SARAH DE MELLO
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SARAH DE MELLO
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Environmental Geography Exam 2

Question 1 of 50

1

Which of the following climate zones would be described as not extreme, with four seasons?

Select one of the following:

  • polar

  • tundra

  • temperate

  • tropical

  • rain forests

Explanation

Question 2 of 50

1

Which of the following is a local area's short-term temperature, precipitation, and humidity?

Select one of the following:

  • climate

  • weather

  • biomes

  • ecosystems

  • currents

Explanation

Question 3 of 50

1

Where does the largest input of solar energy occur?

Select one of the following:

  • north pole

  • south pole

  • 30 degrees north

  • 30 degrees south

  • equator

Explanation

Question 4 of 50

1

Prevailing winds are the result of what?

Select one of the following:

  • temperature

  • direction the sun strikes the earth

  • rotation of the earth on its axis

  • ocean currents

  • sun storms

Explanation

Question 5 of 50

1

Which of the following statements about oceans is not true?

Select one of the following:

  • ocean currents redistribute heat from the sun

  • most of the heat absorbed by the ocean air is absorbed in tropical waters

  • irregularly shaped continents cause currents to flow in circular patterns

  • differences in density of warm and cold seawater set up warm and cold currents

  • oceans currents flow counter-clockwise in the northern hemisphere

Explanation

Question 6 of 50

1

Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

Select one of the following:

  • carbon monoxide

  • water vapor

  • carbon dioxide

  • methane

  • nitrous oxide

Explanation

Question 7 of 50

1

The term greenhouse effect describes

Select one of the following:

  • occupational diseases of florists

  • the trapping of heat energy by molecules in the atmosphere

  • the effect climate change had on the economy

  • the efforts of the White House to support environmental legislation

  • mutations in DNA from UV radiation

Explanation

Question 8 of 50

1

Scientists expect human-enhanced global warming to do all of the following except

Select one of the following:

  • alter precipitation patterns

  • shift areas where we can grow crops

  • raise average sea levels

  • lower sea levels

  • shift areas where plants and animals can be found

Explanation

Question 9 of 50

1

The rain shadow effect refers to

Select one of the following:

  • more light on the windward side of mountain ranges

  • more moisture on the leeward side of mountain ranges

  • moister conditions on the windward side of mountain ranges

  • drier conditions on the windward side of mountain ranges

  • less light available on the leeward side of mountain ranges

Explanation

Question 10 of 50

1

Large terrestrial regions with similar characteristics are

Select one of the following:

  • ecosystems

  • communities

  • populations

  • habitats

  • biomes

Explanation

Question 11 of 50

1

The most important factor in determining which biome is found in a particular area is

Select one of the following:

  • soil type

  • topography

  • magnetic fields

  • climate

  • tidal activity

Explanation

Question 12 of 50

1

Biomes are characterized by certain types of

Select one of the following:

  • light and temperature

  • climate and light

  • light and climate

  • climate and dominant plant life

  • dominant plant life and temperature

Explanation

Question 13 of 50

1

Which of the following is the primary limiting factor that controls the vegetative character of a biome?

Select one of the following:

  • light

  • precipitation

  • nutrients

  • soil type

  • predation

Explanation

Question 14 of 50

1

Which of the following is not an adaptation of desert plants for their environment?

Select one of the following:

  • toxins in their stems to discourage being eaten

  • spines to discourage animals from taking their water

  • opening their pores only at night to prevent evaporation

  • store water in expandable tissues

  • reduced or no leaves

Explanation

Question 15 of 50

1

Which type of desert would have high daytime temperatures in summer, low temperatures in winter, and moderate precipitation?

Select one of the following:

  • tropical deserts

  • cold deserts

  • Gobi desert

  • temperate deserts

  • Sahara desert

Explanation

Question 16 of 50

1

"Widely scattered clumps of trees, warm temperatures year-round, alternating dry and wet seasons, with herds of herbivores" are the characteristics of which of the following?

Select one of the following:

  • tall-grass prairie

  • tundra

  • short-grass prairie

  • temperate grasslan

  • savanna

Explanation

Question 17 of 50

1

Which of the following is not true of prairies?

Select one of the following:

  • wind blows almost continuously

  • evaporation is rapid

  • fires in summer and fall are common

  • prairies are typical of coastal regions of continents

  • tree growth is hindered by fires and wind

Explanation

Question 18 of 50

1

Treeless, bitterly cold most of the year, winters are long and dark, low-growing plants, and permafrost are the characteristics of which of the following?

