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Mind Map
by
Royston Hall
, created
more than 1 year ago
Brief overview of cognitive models implicated in neuropsychology
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neuropsychology
cognition
cognitive models
Created by
Royston Hall
about 9 years ago
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4479659
mind_map
2016-11-18T00:32:20Z
Cognitive Models
Executive
Function
Attention
Memory
Supervisory Attentional System
Arousal
Selective Attention
Inhibition
Frontal Lobes but wider networks implicated.
NO known overall neural
construct of attention - not
associated with functional
neuroanatomical substrate
SensoriMotor Network (SMN) only identified area at
present. All others based on lesion data:
Sustained
Attention
Visual and auditoryl
Attention
Shifting
Attention
Each construct of
attention is defined by
its operation but not
related to any specific
neural substrate
Neuroimagiing has shown common netwrok of activity
across all tasks - Neuropsychological tests with
multi-component structure (e.g. EF) are unlikely to
identify unique patterns of brain activity that correlate
perfectly with specific 'domains'. (Poor construct validity)
Measures testing the
same construct do not
correlate highly with each
other.
Attention
Cognitive
Models
Three Component Model; Alerting,
Orientating Executive Control
Fan & Posner,
2004
Difficult to measure
as a construct
Dynamic view of brain
organisation (Novelty vs Heuristic
processing)
General Models
Static view of brain organisation (e.g.
hemispheric; left = language, right = visual
perception and seven network model)
Cortical Systems are
multifunctional - don't
support only one
specific cognitive
process.
EF Cognitive
Models
Switching/ Inhibition/ Updating
Model
Miyake et al,
2000
Executive System Hypothesis (Hierarchy/ central
executive)
Baddeley,
1990
Regulation
(Behaviour/Emotion)
Prefrontal cortex - especially for sustained attention
Switching
Impulse control
Updating
Switching
Cattell- Horn- Carroll (CHC)
model
Carroll, 1993
Goal Directed Behaviour
Norman & Shallice, 1986
Cognitive
flexibility
Planning
Organising
Problem Solving
Creative thinking
Establish NEW behaviour
Introspection
Four major classes of cognitive functions;
Receptive, memory, thinking, expression.
General Intelligence
(g)
Terman, 1916
No longer seen as 'one
intelligence' - implication of
other independent factors
(e.g. processing speed and
attention).
Wasserman &
Wasserman, 2013
Combination of domain scores risks losing information
- unreliable indices of injury severity or deteriation.
H.M.
case
Declarative / Explicit
Nondeclarative / Implicit
Semantic
Episodic
Item-specific (e.g. priming)
Procedural
Memory
Cognitive
Models
Three stage model of declarative memory
McCaugh, 1966
Registration
Short Term
Long Term
Recall
Recognition
Phineas
Gage
Independent system vs integrated
with "information processing"
Two-factor attention (Reflex and
voluntary)
James, 1890
Top down and
Bottom up
Vigilence
Working
Memory
Working
Memory
Working
Memory
Parietal Lobe indicated in disengaging attention
Short term memory indicated in inferior
parietal lobe
Inattention resulting from right posterior hemisphere lesions
Normal learning and retention disrupted in temporal lesions
Hippocampal complex
Deficits better understood
by observing behaviour?
Functional assessments.
Multicomponent Model
Baddeley & Hitch, 1974
State-based models
Cowan, 1995; McElree, 2006
Visual and
Auditory
Acts as the link between attention
and short term memory in the
pursuit of specific goals
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4479659
mind_map
2016-11-18T00:32:20Z
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