophisticated device

Explanation

Question 58 of 181

1

A 4,5-year-old boy has significant speech and language difficulties exemplified
by poor oral-motor control, slight difficulty in swallowing, high palate, poor tongue mobility, and fasticulation on protrusion. During an evaluation, the speech-language pathologist notes very poor paper-and-pencil grasp, poor posture, and an inability to complete performance tasks requiring fine motor control. To which of the following should the child be referred in order to obtain additional diagnostic information?

Select one of the following:

An otolaryngologist
A physical therapist
A neurologist
A physiologist

Explanation

Question 59 of 181

1

A clinician is working with the response cost strategy and she asked the child's mom to correct her son's disfluencies, telling him: "that sounds bumpy" and in the middle of his disfluency "to stop" and repeat it the word again. What is the clinician doing??

Select one of the following:

Creating awareness to the child about his disfluency
Is not effective since it does not hold a relaxation level
That the child experience awareness to see his mom anxiety and correct him
This strategy is a good strategy

Explanation

Question 60 of 181

1

A 65 or 56 year old pacient with a post lingual hearing loss with meaningful words will receive aural rehabilitation is benefit from which of the following approaches??

Select one of the following:

Holistic
synthetic
authentic
analytic

Explanation

Question 61 of 181

1

Successful use of an alternative and augmentative communication system is based on such factors as selecting appropriate vocabulary, seating and positioning, and having a reliable method of controlling the system. To facilitate the most effective use of the system, clinicians most often advocate which of the following approaches?

Select one of the following:

Unimodal
Multimodal
Bimodal
Gestural

Explanation

Question 62 of 181

1

Which of the following is most important for an SLP to do when assessing a child
who has an acquired brain injury?

Select one of the following:

Evaluate pragmatics through a structured language test
Compare premorbid performance with present performance
Ensure administration of an intelligence test
Compare nonverbal performance with verbal performance

Explanation

Question 63 of 181

1

Language intervention for a child at the one-word stage should be most strongly
influenced by a consideration of the child’s

Select one of the following:

motor skills
cognitive skills
syntactic skills
articulation skills

Explanation

Question 64 of 181

1

Before an SLP initiates voice intervention, it is most important that the SLP gather
information about the

Select one of the following:

cause of the client’s voice problem
client’s breathing patterns
client’s oral motor skills
fundamental frequency of the client’s laryngeal tone

Explanation

Question 65 of 181

1

A client with anomic aphasia is a native speaker of Spanish with fair proficiency in English. Production of the word “shoes” as [tʃuz] on a repetition task is most likely due to which of the following factors?

Select one of the following:

Phonological interference from the speaker’s native language
Semantic interference from the speaker’s native language
Semantic paraphasia due to the aphasia
Phonemic paraphasia due to the aphasia

Explanation

Question 66 of 181

1

An SLP has a consultation with a self-referred adult who has a fluency disorder. The client had been enrolled in treatment programs with the clinician three times before and had reached from 75 to 90 percent fluency before dropping out of treatment for various reasons. Thirty percent of the client’s syllables are spoken disfluently. The client also exhibits signs of depression and anxiety. Which of the following is the most appropriate action for the SLP to take?

Select one of the following:

Encouraging the client to re-enroll for remedial services
Encouraging the client to take responsibility for maintaining fluency by using techniques learned in the previous treatment sessions
Recommending that the client schedule a neurological evaluation
Referring the client for psychological counseling

Explanation

Question 67 of 181

1

Immediately following removal of a benign tumor from the base of the brain, a 76- yearold client exhibits severe nasalization and a weak, breathy voice. A four-month postsurgical assessment reveals no improvement. At this time, the remediation strategy for this client should focus on

Select one of the following:

evaluation for prosthetic or surgical intervention
strengthening exercises for the oral articulators
a trial period using the yawn-sign technique
complete vocal rest

Explanation

Question 68 of 181

1

A 4-month-old-infant who has a low birth weight but passed a neonatal hearing screening was evaluated for development of communication skills. The speech-language pathologist found that the infant followed moving objects visually, showed interest in mouthing and banging objects, and began sucking in anticipation of eating, but failed to localize to environmental sounds. On the report to the infant’s primary care physician, the most appropriate recommendation by the speech-language pathologist is

Select one of the following:

consideration of auditory amplification
hearing-loss counseling for the parents
careful parent monitoring of the child’s speech-language development
evaluation of auditory function by an audiologist

Explanation

Question 69 of 181

1

Which of the following is a type of perturbation that can be measured to determine
the amount of noise in the voice?

Select one of the following:

Changes in the frequency range between F1 and F2 over time
Changes in the frequency range between F2 and F3 over time
F3 cycle-to-cycle variations in sound energy over time
F0 cycle-to-cycle variations in sound energy over time

Explanation

Question 70 of 181

1

A 67-year-old male patient with no history of swallowing problems has undergone a cardiothoracic surgical procedure. Postoperatively, he is found to be aspirating while swallowing and is diagnosed with a left vocal-fold paralysis and left pharyngeal paresis. Which of the following is the most likely etiology?

Select one of the following:

An intraoperative CVA in the right pons
Damage to the right recurrent laryngeal nerve
Damage to the left recurrent laryngeal nerve
A left hemispheric stroke

Explanation

Question 71 of 181

1

A speech-and-hearing clinic has recently opened, but referrals are slow in coming. Which of the following would be most appropriate and effective for the clinic’s director todo first?

Select one of the following:

Ask local hospitals to provide names of recent clients likely to need speech-language services
Identify and define the major consumer groups and referral sources, and develop a plan to reach them
Identify the weaknesses in the competition, and inform consumer groups and referral sources of the weaknesses
Wait for demand to increase on its own, because marketing speech-language services i against the ASHA Code of Ethics

Explanation

Question 72 of 181

1

A 6-year-old child produces [t] for /s/, [d] for /z/, [p] for /f/, and [b] for /v/. Intervention for this problem would target language at the level of

Select one of the following:

morphology
syntax
phonology
semantics

Explanation

Question 73 of 181

1

Ms. Lopez’s articulation errors consist of the following: f/v, ʃ/ʒ, and s/z. On the basis
of these errors, the SLP should begin remediation that focuses on

Select one of the following:

manner
place
fricatives
voicing

Explanation

Question 74 of 181

1

A videofluoroscopic study of a client with dysphagia revealed post-swallow
vallecular residue occupying more than 50 percent vallecular height. Which of the
following is the most likely overt symptom that the client will experience?