Select one of the following:

  • tall-grass pairie

  • tundra

  • short-grass prairie

  • temperate grassland

  • savanna

Explanation

Question 19 of 50

1

On a visit to a Natural History museum you are shown a burrow-dwelling small animal with thick fur. You predict the animal came from the

Select one of the following:

  • temperate grasslands

  • desert

  • artic tundra

  • tropical forest

  • taiga

Explanation

Question 20 of 50

1

Thick, spongy mats of low-growing plants, primarily grasses, mosses, and lichens, are typical of the

Select one of the following:

  • artic tundra

  • coniferous forest

  • tall-grass prairies

  • tropical forests

  • taiga

Explanation

Question 21 of 50

1

Which of the following is the big disadvantage of living in a chaparral region?

Select one of the following:

  • too much rain

  • fire hazard

  • too little rain

  • too many venomous snakes

  • bothersome rodent populations

Explanation

Question 22 of 50

1

Tropical rain forests are not good for clearing to grow crops or animals, primarily because they are low in which of the following?

Select one of the following:

  • rainfall

  • temperature

  • light

  • soil nutrients

  • wind

Explanation

Question 23 of 50

1

Trees of the tropical rainforest are characterized by leaves that are

Select one of the following:

  • needlelike

  • broadleaf and fall seasonally

  • needlelike and fall seasonally

  • needlelike and evergreen

  • broadleaf and evergreen

Explanation

Question 24 of 50

1

Which of the following would not be true of a tropical rain forest?

Select one of the following:

  • low net primary productivity

  • little ground level vegetation

  • low levels of ground level sunlight

  • high biodiversity

  • high humidity

Explanation

Question 25 of 50

1

Which of the following about temperate deciduous forests is false?

Select one of the following:

  • average temperature change significantly with the seasons

  • they are predominantly a few broadleaf deciduous tree species

  • areas cleared of trees can return to forest in 100-200 years

  • they have nutrient-poor soil

  • precipitation often spreads relatively evenly throughout the year

Explanation

Question 26 of 50

1

Which of the following biomes has been most disturbed by human activities?

Select one of the following:

  • tundra

  • tropical rain forest

  • coniferous forest

  • temperate deciduous forest

  • taiga

Explanation

Question 27 of 50

1

Which of the following would be described as having ample rainfall or moisture from fog, with large conifers such as Sitka spruce and Douglas fir?

Select one of the following:

  • temperate rain forest

  • temperate deciduous forest

  • tropical rainforest

  • chaparral

  • taiga

Explanation

Question 28 of 50

1

If you are walking through a forest dense with oak and hickory trees and thick with leaf litter underfoot, you would assume you are in a

Select one of the following:

  • tropical savanna

  • temperate deciduous forest

  • tropical rain forest

  • temperate rain forest

  • coniferous forest

Explanation

Question 29 of 50

1

Which of the following best describes the earth's average surface temperature for the past 900,000 years?

Select one of the following:

  • a steady warming trend

  • fairly steady temperatures until recently

  • prolonged periods of cooling and warming

  • fairly steady with occasional cool spells

  • fairly steady with a recent cooling trend

Explanation

Question 30 of 50

1

The earth’s lower atmosphere is composed of all of the following greenhouse gases, except

Select one of the following:

  • ozone

  • carbon dioxide

  • water vapor

  • methane

  • nitrous oxide

Explanation

Question 31 of 50

1

Climate models predict that global warming will be most severe in which regions?

Select one of the following:

  • Australia

  • North America

  • Polar regions

  • Africa

  • Euro-Asia

Explanation

Question 32 of 50

1

The predicted rise in sea levels during the 21st Century will likely cause all of the following results, except

Select one of the following:

  • saltwater contamination of coastal freshwater aquifers

  • flooding of some of the world's largest coastal cities, including New York

  • flooding of low-lying barrier islands and gently sloping coastlines

  • replenishment of many coastal fisheries

  • destruction of many coastal estuaries, wetlands, and coral reefs

Explanation

Question 33 of 50

1

Following is a list of possible climate change tipping points, except for one. Choose the one that is not a tipping point.

