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Chapter 7, Part 1

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Nutrition { 1 }

Question 1 of 36

1

The bulk of the carbon compounds that make up the cytoplasm of the cells consist of:

Select one or more of the following:

  • Nutrients

  • Carbohydrates

  • Proteins

  • Lipids

  • Fats

Explanation

Question 2 of 36

1

Absorption of the products of digestion by animals is described as:

Select one or more of the following:

  • Heterozygous nutrition

  • Saprotrophic nutrition

  • Trophic mission

  • Heterotrophic nutrition

Explanation

Question 3 of 36

1

The mammalian gut is a ___ tube connecting the ___.

Select one or more of the following:

  • long, hollow muscular | mouth to the anus

  • short, hollow muscular | mouth to the stomach

  • hollow, bony | stomach to the anus

  • long | stomach to the anus

Explanation

Question 4 of 36

1

Ingestion is :

Select one or more of the following:

  • mechanical digestion by the action of teeth and the muscular walls of the gut.

  • food taken into the mouth for processing in the gut.

  • chemical digestion by enzymes, mainly in the stomach and intestine.

  • chemical digestion by enzymes, mainly in the mouth and pharynx.

Explanation

Question 5 of 36

1

Mechanical digestion is ___ and chemical digestion is ___ .

Select one or more of the following:

  • the action of teeth and the muscular walls of the mouth | by enzymes, mainly in the stomach and intestine

  • by enzymes, mainly in the stomach and intestine | the action of teeth and the muscular walls of the gut

  • the action of teeth and the muscular walls of the gut | by enzymes, mainly in the stomach and intestine

Explanation

Question 6 of 36

1

Absorption is the process of..

Select one or more of the following:

  • insoluble products of digestion absorbed into the blood circulation system.

  • fat droplets of digestion absorbed into the lymphatic system.

  • soluble products of digestion absorbed into the blood circulation system.

  • water from digestion absorbed into the blood stream only.

Explanation

Question 7 of 36

1

assimilation is the process of..

Select one or more of the following:

  • products of digestion absorbed from blood into body cells and used or stored.

  • only fat droplets from digestion absorbed from blood into body cells and used or stored.

  • products of digestion excreted from body cells into blood.

Explanation

Question 8 of 36

1

Egestion is the process of ___, expelled from the body as faeces.

Select one or more of the following:

  • Bacteria from the gut flora

  • Bacteria from the gut floor

  • Digested food

  • Undigested food

  • Products of digestion

  • Dead cells from the lining of the gut

  • Dead cells from all over the body

Explanation

Question 9 of 36

1

Digestion is an essential step because..

Select one or more of the following:

  • most ingested substances consist of insoluble molecules that are too big to cross the gut wall and enter the blood stream.

  • most ingested substances consist of soluble molecules that are too small to cross the gut wall.

  • ingested fats are insoluble molecules that are too big to cross the gut wall and enter the blood stream.

  • some ingested substances are insoluble molecules that are too big to enter the blood stream.

Explanation

Question 10 of 36

1

In order to be absorbed, lipids, carbohydrates and proteins must be hydrolysed and emulsified to..

Select one or more of the following:

  • polysaccharides

  • monosaccharides

  • amino acids

  • simple fats

  • peptides

  • fatty acids

  • disaccharides

  • fat droplets

  • glycerol

  • free amino acids

Explanation

Question 11 of 36

1

The first stage in the breakdown of large insoluble food molecules is ___.

Select one or more of the following:

  • both mechanical and chemical digestion

  • chemical digestion

  • ingestion

  • mechanical digestion

  • absorption

Explanation

Question 12 of 36

1

Peristalsis is the process of..

Select one or more of the following:

  • waves of contraction and relaxation of the circular and longitudinal muscles of the gut wall to propel food along.

  • waves of contractions of the circular and longitudinal muscles of the gut wall to propel food along.

  • Squeezing of circular and longitudinal muscles of the gut wall to condense food along.

Explanation

Question 13 of 36

1

___ follows mechanical digestion and is brought about by ___ produced in specialised cells in glands associated with the gut.

Select one or more of the following:

  • Chemical | digestive enzymes

  • absorption | enzymes

  • Chemical | one protein catalyst

Explanation

Question 14 of 36

1

To complete the digestion process, ___ secreted onto food work together with those in the ___ of cells of the ___.