Select one of the following:

Watery eyes during swallowing
Oral pocketing of foods
Coughing after swallowing
Esophageal reflux

Explanation

Question 75 of 181

1

Which one of the following is a homophonous pair?

Select one of the following:

sheep–beep
man–ban
pan–fan
honey–money
list–gist

Explanation

Question 76 of 181

1

The term coarticulation refers to which of the following?

Select one of the following:

Speech sounds being modified due to the influence of adjacent sounds to the point that there are perceptible changes in sounds
The extent to which vocal-tract configuration changes shape during the production of consonants and vowels in running speech
Vocal punctuation or a combination of suprasegmentals such as intonation and pausing
The influence of various syllables upon one another when a client recites a phonetically balanced list of words
The influence of one phoneme upon another in production and perception, wherein two different articulators move simultaneously to produce two different speech sounds

Explanation

Question 77 of 181

1

A child’s speech analysis suggests the phonological process of consonant-cluster
reduction. Which of the following is the word you would most likely put on a word list used for treatment?

Select one of the following:

bus
stopped
horse
lassie

Explanation

Question 78 of 181

1

What is the muscle that exerts the pull that allows the Eustachian tube to open during yawning and swallowing?

Select one of the following:

Tensor palatini
Levator palatini
Tensor tympani
Stapedius muscle
Levator veli palatini

Explanation

Question 79 of 181

1

Which of the following is an example of an entity + locative?

Select one of the following:

That chair
More juice
Jump [on] bed
Juice [in] glass
Doggy bark

Explanation

Question 80 of 181

1

What are cartilages that are cone-shaped and are located under the mucous
membrane that covers the aryepiglottic folds called?

Select one of the following:

Cricoids
Laminas
Cuneiforms
Corniculates
Arytenoids

Explanation

Question 81 of 181

1

Which of the following primarily vibrate and produce sound?

Select one of the following:

External thyroarytenoids
Internal thyroarytenoids
Transverse arytenoids
Cricothyroid
Lateral cricoarytenoids

Explanation

Question 82 of 181

1

What is the definition of fast mapping?

Select one of the following:

An important concept associated with syntax
An important concept associated with pragmatics
The ability to categorize concepts
The ability to learn a new word on the basis of just a few exposures to it
The ability to differentiate between free and bound morphemes

Explanation

Question 83 of 181

1

Approximately when is the past tense regular –ed mastered by typically developing
children?

Select one of the following:

19–28 months
24–33 months
18–32 months
26–48 months
24–26 months

Explanation

Question 84 of 181

1

The phoneme /k/ sounds the same perceptually to the listener; however, it is
produced in a slightly different manner in the words kitten, bucket, and cook. These variations of the /k/ phoneme are called

Select one of the following:

phonemes
allophones
morphemes
diphthongs
plosives

Explanation

Question 85 of 181

1

You would diagnose a disorder of fluency (stuttering) when the dysfluencies in
speech reach

Select one of the following:

5% of the words spoken
15% of the words spoken
1% of the syllables spoken
10% of the syllables spoken
2% of the words spoken

Explanation

Question 86 of 181

1

Select the statement that is true of the response cost method

Select one of the following:

A token is given for every fluent speech production.
Twenty tokens are given for good speech at the beginning of the treatment session.
A token is presented for each utterance that is produced at a reduced rate of speech.
The fluent productions are counted during treatment, and the same number of tokens are given at the end of the session.
A token is given for each fluent production, and one is withdrawn for each dysfluency

Explanation

Question 87 of 181

1

In correctly administering the pause-and-talk (timeout) procedure to reduce
stuttering, what would you do immediately following a stutter?

Select one of the following:

Give a signal to stop and then ask the client to start talking again.
Give a signal to stop, ask the client to describe the problem, and then let the client continue to talk.
Say, “No,” pause for 5 seconds, and then let the client continue to talk.
Give a signal to stop talking, avoid eye contact for 5 seconds, reestablish the eye contact, and then ask the client to continue.
Ask the client to keep quiet for 20 seconds before resuming speech.

Explanation

Question 88 of 181

1

patient with a double voice, which is the perception of two distinct simultaneous
pitches during phonation, has

Select one of the following:

glottal fry
diplophonia
strain-strangle
cul-de-sac resonance
harshness

Explanation

Question 89 of 181

1

Injecting botulinum toxin (Botox) directly into one or both vocal folds (thyroarytenoid muscles) has been used for which of the following voice conditions?

Select one of the following:

Laryngeal webs
Spasmodic dysphonia
Carcinoma
Polyps
Contact ulcers

Explanation

Question 90 of 181

1

What is true about Broca’s aphasia?

Select one of the following:

The speech is generally meaningless.
The grammar is typically intact.
It is never associated with apraxia of speech or dysarthria.
It is often, though not always, caused by damage to Brodman’s areas 44 and 45.
It is not associated with paralysis or paresis

Explanation

Question 91 of 181

1

Repetition skills are better preserved in

Select one of the following:

transcortical motor aphasia
Broca’s aphasia
global aphasia
Wernicke’s aphasia
conduction aphasia.

Explanation

Question 92 of 181

1

Speech reception thresholds (SRTs) are

Select one of the following:

determined by the patient’s response to a list of monosyllabic words presented at a low level of hearing
determined by looking at the patient’s pure-tone test results at the frequencies most important to speech
the lowest levels of hearing at which a person can understand 100% of the words presented
the lowest levels of hearing at which a person can understand 50% of the words presented
the highest levels of hearing at which a person can understand 50% of the words presented

Explanation

Question 93 of 181

1

You gather a language sample, and find that Tommy often says sentences like “My
shoes hurting my feet today.” This sentence has

Select one of the following:

6 words, 6 morphemes
6 words, 9 morphemes
6 words, 8 morphemes
6 words, 10 morphemes
6 words, 7 morphemes

Explanation

Question 94 of 181

1

When the clinician screens Tommy’s language skills, she finds that he says things
like “I went store Mom’s car, bought apples.” This utterance has

Select one of the following:

7 words, 7 morphemes
7 words, 9 morphemes
7 words, 8 morphemes
7 words, 10 morphemes
7 words, 11 morphemes

Explanation

Question 95 of 181

1

Sara is reading a story aloud in her class. To make distinctions between similarsounding words like “I scream” and “ice cream,” she uses a combination of
suprasegmentals such as intonation and pausing, which mark special distinctions or grammatical divisions in speech. This type of vocal punctuation is also called

Select one of the following:

stress
prosody
pitch
rate
juncture

Explanation

Question 96 of 181

1

According to Brown’s stages, what is the last morpheme to be acquired by a typical
child?

