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Chapter 7, Part 6.

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Nerves, Hormones & Homeostasis { 6 }

Nerves, Hormones & Homeostasis { 6 }

Question 1 of 50

1

Control and communication within the body involves the..

Select one or more of the following:

  • endocrine system

  • nervous system

  • systemic circulation

  • pulmonary circulation

Explanation

Question 2 of 50

1

The nervous system is built from nerve cells called ____ which have a ___ containing the ___ and the bulk of the ___ .

Select one or more of the following:

  • neurones | nucleus | body | cytoplasm

  • neurones | body | nucleus | cytoplasm

  • neurones | body | nucleus | electrical impulses

Explanation

Question 3 of 50

1

Neurones are specialised for the transmission of information in the form nerve impulses.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 4 of 50

1

An ___ is a ___ reversal in the ___ in the ___ of neurone.

Select one of the following:

  • impulse | momentary | electrical potential difference | membrane

  • impulse | permanent | electrical potential difference | cytoplasm

  • shock | momentary | electrical difference | membrane

Explanation

Question 5 of 50

1

In mammals the transmission of an impulse along a fibre occurs at speed between 100 -120 mps only.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 6 of 50

1

Neurones are grouped together to form a ___ which consist of the ___ and ___ . To and from this run nerves of the ___ .

Select one of the following:

  • central nervous system | brain | spinal cord | peripheral nervous system

  • peripheral nervous system | heart | spinal cord | central nervous system

  • central nervous system | brain | rib-cage | secondary nervous system

Explanation

Question 7 of 50

1

The three types of neurone are:

Select one or more of the following:

  • relay neurone

  • motory neurone

  • sensory neurone

  • dendrites

  • motor neurone

  • bridging neurone

Explanation

Question 8 of 50

1

Neurones have many fine ___ that bring impulses toward the ___ and a single long ___ which carried the impulse away from that.

Select one or more of the following:

  • axons | nucleus | myelin sheath

  • dendrites | cell body | axon

  • motor end plates | node of Ranvier | axon

Explanation

Question 9 of 50

1

The function of the motor neurone is to carry impulses from the ___ to a ___ which are also known as ___ .

Select one or more of the following:

  • peripheral nervous system | muscle | effectors

  • central nervous system | muscle | effectors

  • central nervous system | gland | effectors

  • central nervous system | muscle | sensors

Explanation

Question 10 of 50

1

One of the supporting cells that surrounds a neurone is a ___ which becomes wrapped around the ___ of ___ neurones and form a structure called a ___ .

Select one or more of the following:

  • schwann cell | axon | relay | myelin sheath

  • schwann cell | axon | sensory | myelin sheath

  • myelin sheath | axon | motor | schwann cell

Explanation

Question 11 of 50

1

Myelin consists of largely ___ and has a ___ electrical resistance; frequent junctions also occur along the sheath between individual ___ called ___ .

Select one or more of the following:

  • lipid | low | schwann cells | nodes of Ranvier

  • protein | high | schwann cells | nodes of Ranvier

  • carbon | high | schwann cells | nodes of river

  • lipid | high | schwann cells | nodes of Ranvier

Explanation

Question 12 of 50

1

An impulse is a momentary reversal in the electrical potential difference in the membrane - a change in the position of ___ between the inside and outside of the membrane of the nerve fibres.

Select one or more of the following:

  • charged ions

  • charged electrons

  • charged protons

  • charged molecules

  • substances

Explanation

Question 13 of 50

1

The resting potential is the ___ across a nerve cell ___ when it is ___ -normally about ___ .

Select one or more of the following:

  • difference in charged ions | membrane | not being stimulated | 70mV

  • potential difference | membrane | not being stimulated | -70mV

  • potential difference | cytoplasm | being stimulated | 80mV

  • potential difference | membrane | being stimulated | -70mV

Explanation

Question 14 of 50

1

When the nerve fibre has been ___, we mean that the ___ has been ___ across the neurone ___ after a nerve impulse has been transmitted.

Select one or more of the following:

  • repolarised | potential difference | re-established | membrane

  • re-established | electrical difference | depolarised | membrane

  • resting | potential difference | re-established | cytoplasm

Explanation

Question 15 of 50

1

The resting potential is the product of the active transport of potassium ions in across the membrane and sodium ions out across the membrane only.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 16 of 50

1

The active transport of ___ in across the membrane & ___ out occurs by a ___ using energy from ___ .