Select one or more of the following:

  • enzymes | mitochondria | gut lining

  • protein catalysts | plasma membranes | stomach lining

  • hormones | plasma membranes | gut lining

  • enzymes | plasma membranes | duodenum

  • enzymes | plasma membranes | gut lining

Explanation

Question 15 of 36

1

The enzyme amylase is secreted from the ___ and breaks down ___ into ___.

Select one or more of the following:

  • salivary glands | starch | maltose

  • gastric glands | protein | polypeptides

  • pancreas | triglyceride | fatty acids and glycerol

  • salivary glands | protein | maltose

  • gastric glands | starch | maltose

  • pancreas | starch | sucrose

Explanation

Question 16 of 36

1

The enzyme pepsin is secrets from the ___ and breaks down ___ into ___.

Select one or more of the following:

  • pancreas | protein | peptides

  • salivary glands | starch | fatty acids and glycerol

  • gastric glands | protein | peptides

  • pancreas | triglyceride | maltose

Explanation

Question 17 of 36

1

The enzyme lipase is secreted from the ___ and breaks down ___ into ___.

Select one or more of the following:

  • gastric glands | triglyceride | maltose

  • pancreas | starch | polypeptides

  • salivary glands | protein | polypeptides

  • pancreas | triglyceride | glycerol and fatty acids

Explanation

Question 18 of 36

1

The human stomach is a __-shaped muscular bag located ___ in the ___, below the ___ and ___ .

Select one or more of the following:

  • J | high | abdominal cavity | diaphragm | liver

  • L | high | abdominal cavity | rib cage | liver

  • J | low | rib cage | diaphragm | abdominal cavity

  • O | low | chest | liver | diaphragm

Explanation

Question 19 of 36

1

In the wall of the ___ there are millions of tiny pits called ___ which secrete the components of ___ .

Select one or more of the following:

  • gut | gastric glands | gastric juice

  • stomach | gastric glands | gastric juice

  • stomach | salivary glands | amylase

  • gut | mucosa | gastric mucus

Explanation

Question 20 of 36

1

Examples of components of gastric juice secreted by gastric glands are:

Select one or more of the following:

  • Chyme

  • Hydrochloric Acid

  • Pepsin

  • Other Protease Enzymes

Explanation

Question 21 of 36

1

The whole ___ lining is supplied with ___ that secrete ___ which is used to ___ and ___ .

Select one or more of the following:

  • gut | mucus | goblet cells | shield the stomach from HCL and proteases of gastric juice | prevent autolysis

  • stomach | mucus cells | goblets | coat the inner lining of the stomach in HCL and proteases of gastric juice | bring on autolysis

  • stomach | goblet cells | mucus | shield the stomach's inner lining from HCL and proteases of gastric juice | prevent autolysis

  • gut | goblet cells | mucus | prevent autolysis | drain the stomach of the proteases of gastric juice

Explanation

Question 22 of 36

1

Digestion of carbohydrate, lipids and proteins is completed in the ___ where the innermost layer of the wall is formed into finger-like projections called ___ .

Select one or more of the following:

  • small intestine | villi

  • pancreas | villi

  • small intestine | flagella

  • large intestine intestine | villi

Explanation

Question 23 of 36

1

Food enters the first part of the small intestine ( ___ ) and here the ___ meets the ___ from the ___ .

Select one or more of the following:

  • ileum | chyme | bile | bile duct and pancreatic juice from the pancreas

  • duodenum | chyme | bile | bile duct and pancreatic juice from the pancreas

  • duodenum | bile | chyme | bile duct and pancreatic juice

  • duodenum | chyme | bile | bile duct and pancreatic juice from the pyloric sphincter

Explanation

Question 24 of 36

1

Bile is ___ and neutralises the ___ of the ___ . Though bile contains ___, it lowers the surface tension of large fat ___ and causes them to break into ___ -___ .

Select one or more of the following:

  • strongly alkaline | acidity | chyme | no enzymes | globules | tiny droplets | emulsification

  • strongly alkaline | acidity | chyme | no enzymes | globules | tiny droplets | verification

  • slightly alkaline | acidity | tyme | no enzymes | droplets | tiny globules | emulsification

  • strongly alkaline | acidity | chyme | few enzymes | globules | tiny droplets | hydrolysation

Explanation

Question 25 of 36

1

___ contains many enzymes e.g. ___ that catalyse the hydrolysis of ___ to ___ , ___ and ___ .

Select one or more of the following:

  • Pancreatic juice | amylase | starch | maltose | lipase | proteases

  • Pancreatic juice | amylase | peptides | maltose | lipase | proteases

  • Pancreatic juice | amylase | starch | lipase | maltose | proteases

  • Pancreatic juice | protease | starch | maltose | lipase | amylases

Explanation

Question 26 of 36

1

All the enzymes act as the ___ , ___ and ___ are mixed together - a form of ____ called ___.