Select one of the following:

Prepositions
Regular third-person –s
Contractible copula
Uncontractible auxiliary
Contractible auxiliary

Explanation

Question 97 of 181

1

Halliday described seven functions of communicative intent that develop between 9 and 18 months of age. Which of the following is an example of the heuristic function?

Select one of the following:

“More” (said by a child with an empty juice glass).
“I want cookie.”
“Grandpa white car.”
“Why doggy bark?”
“Mommy go store.”

Explanation

Question 98 of 181

1

A child has been referred to you for an assessment of his pragmatic skills. The chief complaint of adults and children with whom he interacts is that he frequently gives commands and sounds rude and bossy. His classroom teacher says she is fed up with his bossiness and peers do not include him in their games. His father tells you that the boy frequently says things like “Take me to Chuck E. Cheese” or “Get me Mario Cart Wii.” The father would like intervention to help his son say things like “I wonder if we could get Mario Cart Wii at the store?” instead of giving orders. In therapy, you know you will need to work on the boy’s facility with

Select one of the following:

didactic monologues
narrative skills
indirect requests
cohesion
passive sentence transformations

Explanation

Question 99 of 181

1

You work in early intervention with a child who uses holophrastic speech. This child

Select one of the following:

uses primarily two-word utterances
speaks in compound sentences
uses solely complex sentences
uses one word to communicate a variety of meanings
only coos and babbles

Explanation

Question 100 of 181

1

You decide to use gestural-assisted augmentative and alternative communication
with a child who has some proficiency in American Sign Language. Which type of
symbols would you use in this situation?

Select one of the following:

Sig symbols
Premack-type symbols
Blissymbols
Picsyms
Rebuses

Explanation

Question 101 of 181

1

A child is brought for an evaluation because he is having difficulty producing /r/ and
/l/. In your report, you state that he is having difficulty producing

Select one of the following:

glides
nasals
affricates
fricatives
liquids

Explanation

Question 102 of 181

1

Linguavelars are produced by

Select one of the following:

raising the tip of the tongue to make contact with the alveolar ridge
the tongue coming in contact with the hard palate
the back of the tongue rising to contact the velum
the tongue making contact with the upper teeth
keeping the vocal folds open and letting the air pass through them

Explanation

Question 103 of 181

1

You observe the following substitution errors in the speech of a 6-year-old client: w/l (e.g., waemp/laemp), j/l (e.g., jait/lait), or w/r (e.g., wabbit/rabbit). You explain to the child’s waemp/laemp), j/l (e.g., jait/lait), or w/r (e.g., wabbit/rabbit). You explain to the child’s mother that these are examples of

Select one of the following:

vocalization
gliding
velar fronting
stopping
depalatization

Explanation

Question 104 of 181

1

When a child repeats a pattern (e.g., wawa/water), it is referred to as

Select one of the following:

regressive assimilation
progressive assimilation
voicing assimilation
reduplication
accommodation

Explanation

Question 105 of 181

1

Stuttering in preschool children tends to occur somewhat more frequently on

Select one of the following:

function words than on content words
content words than on function words
words that begin with /s/ and /k/ than on words that begin with other sounds
second or third syllables in multisyllable words
the fourth word in a sentence

Explanation

Question 106 of 181

1

An opera singer complains that she is unable to maintain adequate breath support to produce her optimal voice. You want to measure the singer’s lung volume to check for adequate breath support for optimal voice. You will need to measure ___________, which is the volume of air that the singer can exhale after a maximal inhalation.

Select one of the following:

tidal volume
vital capacity
total lung capacity
residual air
exhalation

Explanation

Question 107 of 181

1

Lisa, a 19-year-old college student, was in a car accident and was air lifted to the
trauma center at a local hospital. The paramedics at the accident scene had to perform an emergency intubation to permit her to breathe. A week after the accident, Lisa was discharged from the hospital and was breathing normally. A month later, Lisa returned to the hospital complaining of hoarseness and breathiness. The laryngologist performed an evaluation and noticed that Lisa had a unilateral localized inflammatory vascular lesion that had developed on the vocal process of her arytenoid cartilage. The laryngologist believed that the intubation may have caused

Select one of the following:

hyperkeratosis
leukoplakia
hemangioma
a granuloma
carcinoma

Explanation

Question 108 of 181

1

A patient complains that her voice is soft, hoarse, low pitched, and breathy. After
conducting an endoscopic evaluation, the laryngologist concludes that the patient has benign growths of thick, whitish patches on the surface membrane of the mucosa. The laryngologist asks his resident to diagnose the problem. The resident identifies the problem as

Select one of the following:

hyperkeratosis
leukoplakia
hemangioma
a granuloma
carcinoma

Explanation

Question 109 of 181

1

What is a pink or white wart-like growth that can be found anywhere in the airway
and can make a person’s voice sound hoarse, breathy, and low pitched?

Select one of the following:

Hyperkeratosis
Leukoplakia
Hemangioma
Papilloma
Carcinoma

Explanation

Question 110 of 181

1

A patient comes to you complaining of a sore throat and hoarseness. After talking to the patient, you discover that he also often experiences heartburn and acid indigestion. You consult with the on-call physician, who mentions that this patient’s gastric contents are spontaneously emptying into his esophagus. The physician’s diagnosis of the problem is

Select one of the following:

hyperkeratosis
laryngomalacia
gastroesophageal reflux
spasmodic reflux
leukoplakia

Explanation

Question 111 of 181

1

Which of the following is a homophonous pair?

Select one of the following:

bar-mar
let-wet
most-host
she-be
vine-nine

Explanation

Question 112 of 181

1

When a normal distribution of scores shows that the mean is 100 and 68% of the
sampled children have scored between 85 and 115, the standard deviation of that
distribution is

Select one of the following:

15
25
10
12
30

Explanation

Question 113 of 181

1

Which of the following statements is false regarding a null hypothesis?

Select one of the following:

It states that there is no cause-effect relationship between two specified variables.
It means a zero hypothesis.
It is the one that researchers try to reject.
It states that two variables are causally related.
It is different from the alternative hypothesis

Explanation

Question 114 of 181

1

A researcher who developed a language acquisition test claimed that her test
measures what it is supposed to measure because the scores are progressively higher across age groups. She is claiming that her test has what kind of validity?

