Adenohypophysis derives from the ectoderm of the primary oral cavity
There are three parts in the adenohypophysis
Lobus pyramidalis is not an obligatory part of the thyroid gland.
Acidophilic cells constitute 30-40% of the cell composition of adenohypophysis
The islets of Langerhans are mostly located in the head of pancreas
Secretion of Langerhans' island cells regulated by the adenohypophysis.
Gonadotrpoic cells refer to the acidophilis cells of adenohypophysis
Calcitonin and parathormone have antagonistic function
Parafollicular cells have mesoblastic origin.
The function of parathormone cells is regulated from adenohypophysis
The cells of the zona reticularis of the adrenal gland produce aldosterone
The cells of zona glomerulosa in suprarental gland are functionally related with the juxtaglomerular apparatus of the kidney.
Secretory cells in epiphysis are pituicytes
There are two lobes in the thyroid gland
Iodine is needed for the synthesis of the parafollicular hormone
Melatonin is secreted by the cells of epiphysis
Mitochondria with turbo-vesicular folds are characteristic for the cells of the gland:
Cortex of suprarenal gland
Medulla of suprarenal gland
Thyroid gland
Adenohypophysis
What kind are the capillaries of the hypophysis?
Non continuous
Fenestrative
Continuous
All 3 kinds
The hormones of neurohypophysis are produced from cells located in:
Neurohypophysis
Anterior nucleus of hypothalamus
Medial nucleus
Infundibulum
In the chromophilic cells of adenohypophysis are stained with different staining:
Mitochondria
Granules
Plasmalema
Golgi apparatus
For which gland adenohypophysis does not secrete hormones?
Ovary
Mammary gland
Parathyroid gland
Herring bodies are:
Structure of pituicytes
Vescicles with hormone, found in the terminal part of the axon of the neurosecretory cells Dilated Blood Sinuses
Granules in chromophilic cells
In normal function of the thyroid gland, thyrocytes in follicles are:
Squamous
Cuboidal
Cylindrical
Flattened
Indicated how the cells of the cortex of suprarenal gland are called:
Chromaffin
Adrenocorticocytes
Pituicytes
Pinealocytes
Pituicytes are cells in:
Epiphiss
The cells of the APUD system are:
Basophilic
Acidophilic
Argentophilic
Sudanophilic
Tubulovesicular mitochondria are typical for:
The cells of the adrenal gland cortex
C cells of the thyroid gland
Thyrocytes
The cells of the adrenal gland cortex are:
Chromaphin
Insulin is produced by:
A-Cells of the langerhans islets
B-Cells of the Langerhans islets
C-Cells are in:
Adrenal gland
The epithelium of the thyroid follicle in hypofunction is:
Flatten
Parafollicular cells of thyroid gland have:
Ectoblastic Origin
Mesoblastic Origin
Endoblastic Origin
Mesenchymal Origin
For endocrine glands is characteristic:
Pour their secretion into the cavities
Rich network of fenestrated capillaries
Originate only from the ectoblast
Participate in the humoral regulation of vital functions
For the basophilic cells of the adenohypophysis is characteristic
Regulate the synthesis and secretion of triiodothyronine and thyroxine
Contain granules stained with basic dyes
Consist of 50% of all the cells of adenohypophysis
Secrete steroid hormones
Functionally they are separated to 3 kinds
For the thyroid gland is characteristic:
Follicles as the main structural unit
2 kinds of secretory cells
The function of parafollicular cells is independant from the hormones of adenohypophysis
The hormone of parafollicular cells is tetraiodothyronin
Has endoblastic origin
For the follicular cells of the thyroid gland-thyrocytes is characteristic:
Synthesize and secrete calcitonin
Organised in groups with connective tissue between the follicles
They have double secretion
They have cuboid shape and oval nuclei
They can transform iodide ions to iodine
For the cortex of the suprarenal gland is characteristic:
Separated to 3 zones
Cells with mitochondria with cristae from tubulo-vesicular type and lipid inclusions
Cells of zona glomerulosa form strands reaching the medulla of the gland
Regular for the synthesis and secretion of glucocorticoids is the system renin-angiotensin-aldosterone.
