Thorough patient preparation should include which of the following
Proper patient screening
Complete patient medical history
Adequate patient education
All of the above
Proper patient screening should include which of the following
The elimination of any loose metal objects and personal items
The identification of any possible contraindications
The identification of any biomedical implants
Complete medical history should include which of the following
Patient age, sex, and weight
Current physical symptoms
Previous surgeries and associated medical problems
Adequate patient education should include which of the following
Thorough description of the procedure
Complete physics review
The importance of remaining still
Thorough description of the procedure & The importance of remaining still
Ancillary equipment that should be excluded from the magnetic room includes which of the following
Ferrous oxygen tanks
Battery powered IV pumps
Ferrous scissors, pens and hemostats
Ancillary equipment that should be included in an MRI department includes which of the following
Non-ferrous wheelchair or stretcher
Proper monitoring equipment for sedated patients
A crash cart for emergency situations
Which of the following ancillary staff should be trained in the safety procedures of the MRI department?
Janitorial staff
Nursing staff
MRI department clerical staff
Which of the following pieces of equipment should be used and or available when sedating patients for an MRI examination
Pulse oximeter
Blood pressure monitor
Crash cart
Which of the following patient injuries can be caused by improper placement of cardiac leads
Patient burns
Temporary hearing loss
Short term memory loss
None of the above
RF coils should be looped during scanning to improve signal to noise.
True
False
Which of the following is an important environmental consideration necessary to maintain proper computer and gradient function
Temperature
Barometric pressure
Humidity
Temperature & Humidity
Which of the following objects should not be permitted past the 5 gauss line
Cardiac pacemaker
Hearing aids
Neuro stimulators
Which of the following objects will be affected by a magnetic field of 10 gauss or higher
Video cameras
Monitors
Cameras
Metal implants within the body, depending on the location, can pose what type of problems during the MRI exam
Torque
Heating
Artifacts
Hazards to patients and technologists due to ferromagnetic objects within the scan room include which ofthe following
Metal projectiles
Tissue burns
Image artifacts
The force on a ferromagnetic object placed in a magnetic field is dependent upon which of the following factors
The mass of the object
The distance from the magnet
The object's orientation to the magnet
Which of the following patients should be absolutely excluded from having an MRI exam
Patients with hip replacements
Patients with titanium aneurysm clips
Patients with cardiac pacemakers
Patients with cornea implants
Which of the following patients should be monitored with a pulse oximeter during an MRI procedure
Sedated patients
Unconscious patients
Patients with weak voices or hearing problems
Which of the following hazards can occur due to an improperly ventilated quench
Frostbite due to decrease room temperature
Hearing loss due to increased air pressure in the scan room
Patient suffocation due to loss of oxygen
The magnetic field that surrounds the Earth has what field strength
.5 Tesla
.6 Tesla
.5 Gauss
1.5 Tesla
Biological effects associated with exposure to static magnetic fields below 2 tesla include which of the following
Increased amplitude at the T wave on an EKG
Nausea and vomiting
Minimal increase in body temperature
Increased amplitude at the T wave on an EKG & Minimal increase in body temperature
Biological effects associated with exposure to static magnetic fields above 2 tesla include which of the following
Fatigue
Headaches
Hypotension
All ofthe above
Possible biological effects associated with exposure to gradient magnetic fields at levels higher than that used in MRI include which of the following
Voltage produced in conductive tissue
Hypertension
Tissue bums
Biological effects associated with exposure to radio frequency include which of the following
Induction of electrical currents in tissue
Heating due to tissue resistance
Radiation poisoning
Induction of electrical currents in tissue & Heating due to tissue resistance
The rate at which a patient can safely dissipate excess heat caused by RF energy is known as
Specific absorption time
Specific absorption rate
Signal absorption rate
Specific absorption rate is expressed in units of
Watts/kg
Ohms/kg
Amps/kg
Watts/lb
Heating that is directly associated with the RF pulse sequence should not increase the core body temperature greater than
1 degree Fahrenheit
1 degree Kelvin
10 degrees Celsius
1 degree Celsius
Which of the following is a biological effect unique to echo planar imaging
Visual phosphenes
Muscular twitches in face and back
Specific absorption rate is dependent upon which factor(s)
Induced electrical field and tissue density
Patient size and pulse duty cycle
Tissue conductivity
The recommended whole body SAR limit for MR imaging is
.4 Watts/kg
3.2 Watts/kg
8 Watts/kg
4.0 Watts/kg
The recommended SAR limit for safely imaging the head is
.4 Watts/k
The recommended SAR limit for safely imaging small volumes is
The effect of MRI contrast media on tissue relaxation rates is known as
Relaxation
Relaxivity
Realization
Contrast agents presently used in MRI have what type of effect on tissue