Select one of the following:

Content validity
Concurrent validity
Construct validity
Criterion validity
Predictive validity

Explanation

Question 115 of 181

1

A clinician measured the number of misarticulations in a child’s speech sample in December, 2010. She went on winter break and came back 2 weeks later in January 2011, rested and refreshed. She decided to gather another speech sample from the child and re-measure the number of misarticulations. She did this to establish

Select one of the following:

construct validity
predictive validity
intraobserver reliability
interobserver reliability
interobserver validity

Explanation

Question 116 of 181

1

The mode is evident in which of the following sets of scores?

Select one of the following:

12, 10, 5, 15, 8, 4, 11
10, 3, 9, 12, 25, 29, 43
16, 23, 16, 8, 16, 16, 4, 16, 16
58, 76, 96, 12, 5, 9
100, 95, 95, 78, 82, 73

Explanation

Question 117 of 181

1

In the phrase great zoo, the /z/ in zoo is devoiced because of the voiceless /t/ in the
preceding word. This is an example of

Select one of the following:

adaptation
gestation
assimilation
accommodation
prolongation

Explanation

Question 118 of 181

1

When a person is producing a voiced and voiceless /th/, the muscle that is most
involved is The

Select one of the following:

palatopharyngeus
sternocleidomastoid
genioglossus
styloglossus
buccinator

Explanation

Question 119 of 181

1

Which of the following muscles helps adduct the vocal folds?

Select one of the following:

Hyoglossus
Cricothyroid
Posterior cricoarytenoids
Transverse arytenoids
Thyroarytenoids

Explanation

Question 120 of 181

1

A clinician who works in a skilled nursing facility has an 82-year-old male patient
referred to her. The patient presents with a mask-like face with infrequent blinking and no smiling, tremors in his muscles that diminish when he moves voluntarily, swallowing problems, reduced vital capacity, irregular breathing, imprecise articulation, short rushes of speech with variable and increased rate in segments, and difficulty walking. This patient has a swallowing disorder. The referring physician states that the patient has a weak cricopharyngeus, causing difficulties in passing the bolus through the cricopharyngeus muscle and past the 7th cervical vertebra. Most likely this patient has

Select one of the following:

disorders of the esophageal phase of swallow
difficulties in propelling the bolus through the pharynx and into the P-E segment
reduced pharyngeal peristalsis
difficulty in forming and holding the bolus accompanied by slippage of food into the lateral sulcus
food residue in the valleculae, on top of the airway, and in the pyriform sinuses

Explanation

Question 121 of 181

1

The primary muscle of the lips is the

Select one of the following:

buccinator
risorius
depressor labii inferioris
orbicularis oris
depressor anguli oris

Explanation

Question 122 of 181

1

A U-shaped bone that suspends the larynx is the

Select one of the following:

cricoid
thyroid
arytenoid
hyoid
all of the above

Explanation

Question 123 of 181

1

Before a surgeon performs a glossectomy, she informs the patient that the cranial nerves that innervate the tongue muscles will probably be damaged. Which of the following cranial nerves that innervate the tongue muscles will be affected by the operation?

Select one of the following:

Cranial Nerve X, vagus nerve
Cranial Nerve IX, glossopharyngeal nerve
Cranial Nerve XII, hypoglossal nerve
Cranial Nerve VII, facial nerve
Cranial Nerve VIII, vestibulocochlear nerve

Explanation

Question 124 of 181

1

A patient with ataxia complains of difficulties maintaining balance and posture. The physician explains to the patient that the structure that regulates equilibrium, body posture, and coordinated fine-motor movements may be damaged. Therefore, the damaged structure is the

Select one of the following:

cerebrum
pons
cerebellum
temporal lobe
frontal lobe

Explanation

Question 125 of 181

1

Peter has suffered a cerebrovascular accident (CVA); the neurologist reports lesions in the third convolution of the left cerebral hemisphere. Based on this, you conclude that the damaged area is

Select one of the following:

the occipital lobe
the basal ganglia
Wernicke’s area
Broca’s area
the primary auditory area

Explanation

Question 126 of 181

1

Sara has arterial damage that causes her to have cognitive deficits such as impaired judgment, problems concentrating, and difficulties with reasoning. According to the surgeon, damage to this artery can also cause a person to have paralysis of the feet and legs. Damage to which artery produces these effects?

Select one of the following:

Internal carotid
External carotid
Middle cerebral
Anterior cerebral
Posterior cerebral

Explanation

Question 127 of 181

1

A semi-vowel that can be categorized as a voiced bilabial glide that is + anterior and
+ continuant is the

Select one of the following:

/w/
/j/
/l/
/h/
/r/

Explanation

Question 128 of 181

1

The lowest frequency of a periodic wave is

Select one of the following:

natural frequency
formant frequency
fundamental frequency
displacement frequency
compression frequency

Explanation

Question 129 of 181

1

When sound waves move from one medium (e.g., air) to another (e.g., water), it
causes a bending of the sound wave due to change in its speed of propagation. This
phenomenon is known as

Select one of the following:

refraction
reflection
compression
rarefaction
sinusoidal motion

Explanation

Question 130 of 181

1

A child who calls all tall and brown-haired men “Daddy” is exhibiting the
phenomenon of

Select one of the following:

underextension
overextension
joint reference
denial
overabstraction

Explanation

Question 131 of 181

1

The theory that asserts that each child is born with an innate language acquisition
device (LAD) is the

Select one of the following:

nativist theory of Chomsky
cognitive theory of Piaget
information processing theory
behavioral theory of Skinner
social interactionist theory of Vygotsky

Explanation

Question 132 of 181

1

Which of the following would be true of a clinician who used Skinner’s behaviorism
as a foundation for her/his intervention with children with language delays?

Select one of the following:

She or he would teach the child to use mands, tacts, and echoics.
She or he would target auditory sequencing skills.
She or he would ensure that the child had cognitive precursors such as object permanence.
She or he would teach the child to scaffold utterances.
She or he would target grammatical transformations.

Explanation

Question 133 of 181

1

You are treating a 4-year-old boy with specific language impairment (SLI) for
intervention. You notice that he omits all grammatical morphemes in his speech. Which one of the following morphemes would you target first in therapy with him?