Cells of zona fasciculata produce a great amount of vitamin C
For the medulla of the suprarenal gland is characteristic:
Divide into 3 zones
Orginates from ectoblast
Cells with an affinity to chromium salts and called Chromafin
Cells with mitochondria with cristae from tubular-vesicular type and lipids
Secrete hormones originating from dopamine
For the cells of the reticular zone of the adrenal gland is characteristic:
Peripherally located directly below the capsule
Synthesize glycocorticoid hormones
Their function is controlled by the adrenocortiotropic hormone
Arranged in strands that form a network
Have affinity with chromium salts
For the endocrine part of the pancreas (Islets of Langerhans) is characteristic:
Arranged in the follicles
Four types of basic secretory cells
The islets are mostly located in the pancreatic head
B-Cells are located in the islets
Secretion is regulated by hormones of the adenohypophysis
For cells of the APUD-system is characteristic:
Neuroectodermal Origin
Available only in the organs of the digestive system
Producing polypeptide hormones and biogenic amines
Depending on the pituitary hormones
Affinity for silver and chromium salts
For the epiphysis is characteristic:
Belongs structurally to the hypothalamus
There are two different types of secretory cells
It is called the pineal gland
Released peptide hormones and biogenic amines
A gonadotropic action
The testis has two margins; Margo medialis and margo lateralis
The epithelium of ductus epididymis is multistratified cylindrical.
The tunica muscularis of ductus deferens is made of two layers smooth muscle tissue
The epithelium of the vagina is multi stratified squamous keratinizing
Progesterone is secreted by the Graaf's follicule in the overium.
Lig. ovarii proprium is a part of the supporting apparatus of the ovarium
Ductus deferens is an element of spermatic cord (funiculus spermaticus)
Mediastinum testis is a part of the parenchyma of the testis
The widest part of the oviduct is the ampulla
The uterus is a hollow muscle organ
Prostate produces male sex hormones
The ovary is situated in excavatio rectouterina
Which of the following structures opens into the prostatic sinus?
Prostatic utricle
Ejaculatory ducts
Prostatic ductules
Seminal vesicles
Bullbourethral glands
The paraurethral glands open into which of the following structures?
Near the external urethral orifice
In the neck of the bladder
In the prostatic utricle
In the seminal colliculus
In the ejaculatory ducts
All of the following statements concerning the ductus deferens are correct are correct EXCEPT:
It begins in the head of the epididymis
It ascends in the spermatic cord
It passes through the inguinal canal
It joins the duct of the seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory duct.
It descends medial to the ureter and seminal vesicle
All of the following statements concerning the seminal vesicles are correct EXCEPT:
The peritoneum of the rectovesical pouch separates the superior ends of the seminal vesicles from the rectum.,
They do not store sperm.
They are elongated structures the lie between the fundus of the bladder and the rectum
The inferior ends of the seminal vesicles are separated from the rectum by the rectovesical septum
Bulbourethral gland empty into the seminal vesicles
All of the folllowing statements concerning the uterus are correct EXCEPT:
It is anteverted
It is anteflexed
The position of the uterus is fixed
It is divisible into main parts
The body of the uterus lies between the layers of the broad ligament.
Which of the following parts of uterus protrudes into the uppermost vagina?
Round ligament
Body
Fundus
Isthmus
Cervix
The rounded vaginal part of the cervix extends into the vagina and communicates with it through which of the following structures?
Uterine tubes
External os
Ureter
Urethra
Internal os
Laterally, the peritoneum of the broad ligament is prolonged superiorly over the ovarain vessels as which of the following structures?
Mesovarium
Mesosalpinx
Mesometrium
Suspensory
Suspensory ligament of the ovary
Transverse cervical (cardinal) ligaments
The oocytes expelled from the ovaries usaully are fertilized in which of the following areas of the uterine tubes?
Ampulla
Uterine
Fimbria
The navicular fossa is located in which of the following structures?
Glans penis
Prostate
Bladder
Seminal vesicle
Expanded in the clitoris
The space between the labia minora, the vestibule, contains all of the following structures EXCEPT
Urethral opening
Opening of the vagina
Ducts of the greater vestibular glands
Ducts of the lesser vestibular glands
Bulbs of the vestibule
Each of the following statements relating to the labia minora is correct EXCEPT
They are folds of fat
They are hairless
They are enclosed in the pudendal cleft within the labia majora
They have a core of spongy connective tissue containing erectile tissue
They contain many sebaceous glands and sensory nerve endings
Parasympathetic stimulation in the female produces which of the following ?
Decreased vaginal secretions
Engorgement of erectile tissue in the bulbs of the vestibule
Engorgement of the greater vestibular gland
Decrease in size of the clitoris
The clitoris becomes flaccid
The paramesonephric ducts in the male degenerate except for which of the following structures?
Efferent ductules of the testis
Appendix testis
Ductus epididymis
Ductus deferens
The only parts remaining from the mesonephric system in the female include which of the following structures?
