Avi Chudasama
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3410 Anatomy Quiz on Chapter 23, created by Avi Chudasama on 15/12/2015.

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Chapter 23

Question 1 of 54

1

In life-threatening starvation, the kidneys synthesize glucose by

Select one of the following:

  • Secreting erythropoietin

  • Secreting rennin

  • Deaminating amino acids

  • Producing uric acid

  • Contributing to calcium homeostasis

Explanation

Question 2 of 54

1

This byproduct of protein catabolism constitutes approximately one-half of

Select one of the following:

  • Ammonia

  • Azotemia

  • Uric acid

  • Creatinine

  • Urea

Explanation

Question 3 of 54

1

Which organ system does not excrete waste?

Select one of the following:

  • The urinary system

  • The respiratory system

  • The digestive system

  • The integumentary system

  • The cardiovascular system

Explanation

Question 4 of 54

1

Which is not a function of the kidneys?

Select one of the following:

  • They regulate osmolarity of the body fluids

  • They fight osteoporosis by synthesizing vitamin D

  • They help control blood pressure

  • They release waste into the bloodstream

  • They indirectly increase oxyhemoglobin

Explanation

Question 5 of 54

1

Which of the following is not an organ of the urinary system?

Select one of the following:

  • Urethra

  • Collecting duct

  • Ureter

  • Urinary bladder

  • Kidney

Explanation

Question 6 of 54

1

A patient enters a hospital after a motorcycle accident. He complains of midback pain. X rays reveal both rib and pelvic fractures. His emergency room examination includes urinalysis. Which of the following findings from the urinalysis would most likely suggest trauma to the kidneys from the accident, but not to the urinary bladder?

Select one of the following:

  • Pyuria

  • Hematuria

  • Albuminuria

  • Uremia

  • Phenylketonuria

Explanation

Question 7 of 54

1

The innermost connective tissue layer protecting the kidney and assisting in staving off infection is known as

Select one of the following:

  • The perirenal fat capsule

  • The renal fascia

  • The hilum

  • The fibrous capsule

  • The renal medulla

Explanation

Question 8 of 54

1

A single lobe of a kidney is comprised of

Select one of the following:

  • Two calyces and a renal pelvis

  • One pyramid and the overlying cortex

  • One major calyx and all of its minor calyces

  • A renal medulla and two renal columns

  • One collecting duct and all nephrons that drain into it

Explanation

Question 9 of 54

1

A renal pyramid voids urine into

Select one of the following:

  • The minor calyx

  • The major calyx

  • The renal medulla

  • The renal papilla

  • The ureter

Explanation

Question 10 of 54

1

Which of these correctly traces blood flow from the renal artery into the renal cortex?

Select one of the following:

  • Arcuate a. → interlobar a. → arfferent arteriole → interlobular a.

  • Interlobar a. → interlobular a. → segmental a. → arcuate a.

  • Segmental a. → interlobar a. → arcuate a. → interlobular a.

  • Afferent arteriole → interlobular a. → arcuate a. → interlobar a.

  • Segmental a. → arcuate a. → interlobar a. → interlobular a.

Explanation

Question 11 of 54

1

The transition from an afferent arteriole to an efferent arteriole occurs in the:

Select one of the following:

  • Glomerulus

  • Medulla

  • Cortical radiate veins

  • Peritubular capillaries

  • Vasa recta

Explanation

Question 12 of 54

1

The average person has approximately __________ nephrons per kidney

Select one of the following:

  • 1.2 million

  • 2.4 Million

  • 3.6 million

  • 5.6 million

  • 4.8 million

Explanation

Question 13 of 54

1

Which of these correctly traces blood flow from the renal cortex to the renal vein?

Select one of the following:

  • interlobular v. → interlobar v. → segmental v. → renal v.

  • arcuate v. → interlobar v. → segmental v. → renal v.

  • interlobar v. → interlobular v. → arcuate v. → renal v.

  • segmental v. → arcuate v. → interlobar v. → renal v.

  • interlobular v. → arcuate v. → interlobar v. → renal v.

Explanation

Question 14 of 54

1

Blood plasma is filtered in

Select one of the following:

  • The renal tubule

  • The renal corpuscle

  • The renal capsule

  • The renal column

  • The renal calyx

Explanation

Question 15 of 54

1

Which of these form the inner layer of the glomerular capsule and wrap around the capillaries of the glomerulus?