Select one or more of the following:

  • bile

  • chyme

  • peristalsis | segmentation

  • segmentation | peristalsis

  • pancreatic juice

  • peristalsis | segregation

  • salts

  • gastric juice

Explanation

Question 27 of 36

1

Villi in the ____ are coated with ___ that expend energy in the ___ of most of the products of digestion which involves ___ .

Select one or more of the following:

  • large intestine | epithelial cells | diffusion | protein pump molecules in the plasma membrane activated by reaction with ATP.

  • small intestine | goblet cells | active transport | protein pump molecules in the plasma membrane activated by reaction with ATP.

  • small intestine | epithelial cells | active transport | protein pumps activated by reaction with ATP.

  • small intestine | epithelial cells | active transport | protein pump molecules in the plasma membrane activated by reaction with ADP.

Explanation

Question 28 of 36

1

Villi..

Select one or more of the following:

  • provide a huge surface area for absorption.

  • single layer of small cells packed with mitochondria for active uptake across the plasma membrane.

  • lubricate the movement of digested food along the gut.

  • provide a large surface area for the uptake of amino acid and monosaccharides only.

  • provide a small surface area for absorption.

Explanation

Question 29 of 36

1

Epithelium cells..

Select one or more of the following:

  • lubricate the movement of food along the gut.

  • are a branch of the lymphatic system into which triglycerides pass for transport to body cells.

  • provide a single layer of small cells packed with mitochondria for active uptake across the plasma membrane.

  • provide a large surface area for the diffusion of monosaccharides only.

Explanation

Question 30 of 36

1

Pump proteins in the plasma membranes of epithelium cells..

Select one or more of the following:

  • actively transport substances across the plasma membrane into the villi.

  • actively transport substances across the plasma membrane into the blood stream.

  • actively transport substances across the villi into the epithelium cells.

Explanation

Question 31 of 36

1

Network of capillaries..

Select one or more of the following:

  • provide a small surface area for the uptake of the products of digestion.

  • provide a large surface area for the products of digestion to be absorbed through via osmosis.

  • provide a large surface area for the uptake of the products of digestion.

  • lubricate the movement of food along the gut.

Explanation

Question 32 of 36

1

Lacteal..

Select one or more of the following:

  • is a single layer of tiny cells packed with mitochondria for active uptake across the plasma membrane.

  • is a branch of the circulatory system into which triglycerides pass for transport to body cells.

  • provides a large surface area for the uptake of triglycerides and monosaccharides only.

  • is a branch of the lymphatic system into which triglycerides pass for transport to the blood stream.

  • is a branch of the lymphatic system into which triglycerides pass for transport to body cells.

Explanation

Question 33 of 36

1

Mucus from goblet cells in the epithelium..

Select one or more of the following:

  • provides a large surface area for the active uptake of the products of digestion into the blood stream.

  • lubricates the movement of digested food among the villi and protects plasma membrane of epithelial cells.

  • facilitates the movement of undigested food from the blood stream into body cells.

Explanation

Question 34 of 36

1

In the first stage of assimilation, ___ are transported from the ___ by the ___ to the ___ .

Select one or more of the following:

  • nutrients and amino acids | small intestine | capillary network | liver

  • amino acids | small intestine | capillary network | Ileum

  • nutrients | large intestine | villi | liver

  • nutrients and amino acids | small intestine | lacteal | anus

Explanation

Question 35 of 36

1

___ are absorbed as ___ into the ___ vessels and then carried by the ___ system to the blood circulation outside the heart.

Select one or more of the following:

  • Lipids | fatty acids and glycerol | lacteal | circulatory

  • Lipids | fatty acids and glycerol | lacteal | lymphatic

  • Proteins | polypeptides | lacteal | lymphatic

  • Lipids | just glycerol | lacteal | lymphatic

Explanation

Question 36 of 36

1

The large intestine has no villi what reaches here is undigested matter such as :

Select one or more of the following:

  • mucus

  • dead intestinal cells

  • dead interstitial cells

  • bacteria

  • starch

  • plant fibre

  • some mineral ions

  • monosaccharides

  • water

  • some fatty acids and glycerol

Explanation

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