Fimbriae
Epoophoron
Uterus
The vaginal fornices are derived from which of the following structures?
Paramesonephric duct
Mesonephric ducts
Ectodermal duct
Sinovaginal bulbs
Urogenital sinus
Rapid elongation of the genital tubercle in the male gives rise to which of the following structures?
Testes
Scrotum
Phallus
Epididymis
The scrotum arises from which of the following structures?
Paramesonephric
Urethral folds
Cloacal fold
Genital swellings
The clitoris is derived from which of the following structures?
Urogenital groove
Genital tubercle
Which of the following structures give rise to the labia minora?
Which of the following structures extends into labia majora?
Ligament of the ovary proper
Processus vaginalis
Round ligament of the uterus
Uterine tube
Which of the following structures is the largest accessory gland of the male reproductive system?
Tetes
Bulbourethral glands
The mesosalpinx forms the mesentery for which of the following structures?
Small intestine
Distally the corpus spongiosum expands to form which of the following structures?
Bulb of the penis
Clitoris
Vestibule
Crura of the penis
The term vulva is synonymous with which of the following structures?
Mons pubis
Labia majora
Pudendum
Which of the following structures may be refferred to as the fourchette?
Prepuce of the clitoris
Frenulum of the labia minora
Vestibule of the vagina
Glans clitoris
The lesser vestibular glands open into which of the following structures?
Vestibule between the urethral and vaginal orifices
Vestibule on each side of the vaginal orifice
Bulbourethral ducts
Which of the following structures is incised during median episiotomy for childbirth?
Perineal body
Greater vestibular glands
Lesser vestibular glands
The membranous part of the male urethra is located in which of the following structures?
External urethral sphinter
Bulb of penis
The paraurethral glands are homologues to which of the following structures?
Which of the following areas contributes to the major part of the prostate?
Anterior lobe
Posterior lobe
Lateral lobe
Middle Lobe
All of the following structures surrond the corpora cavernosa and corpus spondiosum EXCEPT
Loose areolar tissue
Deep fascia
Tunica albuginea
Skin
Tunica dartos
The superior end of the vagina surrounds which of the following structures?
Urogenital hiatus
Neck of bladder
Which of the following structures forms the mesentary of the uterus?
Pelvic diaphragm
Endopelvic fascia
Which of the pointed out elements cannot be associated with the sertoli cells:
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Mitochondria with tubular cristae
Numerous junctions with the neighbouring cells
Phagocytosis of degenerated germ cells
Which of the cells do not participate in the hemo-testicular barrier:
Sertoli cells
Leidig cells
Peritubular myofibroblasts
Endothelial cells
The secret of vesiculae seminales is rich of:
Citric acid
Acid phosphatase
Frustose
Lipids
The epithelium of the uterus is:
Unistratified cylindrical
Henle' epithelium
The epithelium of the ductus epididymis is:
Two layers of cylindrical cells with streocilia
Corpus luteum is:
Endocrine organ
Supporting structure
Growing follicule
The epithelium of ductus epididymidis is:
Flatten epithelium
Cuboidal epithelium
Two layers of cells with stereocillia
Columnar epithelium
The prostatic glands in adults are:
Tubulous
Acinous
Tubulo-acinous
Which of the following parts of the male urethra is the widest and most dilatable?
Proprostatic
Prostatic
Membranous
Spongy
External urethral meatus
Testosterone is:
Protein hormone
Steroid hormone
Glucoprotein hormone
The elements of the blood-testis barrier are:
Endothelial cells of the blood capillaries
Lamina basalis of the blood capillaries
Lamina basalis of the seminiferous tubules
Podocytes
Lamina propria of the seminiferous tubules
Typical for the ovarium is:
Facies medialis and facies lateralis
Mesovarium is part of the supporting aparatus
Pair organ
Stroma of follicles
Cytogenic and endocrine function
Typical for the prostate is:
Stores spermatozoa
Secreted testosterone
Has basic, apex and three surfaces
Makes folds
The epithelium of the glands is cylindrical
Typical for the testis is:
Follicles
Tubuli seminiferi contorti
Typical for the vesicula seminalis is:
Secrete acidic phosphatase
Three layers of the wall
Located medially of ampulla ductus deferentis
Outer layer is advetitia
The posterior fornix is the deepest part of which of the following structures?
Urinary Bladder
Vagina
Deep perineal space
The distal end of the ovary connects to the lateral wall of the pelvis by which of the following structures?
Ligament of the ovary
Transverse cervical ligament
Lateral cervical ligament