The type of pulse sequence that uses only 90 degree RF pulses is known as (**answer pending correction)
Partial saturation pulse sequence
Gradient echo pulse sequence
Saturation recovery pulse sequence
Partial saturation pulse sequence & Gradient echo pulse sequence
A spin echo pulse sequence is characterized by which of the following
A 180 degree excitation pulse followed by a 90 degree rephasing pulse
A 90 degree excitation pulse followed by a 180 degree rephasing pulse
A 90 degree excitation pulse followed by a 90 degree rephasing pulse
None of the above
Which of the following is the pulse sequence that is used most commonly?
Inversion recovery
Gradient echo
Spin echo
Echo planar
Which of the following is an advantage of using a spin echo pulse sequence
High signal to noise ratio
Decreased resolution
Long scan times
In conventional spin echo pulse sequences, how many phase encoding steps are achieved per TR
1
128
192
256
In conventional spin echo pulse sequences, how many lines of K space are filled per TR
2
4
6
The spin echo pulse sequence that performs more than one phase encoding step per TR is known as
Conventional spin echo
Fast spin echo
RARE
Fast spin echo & RARE
The pulse sequence that performs a series of 180 degree rephasing pulses and echos is known as
The series of 180 degree rephasing pulses in a fast spin echo pulse sequence is known as
Echo train
Inversion train
Echo plane
The number of 180 degree rephasing pulses performed in a fast spin echo pulse sequence is known as its
Turbo factor
Inversion factor
Echo train length
Turbo factor & Echo train length
In a RARE pulse sequence, the multiple number of echo times that create image weighting are averaged together to produce what is known as the
Effective TR
Effective TI
Effective TE
Which of the following is an advantage of a fast spin echo pulse sequence
Reduced scan times
Improved quality
Increased T2 weighting
All of the above
Which of the following is a disadvantage of fast spin echo pulse sequences
Increased effects of flow motion
Bright fat on T2 weighted images
Increased resolution
Increased effects of flow motion & Bright fat on T2 weighted images
The type of spin echo pulse sequence that begins with a 180 degree inversion RF pulse and is followed by a 90 degree excitation pulse is known as
Gradient reversal
During an inversion recovery pulse sequence, the time between the 180 degree inversion pulse and the 90 degree excitation pulse is known as
Echo time
Repetition time
Inversion time
Reversion time
The inversion recovery pulse sequence that is used to suppress fat in a Tl weighted linage is known as
FLAIR
STIR
SSFP
FLASH
The inversion recovery pulse sequence that is used to suppress CSF in proton density and T2 weighted linages is known as
FISP
The type of pulse sequence that uses a gradient instead of a 180 degree RF pulse to rephase dephasing nuclei is known as
In a gradient echo pulse sequence, which gradient is used to dephase and rephase nuclei
Slice select gradient
Phase encoding gradient
Frequency encoding gradient
In a gradient echo pulse sequence, which parameter directly affects linage weighting?
NEX
Field of view
Flip angle
Matrix
The condition that occurs in a gradient echo pulse sequence when the TR is shorter than the T1 and T2 relaxation times of tissue is known as
Chemical shift
Steady state
Frequency shift
Phase shift
In a gradient echo pulse sequence, transverse magnetization that is leftover from a previous excitation pulse is known as
Residual transverse magnetization
Magnetization transfer
Chemical misregistration
Gradient echo pulse sequences that preserve left over transverse magnetization are said to be
Incoherent
Coherent
Consistent
Inconsistent
Gradient echo pulse sequences that eliminate leftover transverse magnetization are said to be
In a gradient echo pulse sequence, the process of reversing the slope of the phase encoding gradient after readout to preserve residual transverse magnetization is known as
Warping
Spoiling
Rewinding
In a gradient echo pulse sequence, the process of eliminating residual transverse magnetization is known as
Which of the following is a method of eliminating residual transverse magnetization
Digital RF spoiling
Gradient rewinding
Gradient spoiling
Digital RF spoiling & Gradient spoiling
In a gradient echo pulse sequence, the use of an RF pulse to eliminate residual transverse magnetization is known as
Frequency spoiling
In a gradient echo pulse sequence, the use of a gradient to eliminate residual transverse magnetization is known as
Gradient echo pulse sequences that have incoherent residual transverse magnetization are primarily used to create what type of image weighting
Tl weighting
T2 weighting
Proton density weighting
Tl weighting & Proton density weighting
Gradient echo pulse sequences that have coherent residual transverse magnetization produce what type of image weighting
T1 weighting
T2* weighting
T1 weighting & Proton density weighting
Which of the following is an advantage of gradient echo pulse sequences
Decreased scan time
Increased sensitivity to flow
Volume acquisitions possible
Which of the following is a disadvantage of a gradient echo pulse sequence
Decreased signal to noise ratio
Increased sensitivity to magnetic susceptibility artifacts
Increased gradient noise
The gradient echo pulse sequence that produces true T2 image weighting is known as
T2 FFE
PSIF
The gradient echo pulse sequence that is characterized by an echo time that is longer than its repetition time is known as
Steady state free precession
The type of pulse sequence that fills all lines of K space per TR is known as
In an echo planar pulse sequence, using a long TE produces what type of weighting
In an echo planar pulse sequence, pre-inverting tissue with a 180 degree RF pulse before excitation produces what type of image weighting
In an echo planar pulse sequence, proton density weighting can be produced by which of the following techniques
Applying a 180 degree RF pulse to pre-invert tissue before excitation
Using a short TE
Using a long TE
Using a 180 degree rephasing pulse
Figure 5-1 is a diagram showing what type of pulse sequence
Partial saturation
Figure 5-2 is a diagram showing what type of pulse sequence
Figure 5-3 is a diagram showing what type of pulse sequence
Figure 5-4 is a diagram showing what type of pulse sequence
Gradient Echo
Which of the following methods can reduce blurring in a fast spin echo pulse sequence
Reduce echo train length
Reduce resolution
Reduce TR
Reduce effective TE
During a fast spin echo pulse sequence, which lines of k space are filled by the gradients performed closest to the effective TE
Central lines
Outer lines
Negative lines only
Positive lines only