Select one of the following:

  • potassium ions | sodium ions | K+/Na+ pump | ATP

  • sodium ions | potassium ions | K+/Na+ pump | ATP

  • potassium ions | sodium ions | K+/Na+ pump | ADP

Explanation

Question 17 of 50

1

Facilitated diffusion of ___ out and ___ back in occurs after an impulse has passed, but since the membrane is far more permeable to ___ flowing ___ than ___ it causes the tissue fluid ___ the neurone to contain many more ___ than are present in the ___ .

Select one of the following:

  • potassium | sodium | potassium | back out | sodium ions flowing in | outside | positive ions | cytoplasm inside

  • potassium | sodium | potassium | back out | sodium ions flowing in | inside | positive ions | cytoplasm outside

  • sodium | potassium | sodium | back out | potassium ions flowing in | outside | positive ions | cytoplasm inside

Explanation

Question 18 of 50

1

The ___ is the potential difference produced across the ___ of the nerve cell when stimulated, reversing the resting potential from from about ___ to ___ .

Select one of the following:

  • resting potential | plasma membrane | 40mV | -70mV

  • action potential | plasma membrane | -70mV | 40mV

  • action potential | cytoplasm | 70mV | -40mV

Explanation

Question 19 of 50

1

An action potential is triggered by a stimulus received at a receptor cell or sensitive nerve ending. The energy of the stimulus causes a temporary and local reversal of the resting potential -brief depolarisation.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 20 of 50

1

During a ___ the ___ located along the membrane are ___ .

Select one of the following:

  • resting potential | ion channels | closed

  • resting potential | globular protein channels | open

  • resting period | ion channels | closed

Explanation

Question 21 of 50

1

The transfer of energy of the stimulus first ___ the gates of the ___ in the ___ and ___ ___ ___, down their electrochemical gradient.

Select one of the following:

  • opens | sodium channels | plasma membrane | sodium ions | diffuse | in

  • opens | potassium channels | plasma membrane | potassium ions | diffuse | in

  • closes | sodium channels | plasma membrane | sodium ions | are carried across | into the cytoplasm

Explanation

Question 22 of 50

1

The electrical properties of an ion are due to its charge and its attraction to the opposite one; the chemical properties are due to concentration in the solution.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 23 of 50

1

When the ___ channels first open, the ___ becomes more ___ in comparison to the ___ of the neurone.

Select one of the following:

  • sodium | cytoplasm | positive | outside

  • potassium | cytoplasm | positive | outside

  • sodium | outside | positive | inside

  • potassium | cytoplasm | negative | outside

Explanation

Question 24 of 50

1

When the charge in a neurone has been ___ an ___ has been created. It then runs the length of the neurone fibre before a ___ begins to be ____ .

Select one of the following:

  • re-established | action potential | resting potential | established

  • reversed | resting potential | action potential | re-established

  • reversed | action potential | resting potential | re-eestablished

Explanation

Question 25 of 50

1

After the action potential has passed, the ___ channels close and the ___ channels open, allowing ___ to exit the cell into the fluid tissue outside down their electrochemical gradient. The inside of the cell becomes less ___ again and finally the potassium channels close and the ___ potential is ___ .

Select one of the following:

  • potassium | sodium | potassium | negative | resting | established

  • sodium | potassium | potassium | positive | resting | re-established

  • potassium |sodium | sodium | positive | action | re-established

Explanation

Question 26 of 50

1

Following the passage of the resting potential, the neurone fibre is no longer excitable for about 5 - 10 milliseconds and this is called the refractory period.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 27 of 50

1

The all or nothing principle refers to the fact that a stimulus must be at or above the minimum intensity known as the minimum threshold of stimulation, in order to initiate an action potential.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 28 of 50

1

As the intensity of the stimulus increases, the frequency at which the action potentials pass along the fibre increases.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 29 of 50

1

The ___ is the link point between two neurones.

Select one of the following:

  • Synapse

  • Sinus

  • Cyanide

  • Node Of Ranvier

Explanation

Question 30 of 50

1

A synapse consists of the ___ of the axon of a ___ and the ___ of a ___ .