Select one of the following:

  • Macula densa cells

  • Mesangial cells

  • Nephrocytes

  • Podocytes

  • Monocytes

Explanation

Question 16 of 54

1

All of the following are composed of cuboidal epithelium with the exception of

Select one of the following:

  • The thin segment of the nephron loop

  • The thick segment of the nephron loop

  • The collecting duct

  • The proximal convoluted tubule

  • The distal convoluted tubule

Explanation

Question 17 of 54

1

Which are primarily responsible for maintain the salinity gradient of the renal medulla?

Select one of the following:

  • Cortical nephrons

  • Juxtamedullary nephrons

  • Collecting ducts

  • Proximal convoluted tubules

  • Distal convoluted tubules

Explanation

Question 18 of 54

1

In the nephron, the fluid that immediately precedes urine is known as

Select one of the following:

  • Plasma

  • Glomerular filtrate

  • Tubular Fluid

  • Renal filtrate

  • Medullary filtrate

Explanation

Question 19 of 54

1

Renin hydrolyzes angiotensinogen released from the _______ to form angiotensin I

Select one of the following:

  • Lungs

  • Kidneys

  • Liver

  • Heart

  • Spleen

Explanation

Question 20 of 54

1

Because of the great deal of active transport that occurs here, the _______ of all the nephrons collectively account for about 6% of one's daily resting ATP and caloric consumption

Select one of the following:

  • Proximal convoluted tubules

  • Distal convolutes tubules

  • Loops of Henle

  • Collecting ducts

  • Glomeruli

Explanation

Question 21 of 54

1

Proximal convoluted tubules are responsible for reabsorbing all of the following except:

Select one of the following:

  • Potassium

  • Sodium Chloride

  • Hydrogen Ions

  • Urea

  • Water

Explanation

Question 22 of 54

1

Atrial natriuretic peptide reduces blood volume and pressure by all of the following means except

Select one of the following:

  • Increasing glomerular filtration rate

  • Inhibiting renin and aldosterone secretion

  • Inhibiting the action of ADH on the kidney

  • Inhibiting NaCl reabsorption by the collecting duct

  • Preventing sodium loss in the urine

Explanation

Question 23 of 54

1

Hypocalcemia stimulates

Select one of the following:

  • A decrease in aldosterone production

  • Secretion of parathyroid hormone

  • Secretion of renin

  • An increase in blood urea nitrogen

  • Vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles

Explanation

Question 24 of 54

1

Which renal structure is responsible for producing hypertonic urine by reabsorbing water while allowing metabolic wastes and NaCl to pass through?

Select one of the following:

  • Collecting Ducts

  • Glomerulus

  • Proximal convoluted tubule

  • Distal convoluted tubule

  • Nephron loop

Explanation

Question 25 of 54

1

The urine is most likely to be hypotonic when

Select one of the following:

  • The body's water volume is high

  • The body's pH is low

  • The output of antidiuretic hormone is high

  • The output of natriuretic peptides is high

  • A person is lost and deprived of drinking water the body's water volume is high

Explanation

Question 26 of 54

1

Which of the following does not contribute to water conservation?

Select one of the following:

  • The collecting duct

  • The countercurrent multiplier

  • The length of the nephrons

  • Diuretics

  • The countercurrent exchange system

Explanation

Question 27 of 54

1

The countercurrent multiplier recaptures ________ and is based on fluid flowing in _________ direction in two adjacent tubules

Select one of the following:

  • Potassium; the same

  • Calcium; the opposite

  • Calcium; the same

  • Sodium; the opposite

  • Sodium; the same

Explanation

Question 28 of 54

1

The overall purpose of the countercurrent exchange system is

Select one of the following:

  • To supply salt and urea to the renal medulla

  • To supply nutrients and oxygen to the renal cortex

  • To supply nutrients and oxygen to the renal medulla

  • To remove metabolic wastes from the renal cortex

  • To remove metabolic wastes from the renal medulla

Explanation

Question 29 of 54

1

Which of these induces renin secretion, constricts afferent arterioles, and reduces GFR and urine volume?

Select one of the following:

  • Aldosterone

  • Antidiuretic hormone

  • Parathyroid hormone

  • Norepinephrine

  • Angiotensin II

Explanation

Question 30 of 54

1

Normal urine from a healthy person can be expected to contain all of the following except:

Select one of the following:

  • Creatine

  • Urobilin

  • Glucose

  • Ammonia

  • Magnesium

Explanation

Question 31 of 54

1

What is the term for the pigment responsible for the color of urine?