Select one of the following:

Articles a, an, the
Regular plural –s
Present progressive –ing
Regular past tense –ed
Prepositions in, on

Explanation

Question 134 of 181

1

Melissa says “clink” instead of “blink”; she produces an incorrect sound in place of
a correct sound. This articulation error is known as

Select one of the following:

omission
substitution
accommodation
adaptation
reduplication

Explanation

Question 135 of 181

1

On completion of an oral mechanism examination, the attending orthodontist
notices that her patient has a protruding maxilla and a receded mandible. The
orthodontist asks the student speech–language pathologist for a diagnosis of the condition. The student should diagnose the condition as

Select one of the following:

class I malocclusion
class II malocclusion
class III malocclusion
myofunctional disorder
ankyloglossia

Explanation

Question 136 of 181

1

The diadochokinetic rate is used to evaluate

Select one of the following:

myofunctional disorders
dental deviations
oral-motor coordination
neuropathologies
ankyloglossia

Explanation

Question 137 of 181

1

Speech samples of persons who clutter may contain such productions as “many
thinkle peep so.” This phenomenon is a

Select one of the following:

festinating articulation
spoonerism
dactylology
disassimilation
tachylalia

Explanation

Question 138 of 181

1

A 43-year-old high school football coach comes to you for an evaluation. He states that he has been hoarse for approximately 10 months. A subsequent medical evaluation reveals that he has bilateral lesions on the anterior third of the vocal fold. A nasoendoscopic evaluation confirms that the patient has developed

Select one of the following:

polyps
traumatic laryngitis
contact ulcers
vocal nodules
cysts

Explanation

Question 139 of 181

1

The disorders of the pharyngeal phase of swallow include

Select one of the following:

delayed or absent swallowing reflex
anterior instead of posterior movement of the tongue
reduced range of lateral and vertical tongue movement
difficulty in forming and holding the bolus
premature swallow and aspiration before swallow

Explanation

Question 140 of 181

1

In assessing a patient with swallowing disorders, you would

Select one of the following:

not be concerned about screening the patient for concrete and abstract language comprehension because it would provide irrelevant information
consider the correct positioning of the patient for certain procedures
restrict the patient’s foods choices to limit potential aspiration
not consider literacy skills because they are irrelevant to swallowing assessment
not consider the possibility of an ultrasound examination because you want to limit cost

Explanation

Question 141 of 181

1

A person who deciphers speech by looking at the face of the speaker and using
visual cues to understand what the speaker is saying is using a technique known as

Select one of the following:

cued speech
visual speech
speech reading
audiovisual speech
deaf speech

Explanation

Question 142 of 181

1

A clinician measured the dysfluency rates of a client from a speech sample. She
then asked another clinician to measure dysfluencies using the same method she had used. The first clinician calculated a reliability index based on her measure and that of the second clinician. This index is a measure of

Select one of the following:

interobserver agreement (or interobserver reliability)
concurrent validity of measures
intraobserver agreement
test–retest reliability
split-half reliability

Explanation

Question 143 of 181

1

A researcher is describing the speech of a group of children who have been
diagnosed as clutterers. She finds that the faster the children speak, the less intelligible they are. The researcher obtains a Pearson r correlational relationship of -.89. This shows that there is___________________ between rate of speech and intelligibility.

Select one of the following:

a strong negative correlational (or inverse) relationship
a positive correlational relationship
a moderate cause-and-effect relationship
a canonical correlational relationship
virtually no correlational relationship

Explanation

Question 144 of 181

1

Select the statement that applies to ethnographic studies.

Select one of the following:

They are mostly descriptive.
They are suitable for evaluating treatment effects.
They are well-established in speech–language pathology.
They are very inexpensive to conduct.
They are not appropriate for studying patterns of cultures.

Explanation

Question 145 of 181

1

A correlation coefficient

Select one of the following:

helps establish the effect of a variable
suggests the ways in which two variables are related to each other
allows researchers to make predictions about their subjects’ future behaviors
confirms a cause–effect relationship between two variables
helps researchers examine data retroactively

Explanation

Question 146 of 181

1

A client who stutters mentions to his speech–language pathologist that his social
life is limited. He states that “No one will talk to me because I stutter.” This is an example of the common defense mechanism known as

Select one of the following:

displacement
projection
repression
rationalization
suppression

Explanation

Question 147 of 181

1

A researcher places surface electrodes on both sides of the thyroid cartilage and
passes a high-frequency electric current between the electrodes. The patient is asked to phonate while the electric current is applied to the electrodes. This procedure is called

Select one of the following:

videostroboscopy
electroglottography
electromyography
laryngoscopy
endoscopy

Explanation

Question 148 of 181

1

If Abby has difficulty with homophonous pairs, she would have trouble
distinguishing between words like

Select one of the following:

bat–mat
trash–cash
horn–corn
show–row
pan–tan

Explanation

Question 149 of 181

1

He says sentences like “I ran to playground and my shoes got wet.” This sentence
has

Select one of the following:

9 words, 10 morphemes
9 words, 11 morphemes
9 words, 12 morphemes
9 words, 13 morphemes
9 words, 9 morphemes

Explanation

Question 150 of 181

1

The components of the vertebral column consists of

Select one of the following:

8 cervical, 10 thoracic, and 4 lumbar, 4 sacral, and 2–3 coccygeal (fused) vertebrae
9 cervical, 11 thoracic, and 3 lumbar, 7 sacral, and 5–6 coccygeal (fused) vertebrae
7 cervical, 12 thoracic, and 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 3–4 coccygeal (fused) vertebrae
10 cervical, 111 thoracic, and 6 lumbar, 6 sacral, and 4–5 coccygeal (fused) vertebrae
11 cervical, 11 thoracic, and 3 lumbar, 3 sacral, and 1–2 coccygeal (fused) vertebrae

Explanation

Question 151 of 181

1

The source-filter theory of speech production states that

Select one of the following:

the larynx filters the sound before the sound travels through the vocal tract
the resonating cavities of speech are the source of speech production
the oral cavity is the source of all English sounds
the nasal cavity is not important in speech production
the laryngeally produced sound is modified by the resonating cavities

Explanation

Question 152 of 181

1

Various arteries help supply blood to the face and the brain. Neurogenic
communication disorders are associated with interrupted blood supply to the brain. Of the following statements about the arteries that supply blood to the brain, which one is correct?

Select one of the following:

Internal carotid artery supplies the muscles of the face.
Damage to the external carotid artery causes aphasia.
Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area are supplied by the middle cerebral artery.
If an artery below the circle of Willis is blocked, the brain damage is maximal.
The anterior cerebral artery primarily supplies the occipital lobe.

Explanation

Question 153 of 181

1

Allophones

Select one of the following:

change word meanings
are not variations of phonemes
are not perceived as the same
may not vary from production to production
may vary from production to production

Explanation

Question 154 of 181

1

Consonants and vowels have certain distinct characteristics. Of the following
statements, which one accurately distinguishes the two classes of speech sounds?