Select one or more of the following:

  • synaptic node | pre-synaptic neurone | nucleus | post-synaptic neurone

  • synaptic knob | pre-synaptic neurone | cell body | post-synaptic neurone

  • synaptic knob | post-synaptic neurone | cell body | pre-synaptic neurone

  • synaptic knob | pre-synaptic neurone | dendrite | post-synaptic neurone

Explanation

Question 31 of 50

1

At the synapse neurones have direct contact.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 32 of 50

1

Between neurones there is a tiny gap called a synaptic cleft.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 33 of 50

1

Action potentials can only pass through a synaptic cleft via chemicals known as ___ .

Select one of the following:

  • Translators

  • Transmitter substances

  • Communicator Chemicals

Explanation

Question 34 of 50

1

Transmitter substances are produced in the ___ in the synaptic knob.

Select one of the following:

  • Ribosomes

  • Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

  • Mitochondria

  • Golgi Apparatus

Explanation

Question 35 of 50

1

Commonly occurring transmitter substances are..

Select one or more of the following:

  • Dopamine

  • Acetyl coenzyme A

  • Glutamic Acid

  • Botox

  • Noradrenalin

  • Serotonin

  • FSH

  • Acetylcholine (ACh)

Explanation

Question 36 of 50

1

The arrival of an action potential at the synaptic knob opens up ___ channels in the ____ membrane and these ions flow in from the synaptic cleft.

Select one or more of the following:

  • sodium | post-synaptic

  • potassium | pre-synaptic

  • calcium | pre-synaptic

  • calcium | post-synaptic

Explanation

Question 37 of 50

1

The calcium ions cause ___ of transmitter substances to fuse with the ___ synaptic membrane and release transmitter substances into the ___ .

Select one or more of the following:

  • vesicles | pre | synaptic cleft

  • sacs | pre | post-synaptic neurone

  • vesicles | post | synaptic cleft

Explanation

Question 38 of 50

1

The transmitter substance then diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds with ___ in the ___-synaptic neurone membrane.

Select one or more of the following:

  • transmitter proteins | post

  • receptor proteins | post

  • receptors| pre

Explanation

Question 39 of 50

1

The attachment of a transmitter molecule onto its receptor instantly opens the ion channel.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 40 of 50

1

When a molecule of ACh attaches to its receptor site, a potassium channel opens.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 41 of 50

1

As sodium ions rush in ___ of the __-synaptic neurone happens.

Select one of the following:

  • depolarisation | post

  • polarisation | post

  • depolarisation | pre

  • repolarisation | pre

Explanation

Question 42 of 50

1

As more and more molecules of ACh bind to receptor site and more sodium ion channels are opened, it is increasingly likely that depolarisation will reach the threshold level and generate an action potential.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 43 of 50

1

The process of build up in pre-synaptic membranes is called fascination.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 44 of 50

1

After some time enzyme action inactivates transmitter substances on receptors and this causes the ion channels to close, allowing a resting potential to be re-established in the post-synaptic neurone.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 45 of 50

1

The inactivated products from the transmitter substances re-enter the ___ and are re-synthesised into transmitter substance.

Select one or more of the following:

  • post-synaptic knob

  • pre-synaptic knob

  • pre-synaptic neurone

  • post-synaptic neurone

Explanation

Question 46 of 50

1

Hormones are chemical substances produced and secreted from the cells of ___ or ___ ___ .

Select one or more of the following:

  • ductless | exocrine | glands

  • ductless | endocrine | glands

  • ductless | endocrine | tissues

  • duct | endocrine | organs

Explanation

Question 47 of 50

1

Hormones are transported indiscriminately in the blood stream and act only at specific sites called target zones.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 48 of 50

1

Hormones are broken down in the ___ and the products are excreted in the ___ .

Select one of the following:

  • liver | kidneys

  • liver | gut

  • kidneys | liver

  • duodenum | lungs

Explanation

Question 49 of 50

1

A Hormone circulates in the blood stream only briefly, so to be effective long-acting hormones must be secreted continuously.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 50 of 50

1

A hormone released from the pancreas that regulates blood glucose is..

Select one of the following:

  • Adrenaline

  • Oestrogen

  • Insulin

  • Testosterone

Explanation

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