Select one of the following:

  • Monochrome

  • Urochrome

  • Multichrome

  • Cyanochrome

  • Pyuria

Explanation

Question 32 of 54

1

The minimum daily output of urine to meet the definition of polyuria is:

Select one of the following:

  • 1.0 L

  • 1.5 L

  • 2.0 L

  • 0.5 L

  • 3.0 L

Explanation

Question 33 of 54

1

Prior to chemical tests for glycosuria, clinicians checked for sweetness of the urine as a sign of:

Select one of the following:

  • Diabetes insipidus

  • Acute glomerulonephritis

  • Diabetes mellitus

  • Renal calculus

  • Pyelitis

Explanation

Question 34 of 54

1

Loop diuretics reduce body water context by acting on:

Select one of the following:

  • The feedback loop between the kidney and posterior pituitary gland

  • The countercurrent multiplier system

  • The countercurrent exchanger system

  • Aquaporins of the collecting duct

  • The thirst mechanism and water intake

Explanation

Question 35 of 54

1

A hospital patient produces 4 mL. min of urine with a urea concentration of 8mg/mL. Venous blood draw reveals urea concentration of .4 mg/mL. What is the percentage of cleared urea from glomerular filrate?

Select one of the following:

  • 40%

  • 56%

  • 64%

  • 72%

  • 80%

Explanation

Question 36 of 54

1

Which two substances are most useful for determining a patient's glomerular filtration rate?

Select one of the following:

  • insulin and glucose

  • inulin and creatinine

  • sodium and water

  • albumin and inulin

  • insulin and urea

Explanation

Question 37 of 54

1

Creatinine has a renal clearance of 140 mL/min due to the fact that:

Select one of the following:

  • it is produced in the pulmonary tissue.

  • it is secreted by the renal tubules.

  • it is absorbed by the renal tubules.

  • it is secreted by the glomerulus.

  • it is absorbed by the loop of Henle.

Explanation

Question 38 of 54

1

Which of the following is not found in the ureter?

Select one of the following:

  • Adventitia

  • Two layers of smooth muscle

  • Three layers of smoother muscle

  • Transitional epithelium

  • Skeletal muscle

Explanation

Question 39 of 54

1

Which muscle is located in the bladder?

Select one of the following:

  • Detrusor

  • Distractor

  • Pubococcygeus

  • corpus spongiosum

  • corpus cavernosum

Explanation

Question 40 of 54

1

Which is not a portion of the urethra?

Select one of the following:

  • external urethral orifice

  • internal urethral sphincter

  • prostatic urethra

  • membraneous urethra

  • spongy urethra

Explanation

Question 41 of 54

1

Micturition is another term for:

Select one of the following:

  • the production of nitrogenous wastes

  • glomerular filtration

  • the elimination of urine

  • the countercurrent multiplier process

  • inflammation of the urinary bladder

Explanation

Question 42 of 54

1

The ureters pass anterior to the bladder and enter it from below

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 43 of 54

1

Albuminuria is a common sign of diabetes mellitus

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 44 of 54

1

Diseases that affect the descending corticospinal tracts may limit inhibition of the sacral somatic motor neurons and thus could result in urinary incontinence

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 45 of 54

1

Ethyl (drinking) alcohol stimulates the secretion of ADH, thereby reducing reabsorption by the collecting duct

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 46 of 54

1

Parathyroid hormone increases phosphate excretion by the proximal convoluted tubule as well as promotes synthesis of calcitriol

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 47 of 54

1

The countercurrent multiplier mechanism for water conservation was discovered by limiting studies to humans and thus hypothesizing how form determines function

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 48 of 54

1

The thick segment of the nephron loop is impermeable to water

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 49 of 54

1

Glomerular filtration occurs because glomerular oncotic pressure overrides glomerular blood pressure

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 50 of 54

1

Angiotensin converting enzyme is found only in the kidneys and converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 51 of 54

1

Cells in the cleft between the afferent and efferent arterioles and among capillaries of the glomerulus are known as mesangial cells

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 52 of 54

1

Glomerular capillaries suffer little damage from hypertension because of the protective influence of the afferent arterioles

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 53 of 54

1

The fenestrated endothelium of the capillary has pores small enough to exclude blood cells from the filtrate

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 54 of 54

1

The most toxic of our metabolic wastes are nitrogenous wastes

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

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