Select one of the following:

  • atmospheric level of 450 ppm

  • collapse and melting of the Greenland ice sheet

  • expansion of Amazon rainforest

  • massive release of methane from Arctic permafrost

  • sharp drop in the ability of the oceans to absorb carbon dioxide

Explanation

Question 34 of 50

1

The atmospheric zone where most weather events occur is the

Select one of the following:

  • stratosphere

  • toposphere

  • mesosphere

  • stratopause

Explanation

Question 35 of 50

1

The ozone hole that causes concern among scientists and the public is an ozone depletion in the

Select one of the following:

  • toposphere

  • thermosphere

  • straosphere

  • mesosphere

Explanation

Question 36 of 50

1

Albedo is a term describing the Earth’s

Select one of the following:

  • reflection of solar radiation

  • refraction of energy

  • production of radiant heat

  • outgoing infrared energy

Explanation

Question 37 of 50

1

The phenomenom causing the greehouse effect is that ________ in the lower atmosphere selectively absorbs reradiated _____________ radiation.

Select one of the following:

  • ozone; visible light

  • carbon dioxide; methane and other gases; infrared (heat)

  • carbon dioxide; ultraviolet

  • methane; insolation

Explanation

Question 38 of 50

1

Convection currents in the atmosphere are driven by

Select one of the following:

  • the jet stream dipping down into the troposphere

  • the different temperatures and densities of warm and cold air masses

  • bursts of energy emitted by the ionsphere

  • the surface winds, which in turn are influenced by the Coriolis effect

Explanation

Question 39 of 50

1

A band of deserts rings the Earth at about 30 degrees north and south latitude because these are regions of

Select one of the following:

  • ascending, colling air

  • rising hot air

  • the Earth's most intense solar energy

  • descending, warming air

Explanation

Question 40 of 50

1

As a cold front advances, the warm air is forced to

Select one of the following:

  • rise, become warmer and absorb more moisture

  • go under the mass of cold air

  • fall, condense and lose its moisture

  • rise, cool and release its moisture

Explanation

Question 41 of 50

1

Milankovitch cycles involve the periodic _____________ and could be responsible for ________climate changes.

Select one of the following:

  • convection currents in the lower atmosphere; drastic

  • summer/winter seasonality on the Earth; gradual

  • wobbling of the earth's axis and orbital shirts; cyclic

  • seasons; daily

Explanation

Question 42 of 50

1

When El Nino occurs every three to five years, a mass of warm Pacific water that is usually pushed westward by the trade winds

Select one of the following:

  • surges back eastward toward South America

  • Becomes much warmer than usual, strengthening trade winds

  • cools dramatically

  • surges northwards toward Japan

Explanation

Question 43 of 50

1

Why don’t storms over land have as much energy as storms over oceans?

Select one of the following:

  • convection currents are intensified by the latent energy of warm dry air

  • convection currents are intensified by the latent energy of condensation

  • high pressure cells are more common over oceans

  • there aren't as many low-pressure systems over land

Explanation

Question 44 of 50

1

Monsoons occur over India when air heated over the Indian subcontinent and the Indian Ocean

Select one of the following:

  • is forced to rise because of convection

  • is forced to rise when it meets the Himalayas

  • begins to sink as summer approaches

  • is forced out over the Indian Ocean

Explanation

Question 45 of 50

1

Location of specific biomes can be predicted based on

Select one of the following:

  • the Coriolis effect

  • precipitation and temperature

  • seasonal variations in sunspots

  • large landforms in the area

Explanation

Question 46 of 50

1

The growth in the Taiga is limited by

Select one of the following:

  • the increased soil salt content from ocean tides

  • intense heat and dryness

  • the lack of large predators

  • extreme cold and short summers

Explanation

Question 47 of 50

1

The biome that has a short growing season and is summer feeding and breeding grounds for caribou and musk-oxen is the

Select one of the following:

  • temperate grasslands

  • boreal forests

  • arctic tundra

  • arctic deserts

Explanation

Question 48 of 50

1

Having needle-shaper leaves benefits plants because needles

Select one of the following:

  • reduce water loss and endure cold winters

  • are more efficient at photosynthesis because they are dark green

  • evaporate water more efficiently

  • are less resistant to strong winds

Explanation

Question 49 of 50

1

Decidous forests

Select one of the following:

  • are adapted to extremely cold cimates

  • have tress that bear seeds in cones

  • have trees that shed their leaves seasonally

  • are not found in the African continent

Explanation

Question 50 of 50

1

Humid tropical forests have extraordinary biological diversity

Select one of the following:

  • because of the very fertile tropical soils

  • because water is not a limiting factor

  • because rainfall dissolves soils nutrients and makes the available to plants

  • because the temperature is consistent at the equator allowing for specialization

Explanation

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