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What are the three primary storage sites of a lipid in the body?
What is the structure of a tricylclycerol (triglyceride), diacylglycerol and monoacylglycerol?
What are the three types of fatty acid?
How many carbon atoms are present in a 1) short chain
2) medium chain
3) long chain
fatty acid?
Which is most prominent?
Which three enzymes regulate lipolysis in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle?
Which enzymes regulate the entry of long chain fatty acids into the mitochondria?
When fatty acids enter the mitochondria, what processes do they need to undergo in order to generate ATP?
At what intensity of exercise is fat oxidation greatest?
If an athlete cycles for 4 hours at the same moderate intensity, what happens to the rate of fat oxidation?
How does the contribution of plasma fatty acids and intramuscular triglyceride to overall energy expenditure change over 2 hours of moderate intensity exercise?
What happens to the contribution of IMTG's during the first two hours of exercise?
Why?
What do plasma fatty acids account for?
What happens to the rate of fat oxidation if carbohydrate is ingested prior to exercise?
What are the main sites of regulation leading to the oxidation of fat during exercise? (5 key, 1 extra)
How does TAG lipolysis work?
Which enzymes are key?
What does ATGL stand for?
What does HSL stand for?
What does MGL stand for?
What factors regulate HSL activity in the adipose tissue? (3)
What is the process of regulating HSL called?
Describe the process of HLS regulation
What else does the activation of HSL in adipose tissue require?
What are the two processes responsible for fatty acid uptake into the muscle?
How does diffusion transport fatty acids into the muscle?
How does protein mediated transport work?
What factors regulate HSL activity in skeletal muscle during exercise?
What effect does insulin have on HSL?
What happens to HSL after 120 minutes of exercise?
Why?
When a muscle contracts, calcium is released. What does this do?
What does activation of HSL in skeletal muscle also require?
In terms of FA oxidation, what is the difference between a short/medium chain FA and a long chain FA.
How does a long chain FA enter the mitochondria?
What factors regulate CPT-1 activity in skeletal muscle during exercise?
What happens to malonyl CoA after a meal?
What effect does this have on CPT-1?
What is crucial for FA entry into the mitochondria using the CPT-1 system?
Once the FA's are in the mitochondria how do we generate ATP?
Once the FA's are in the mitochondria how do we generate ATP? How do we regulate beta-oxidation?
How many carbons are used to transform fatty acetyl-CoA to acetyl CoA?
If we have a 16 carbon FA, how many times will we make acetyl CoA?