Select one of the following:

Vowels form the nucleus of syllables, whereas consonants release and arrest syllables.
Consonants are syllabic, whereas vowels cannot stand alone to form syllables.
The vocal tract is constricted for vowel productions, whereas it is open for consonantal productions.
Consonants may be described in terms of distinctive features, whereas vowels cannot be so described.
Airflow is continuous for consonants, whereas the flow is constricted for vowels.

Explanation

Question 155 of 181

1

Dynamics of speech production involve several important concepts. Select the
statement that accurately describes one of the concepts of speech production dynamics.

Select one of the following:

Phonetic adaptations refer to the influence of adjacent sounds on speech sound production.
Assimilation refers to changes in vocal tract configurations.
Phonetic adaptations refer to the variations in articulatory movements and changes in vocal tract configurations.
Assimilation refers to the variations in articulatory movements.
Coarticulation is not related to assimilation or adaptation.

Explanation

Question 156 of 181

1

As you analyze a language sample, you find an utterance made by the child: “big
pizza.” This utterance is an example of which type of semantic relation?

Select one of the following:

Action + locative
Agent + action
Attribute + locative
Attribute + entity
Possession + attribute

Explanation

Question 157 of 181

1

As you analyze a child’s language sample, you find that she uses many instances of
recurrence. Which of the following is an example of recurrence?

Select one of the following:

“More juice”
“No milk”
“Yummy juice”
“Want cookie”
“Mommy’s cookie”

Explanation

Question 158 of 181

1

What would a child whose utterance contained an embedded form say?

Select one of the following:

“My dad drove me to school, and he dropped me off at the car-pool place.”
“Because I did my homework right after school, I got to play extra Game Boy.”
“My mom took away my cell phone because I didn’t get a good report card.”
“The teacher who gave a lot of homework wasn’t very popular.”
“We wanted to have a party; however, we had a school project to finish.”

Explanation

Question 159 of 181

1

A teacher has referred a second grader, Delanie, to you. As you assess Delanie’s
language, you see that she has difficulty with word endings. For example, she says things such as “My candy is tasty than yours” instead of “My candy is tastier than yours,” or “He was happy than she was” instead of “He was happier than she was.” Delanie is having difficulty specifically with which aspect of language?

Select one of the following:

Pragmatics
Emergent literacy
Semantics
Syntax
Morphology

Explanation

Question 160 of 181

1

You are working with Chad, a 10-year-old child who has a language impairment. The teacher tells you that other students get angry with Chad because he frequently says things such as “Gimme that pencil” and “Move your books over.” As a clinician, what will you focus on in therapy to help Chad get along better with others and have improved pragmatic skills?

Select one of the following:

Use of gerunds
Use of indirect requests
Use of complex sentences
Use of abstract adjectives
Use of derivational morphemes

Explanation

Question 161 of 181

1

A child being assessed for a possible language impairment says to you, “My dad
put my shoes on my feet before he drove me to school.” This sentence has shoes on my feet before he drove me to school.” This sentence has

Select one of the following:

14 words, 14 morphemes
14 words, 15 morphemes
14 words, 16 morphemes
14 words, 17 morphemes
14 words, 18 morphemes

Explanation

Question 162 of 181

1

As you evaluate the language of an eighth-grade boy, Derek, and listen to him talk about his hobbies and interests, he says things such as “I like to play football, and I also like Mario Cart Wii” and “My football team won the championship last Saturday; later, we celebrated at a pizza place.” What has Derek just used?

Select one of the following:

Compound sentences containing two independent clauses
Complex sentences containing two independent clauses
A compound and a complex sentence
Complex sentences containing two dependent clauses
Complex sentences containing an independent and a dependent clause

Explanation

Question 163 of 181

1

A mother brings her 4-year-old child, Aubrey, to you for an evaluation. She says that at preschool, children have difficulty understanding what Aubrey is saying. The preschool teachers are concerned because they think Aubrey “is behind in her pronunciation.” Your evaluation reveals that Aubrey does indeed need intervention, and you decide the most appropriate approach is a type of therapy based on metalinguistic awareness. In this therapy approach, you will help Aubrey improve her acquisition of rules of the phonological system. What will you be using?

Select one of the following:

McCabe and Bradley’s multiple phoneme approach
Metaphon therapy
McDonald’s sensory-motor approach
Baker and Ryan’s Monterey Articulation Program
Van Riper’s approach

Explanation

Question 164 of 181

1

You are working closely with an orthodontist who frequently refers children to your prívate practice. Many of these children have protrusion of the maxilla and retrusion of the mandible accompanied by a condition in which the upper teeth from the molars forward are positioned excessively anterior to the lower teeth. What do these children have?

Select one of the following:

A class I malocclusion accompanied by underjet
A class II malocclusion accompanied by underjet
A class III malocclusion accompanied by overjet
A class III malocclusion accompanied by underjet
A class II malocclusion accompanied by overjet

Explanation

Question 165 of 181

1

You find that a child you have evaluated uses a number of phonological processes. One of those processes is stopping. You know this when you hear the child make what substitutions?

Select one of the following:

du/zoo
kown/clown
bus/bush
wing/ring
tuhree/three

Explanation

Question 166 of 181

1

Sometimes specialists assess the lung volume of voice patients because breath
support is inadequate. Specialists can measure , or the total volume of air in the lungs; other measurements can include , or the amount of air inhaled and exhaled during a normal breathing cycle; and __, or the volume of air that the patient can exhale after a maximal inhalation.

Select one of the following:

total lung capacity, tidal volume, vital capacity
vital capacity, tidal capacity, total lung volume
vital capacity, total lung capacity, tidal volume
tidal volume, total lung capacity, vital volume
vital capacity, total lung volume, tidal volumen

Explanation

Question 167 of 181

1

What does the cover-body theory of phonation state?

Select one of the following:

The superficial layer of the lamina propria and much of the intermediate layer of the lamina propia vibrate as a “cover” on a relatively stationary “body,” which is made up of the remainder
of the intermediate layer, the deep layer, and the TA muscle.
The epithelium, the superficial layer of the lamina propria, and much of the intermediate layer of the lamina propria vibrate as a “cover” on a relatively stationary “body,” which is made up of
the remainder of the intermediate layer and the deep layer.
The epithelium, the superficial layer of the lamina propria, and much of the intermediate layer of the lamina propria vibrate as a “cover” on a relatively stationary “body,” which is made up of
the remainder of the intermediate layer, the deep layer, and the TA muscle.
The epithelium and much of the intermediate layer of the lamina propria vibrate as a “cover” on a relatively stationary “body,” which is made up of the remainder of the intermediate layer
and the TA muscle.
The epithelium, the deep layer of the lamina propria, and much of the superficial layer of the lamina propria vibrate as a “cover” on a relatively stationary “body,” which is made up of the
remainder of the superficial layer, the deep layer, and the TA muscle.