Increase T2 relaxation times
Decrease Tl relaxation times
Increase Tl relaxation times
The first material used by Felix Bloch to change magnetic relaxation times was known as
Niobium-Titanium
Gadopentetate dimeglumine
Ferric Nitrate
Nickel-Cadmium
The first use of a paramagnetic agent on a human subject was in what year
1976
1981
1946
1973
The first oral MRl contrast agent used in a human subject was known as
Ferric Chloride
The first intravenous MRl contrast agent that was used on a human subject was known as
Gadolinium has how many unpaired electrons in its outermost orbit
5
7
9
11
MRI contrast agents known as TI agents produce what type of contrast on Tl weighted images
Positive
Negative
MRl contrast agents known as T2 agents produce what type of contrast on T2 weighted images
MRI contrast agents known as T2 agents have what type of effect on tissue
Decrease T2 relaxation times
Which ofthe following is a requirement for a chemical before it can be used as an MRI contrast medium
It must decrease magnetic relaxation times
Must be non-ionic
Must be biologically compatible with the human body
It must decrease magnetic relaxation times & Must be biologically compatible with the human body
The chemical compounds used to bind the metallic ion in MRI contrast agents are known as
Hydrophilies
Chelates
Macrophanges
To minimize MRl contrast agent's toxicity, the agent should be
Excreted intact by the kidneys
Excreted intact by the gallbladder and intestines
Released within the body
Excreted intact by the kidneys & Excreted intact by the gallbladder and intestines
The amount of a drug required to cause death in half ofa sample of laboratory mice is known as
LDso
LRso
Median lethal dose
LDso & Median lethal dose
Which of the following is the median lethal dose of Gadopentetate dimeglumine
.5 mmol/kg
5 mmol/kg
1 mmol/kg
10-20 mmol/kg
Contrast agents that stay electrically neutral in water and do not separate into ions are said to be
Hydrophilic
Nonionic
Ionic
Contrast agents that separate into charged ions in water are said to be
Hydrophobic
The diffusion of fluid thorough a semipermeable membrane such as the wall of a living cell is known as
Hydrosis
Ionization
Osmosis
The osmolality of a contrast agent is measured in what unit
Osmoles per kilogram of water (Osm/kg)
Milliosmoles per kilogram of water (mOsm/kg)
Milliliters per kiloliter (mllkl)
Osmoles per kilogram of water (Osm/kg) & Milliosmoles per kilogram of water (mOsm/kg)
The effective clinical dosage of gadolinium is how many millimoles per kilogram of body weight
1:0 mmol/kg
0.1 mmol/kg
10 mmol/kg
20 mmol/kg
Which of the following is a possible side effect of gadopentetate dimeglumine
Mild, temporary headaches
Nausea
Vomiting
Gd DTPA, also known as Magnevist, is bound by which chelate
Bismethylamide
Diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid
Tertraazacyclododecane tetraacetic acid
Gd DOTA, also known as Dotarem, is bound by what chelate
Gd DTPA-BMA, also known as Omniscan, is bound by what chel
Gadoteridol, also known as ProHance, is based on what type of molecular structure
Linear ionic
Linear nonionic
Macrocyclic ionic
Macrocyclic nonionic
Gadopentetate dimeglumine, also known as Magnevist, is based on what type of molecular structure
Gadodiamide, also known as Omniscan, is based on what type of molecular structure
Gadoterate meglumine, also known as Dotarem, is based on what type of molecular structure
Which of the following is a clinical indication for the use of MRI contrast agents
CNS tumors
Post surgical lumbar discs
Infection
Structures that are outside the blood brain barrier are said to be
Extra axial
Intra axial
Para axial
The type of neoplasms in the head that enhance primarily due to their increase in vascularity are known as
Intra axial neoplasms
Extra axial neoplasms
Metastatic neoplasms
Which of the following is an example of an extra axial neoplasm
Meningioma
Astrocytoma
Acoustic Neuroma
Meningioma & Astrocytoma
The type ofneoplasms in the head that enhance primarily due to the breakdown of the blood brain barrier are known as
Acoustic neuromas
Which of the following is an example of an intra axial neoplasm
Acoustic neuroma
Acoustic neuroma & Meningioma
Which area outside the blood brain barrier shows normal enhancement with the injection of gadolinium
Choroid plexus
Pineal gland
Pituitary gland
Which ofthe following is an example of a non-neoplastic disease of the brain that enhances with the injection of gadolinium
Meningitis
Demyelinating disease
Cerebral infection
Neoplasms within the spinal cord are said to be located in which of the following locations
Intramedullary
Extramedullary Intradural
Extradural
Neoplasms outside the spinal cord but within the CSF space are said to be located in which of the following locations
Neoplasms of the spine that are outside the spinal cord and outside the CSF space are said to be located in which of the following locations
Which of the following pathologies of the spine is an indication for the use of an MRl contrast agent
Spinal cord infection
Recurrent disc herniation
Intramedullary neoplasm
Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of gadolinium
Patients with history of metastatic cancer
Patients with history of asthma
Patients with history of metal implants
No known contraindications
Which of the following is a precaution for the use of gadolinium
Patients with sickle cell anemia
Patients with a history of grand mal seizures
Patients with a history of asthma