Explanation

Question 168 of 181

1

While working in a hospital setting, you are asked to evaluate a 70-year-old patient who has had a brainstem stroke. The medical records indicate that the patient has difficulty swallowing. When you conduct test swallow trials, you observe anterior tongue movements, food residue in the anterior and lateral sulcus, premature swallow, and reduced range of tongue elevation. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis you would make on this patient?

Select one of the following:

Predominantly a disorder of the oral phase
Predominantly a disorder of the pharyngeal phase
Predominantly a disorder of mastication
Predominantly a problem of delayed or absent swallowing reflex
Predominantly a problem of a tracheoesophageal fistula

Explanation

Question 169 of 181

1

You are watching an experienced clinician conduct swallowing therapy for a 68-
year-old woman with dysphagia. You note that the clinician teaches the patient to tilt her head forward while swallowing and to switch between liquid and semisolid swallows, and applies gentle pressure on one side of the thyroid cartilage during the swallow. This kind of treatment is appropriate for the disorders of which of the following phases?

Select one of the following:

The oral preparatory phase
The oral phase
The pharyngeal phase
The esophageal phase
The oral-esophageal phase

Explanation

Question 170 of 181

1

Which one of the following is a homophenous pair?

Select one of the following:

ship–rip
bean–mean
pine–vine
honey–money
let–vet

Explanation

Question 171 of 181

1

A researcher teaches a new book-reading program to caregivers of low-income
children and evaluates the language skills of the children before the implementation of the program and one year later. The researcher’s goal is to evaluate whether there is a relationship betweencaregivers’ implementation of the program and children’s growth in language skills. The researcher finds that there is an r = .13 correlational relationship between caregivers’ reported implementation of the program and children’s language skills. What can the researcher safely conclude?

Select one of the following:

There is a mildly significant cause-and-effect relationship between the caregivers’ implementation of the program and children’s language skills.
There is a strong negative correlation between the caregivers’ implementation of the program and children’s language skills.
There is a moderately significant cause-and-effect relationship between the caregivers’ implementation of the program and children’s language skills.
There is no significant relationship between the caregivers’ implementation of the program and children’s language skills.
There is a strong positive correlation between the caregivers’ implementation of the program and children’s language skills.

Explanation

Question 172 of 181

1

A hospital-based speech–language pathologist is serving increasing numbers of
patients with Parkinson’s disease. This clinician, Jason, works to help his patients
increase their intelligibility. One way that Jason evaluates the success of the therapy he provides for these patients is to rate their overall intelligibility of speech before and after they participate in 10 weeks of articulation and voice therapy. He finds that the patients appreciate these before-and-after measures of their progress. However, after seeing a number of patients with Parkinson’s disease, Jason realizes that a potential problem with his before-and-after intelligibility ratings is that he has become accustomed to the patients’ speech as he has gotten to know them, and this could be affecting the “after” intelligibility rating. Jason goes to a local university and selects four speech–language
pathology graduate students to watch before-and-after videos of his patients and independently rate each patient’s intelligibility. He finds that, happily, the four students’ ratings of the same patients vary little. For example, Student A rates Patient 1 as “90% intelligible after 10 weeks of therapy;” Student B rates Patient 1 as “92% intelligible,” and Students C and D rate this same patient as “88% intelligible.” In this situation, what can one conclude?

Select one of the following:

There is low interjudge reliability.
There is high interjudge reliability.
There is moderate interjudge reliability.
There is low intrajudge reliability.
There is high intrajudge reliability.

Explanation

Question 173 of 181

1

You have been asked to give an in-service to a group of students who wish to
eventually specialize in service delivery to children with cleft palates and their families. The students want to know detailed information about in utero development of the hard and soft palate (among other things). You can accurately tell them that in utero the hard palate fuses between which developmental ages?

Select one of the following:

1–2 weeks
4–6 weeks
8–9 weeks
10–12 weeks
14–18 weeks

Explanation

Question 174 of 181

1

ASHA (American Speech-Language-Hearing Association) regulates professional
practice in speech–language pathology and audiology by specifying the scope of
practice. According to the existing scope-of-practice documents, which of the following statements is false?

Select one of the following:

ASHA does not allow infant feeding by speech–language pathologists (SLPs).
Memory and such other cognitive aspects of communication disorders are within the SLP’s scope of practice.
SLPs should not treat esophageal-phase swallowing disorders.
Counseling is not just the province of psychologists; SLPs, too, can counsel their clients.
Sensory awareness training related to swallowing disorders is within the SLP’s scope of practice.

Explanation

Question 175 of 181

1

The Health Insurance and Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) passed by the U.S. Congress mandates certain rules that all health professionals must follow. Of the following statements regarding HIPAA, select the one that is correct.

Select one of the following:

Consumers who think their privacy may have been violated by a medical provider can complain only to the provider in question.
The law (HIPAA) does not provide for civil or criminal penalties for facilities that misuse patient information.
HIPAA regulations apply to hospitals and medical doctors, not to other allied health professionals.
HIPAA regulations do not cover electronically transmitted medical records of patients.
Medical information about a patient may be shared by other professionals who serve the same patient, but it cannot be released for purposes unrelated to the care of the patient.

Explanation

Question 176 of 181

1

A clinician in a private practice is approached by the parents of Cole, a 5-year-old
boy. They want to place Cole in kindergarten in the fall, but they share that “we know there’s something wrong with him; we’re just not sure what.” According to Cole’s parents, he is a “sweet, lovable boy who will go to anybody. He likes to sing a lot, too.” Because the parents live in a rural area, health-care access has been limited. After seeing Cole for the first time, the clinician refers his parents to a neurologist because she suspects that Cole has a syndrome. Cole is small for his age and has an elfin-like appearance characterized by a small chin, turned-up nose, puffiness around the eyes, a long upper lip, and a wide mouth. Cole’s teeth are small and widely spaced. What does the clinician suspect that Cole has?

Select one of the following:

Hurler syndrome
Apert syndrome
Moebius syndrome
Cri du chat syndrome
Williams síndrome

Explanation

Question 177 of 181

1

Before an SLP initiates voice intervention, it is most important that the SLP
gather information about the

Select one of the following:

cause of the client’s voice problem
client’s breathing patterns
client’s oral motor skills
fundamental frequency of the client’s laryngeal tone

Explanation

Question 178 of 181

1

A child with discourse problems is most likely to need remediation directed at
which of the following?

Select one of the following:

Morphology
An initial lexicon
Gestural communication
Cohesive devices

Explanation

Question 179 of 181

1

The sensorimotor integration of the muscles of the lower face depends on
which two of the cranial nerves?

Select one of the following:

The accessory and hypoglossal
The trigeminal and facial
The vagus and glossopharyngeal
The phrenic and facial

Explanation

Question 180 of 181

1

A 42-year-old client with upper-and lower-extremity weakness and a diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is referred for a speech-language evaluation. The
evaluation reveals a progressive severe dysarthria that is characterized by
imprecise articulation secondary to bilateral facial and lingual weakness, atrophy, and fasciculations; mild-to-moderate hypernasality and weak pressure consonants with associated nasal emission during speech; and strained, harsh, groaning voice quality with occasional inhalatory stridor. Speech intelligibility is poor. Which of the following will most effectively improve this client’s ability to communicate?

Select one of the following:

Teflon injection into one or both vocal cords
Palatal-lift prosthesis
Amplification device
Augmentative communication system

Explanation

Question 181 of 181

1

An SLP sees a college-educated 22-year-old man who has sustained a brain
injury as a result of a motor vehicle accident eighteen months earlier. The man was unconscious for five days and had posttraumatic amnesia for three months. In the last year he has held three unskilled jobs, from which he was released for
unspecified reasons. Based on the information given, the man’s most pervasive
condition is most likely impaired

Select one of the following:

visual construction
attention and memory
speech
language

	Created by juanse1903 almost 9 years ago

Teste Praxis Paola - Diseñado solo para propósito educativo

Question 1 of 181

Which of the following should be the primary focus of early language intervention for at-risk infants?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 2 of 181

Primary motor innervation to the larynx and velum is provided by which cranial nerve?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 3 of 181

Federal laws regarding freedom of access to information stipulate that client records kept or written by health care professionals can be

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 4 of 181

The speech reception threshold (SRT) is a basic component of an evaluation of hearing function. Which of the following statements about the SRT is most accurate?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 5 of 181

A clinician who employs active listening is doing which of the following?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 6 of 181

Which of the following is the best action to take initially with a client who presents with poor oral control of liquids and solids, coughing and choking while eating and drinking, and a history of hospitalizations associated with pneumonia?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 7 of 181

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 8 of 181

A client exhibits weakness, atrophy, and fasciculations of the right side of the tongue and lower face. The client also has right vocal-fold weakness and nasal regurgitation of fluid when swallowing. These problems are the result of damage to which part of the nervous system?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 9 of 181

A child exhibits the following production errors. w/r θ/s t/ʃ t/tʃ z/dʒ t/k d/g If a target sound for initial intervention is to be selected on the basis of established developmental norms, then that sound will be

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 10 of 181

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 11 of 181

Which of the following views make up a standard videofluoroscopic swallow study? Select all that apply.

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 12 of 181

Hearing loss in infants who are born with a cleft palate is usually related to which of the following?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 13 of 181

Children diagnosed as having specific language impairments are likely to exhibit the greatest deficits in which of the following?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 14 of 181

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 15 of 181

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 16 of 181

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 17 of 181

Which of the following is the most important acoustic cue that distinguishes between an unreleased final /p/ and an unreleased final /b/, as in “cap” versus “cab”?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 18 of 181

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 19 of 181

Immediately following removal of a benign tumor from the base of the brain, a 76-year-old client exhibits severe nasalization and a weak, breathy voice. A fourmonth postsurgical assessment reveals no improvement. At this time, the remediation strategy for this client should focus on

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 20 of 181

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 21 of 181

Which of the following procedures would be effective in remediating a falsetto voice for an adult male with a severe bilateral hearing loss?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 22 of 181

Which of the following should be the primary focus of early language intervention
for at-risk infants?

Primary motor innervation to the larynx and velum is provided by which cranial
nerve?

Federal laws regarding freedom of access to information stipulate that client
records kept or written by health care professionals can be

The speech reception threshold (SRT) is a basic component of an evaluation of
hearing function. Which of the following statements about the SRT is most accurate?

Which of the following is the best action to take initially with a client who presents
with poor oral control of liquids and solids, coughing and choking while eating and
drinking, and a history of hospitalizations associated with pneumonia?

A client exhibits weakness, atrophy, and fasciculations of the right side of the
tongue and lower face. The client also has right vocal-fold weakness and nasal
regurgitation of fluid when swallowing. These problems are the result of damage to which part of the nervous system?

A child exhibits the following production errors.
w/r
θ/s
t/ʃ
t/tʃ
z/dʒ
t/k
d/g
If a target sound for initial intervention is to be selected on the basis of established developmental norms, then that sound will be

Which of the following views make up a standard videofluoroscopic swallow study?
Select all that apply.

Hearing loss in infants who are born with a cleft palate is usually related to which
of the following?

Children diagnosed as having specific language impairments are likely to exhibit
the greatest deficits in which of the following?

Which of the following is the most important acoustic cue that distinguishes
between an unreleased final /p/ and an unreleased final /b/, as in “cap” versus “cab”?

Immediately following removal of a benign tumor from the base of the brain, a
76-year-old client exhibits severe nasalization and a weak, breathy voice. A fourmonth postsurgical assessment reveals no improvement. At this time, the remediation strategy for this client should focus on

A prospective client is described as a man in his forties who is under chronic
stress. He uses his voice extensively in daily life has a hard-driving personality, and
exhibits glottal fry. The client has the classic profile of a person at high risk for

For which individual would a recommendation for an augmentative and
alternative communication (AAC) intervention be least appropriate?

Which of the following describes an important diagnostic distinction between
apraxia of speech and dysarthria?

Naturalistic teaching chiefly involves which of the following? Enseñanza naturalista
implica fundamentalmente cuál de las siguientes?

Which of the following muscles produces the opposing action to those that
produce velopharyngeal closure?

Which of the following types of cerebral palsy is characterized by slow, arrhythmic
writhing and involuntary movements of the extremities?

In the treatment of voice disorders, the chewing technique is used to do which
of the following?

An SLP is planning treatment for a 5-year-old child with multiple speechproduction
errors. The most effective strategy the clinician can use to treat the child is to

A 6-year-old child produces [t] for /s/, [d] for /z/, [p] for /f/, and [b] for /v/.
Intervention for this problem would target language at the level of

A correct-response rate of 51 percent on a two-choice picture-pointing task
would most likely indicate which of the following?