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Mammalian Biochemistry Class Test Prep

Question 1 of 60

1

Which of these is not a function of blood?

Select one of the following:

  • Transport of nutrients

  • Transport of signals (hormones etc)

  • Heat distribution

  • Hormone production

Explanation

Question 2 of 60

1

Which of these inorganic ions are not found in plasma?

Select one of the following:

  • Na+

  • Cl-

  • K+

  • Mg2+

Explanation

Question 3 of 60

1

Which of these is not a component of plasma?

Select one of the following:

  • Water

  • Small organics

  • Proteins

  • Red blood cells

Explanation

Question 4 of 60

1

How much water is contained in plasma?

Select one of the following:

  • 5-5.5L

  • 5.5-6L

  • 4.5-5L

  • 6-6.5L

Explanation

Question 5 of 60

1

Which is the most abundant serum protein?

Select one of the following:

  • Albumin

  • α1-globulins

  • β-globulins

  • γ-globulins

Explanation

Question 6 of 60

1

What is the normal range of protein concentration in serum?

Select one of the following:

  • 60-80 g/L

  • 50-70 g/L

  • 70-90 g/L

  • 40-60 g/L

Explanation

Question 7 of 60

1

What are the approximate proportions of Albumin?

Select one of the following:

  • ~55%

  • ~60%

  • ~50%

  • ~65%

Explanation

Question 8 of 60

1

What is the approximate proportion of immunoglobulin G?

Select one of the following:

  • ~15%

  • ~20%

  • ~10%

  • ~25%

Explanation

Question 9 of 60

1

Which of these is not involved in blood clotting?

Select one of the following:

  • Albumin

  • Thrombin

  • Fibrin

  • Plasmin

Explanation

Question 10 of 60

1

Which of these is a 66kDa polypeptide with 3 homologous domains each with different binding sites?

Select one of the following:

  • Albumin

  • α1-Proteinase Inhibitor

  • Transferrin

  • Haemoglobin

Explanation

Question 11 of 60

1

Which of the following is a 54kDa polypeptide with a 'bait' sequence for elastase binding?

Select one of the following:

  • α1-Proteinase Inhibitor

  • Albumin

  • Transferrin

  • Haemoglobin

Explanation

Question 12 of 60

1

Which of the following is a 77kDa polypeptide with 2 homologous domains each with an Fe binding site

Select one of the following:

  • Transferrin

  • Albumin

  • α1-Proteinase Inhibitor

  • Haemoglobin

Explanation

Question 13 of 60

1

Which of the following is not a Granulocyte

Select one of the following:

  • Neutrophils

  • Eiosinophils

  • Basophils

  • Lymphocytes

Explanation

Question 14 of 60

1

How many molecules of Haemoglobin are there in a red blood cell?

Select one of the following:

  • 250x10^6

  • 250x10^8

  • 250x10^7

  • 250x10^5

Explanation

Question 15 of 60

1

Which of the following is not present in a red blood cell?

Select one of the following:

  • Mitochondria

  • Cytoskeleton

  • Haemoglobin

  • Cell Membrane

Explanation

Question 16 of 60

1

Which of the following is a 64kDa tetrapolypeptide with 2 α-chains and 2 β-chains?

Select one of the following:

  • Haemoglobin

  • Albumin

  • Transferrin

  • α1-Proteinase Inhibitor

Explanation

Question 17 of 60

1

What percentage of humans have a Haemoglobin mutation?

Select one of the following:

  • 1%

  • 5%

  • 7%

  • 9%

Explanation

Question 18 of 60

1

Which of the following is not a main role of pattern recognition receptors?

Select one of the following:

  • To activate the cell to synthesise

  • To cause cells to release defensive molecules

  • To initiate phagocytosis or apoptosis

  • To carry out phagocytosis or apoptosis

Explanation

Question 19 of 60

1

Which of the following carries out phagocytosis

Select one of the following:

  • Neutrophils

  • Lymphocytes

  • Basophils

  • Eosinophils

Explanation

Question 20 of 60

1

Which of the following is not an anti microbial enzyme?

Select one of the following:

  • Lysozyme

  • Lacoperioxidase

  • Phopholipase A2

  • Superoxide dismutase

Explanation

Question 21 of 60

1

What is the size of anti-microbial peptides?

Select one of the following:

  • 3-5kDa

  • 2-4kDa

  • 4-6kDa

  • 5-7kDa

Explanation

Question 22 of 60

1

Which of the following is not an anti-microbial peptide?

Select one of the following:

  • Defensins

  • Histatins

  • Cathelicidins

  • Transferrins

Explanation

Question 23 of 60

1

Which of the following is not a feature of adaptive immunity?

Select one of the following:

  • Specificity

  • Memory

  • Tolerance

  • Rapid 1st Response

Explanation

Question 24 of 60

1

Which of the following is regarded as a type of lympocyte

Select one of the following:

  • B cell

  • T cell

  • Both B and T cell

  • Neither B or T cell

Explanation

Question 25 of 60

1

In vaccination, which of these methods is not used?

Select one of the following:

  • Using a related organism

  • Using a wild type strain

  • Using a recombinent antigen

  • Using an attenuated strain

Explanation

Question 26 of 60

1

Which of the following is a 150kDa tetrapolypeptide with 2 heavy amd 2 light chains

Select one of the following:

  • IgG

  • Haemoglobin

  • Albumin

  • Transferrin

Explanation

Question 27 of 60

1

IgG is made up of...

Select one of the following:

  • 2 50kDa chains and 2 25kDa chains

  • 1 75kDa chain and 3 25kDa chains

  • 2 75kDa chains

  • 3 50kDa chains

Explanation

Question 28 of 60

1

Which of these is a correct arrangement for polypeptide chains in IgG

Select one of the following:

  • γ2λ2

  • λ2κ2

  • γ2κλ

  • γ2γ2

Explanation

Question 29 of 60

1

How many Complementary-Determining Regions are there in a IgG molecule?

Select one of the following:

  • 12

  • 10

  • 8

  • 6

Explanation

Question 30 of 60

1

Which of the following contains 2 heavy chains (α) and two light chains (λ or κ)

Select one of the following:

  • IgA

  • IgM

  • IgD

  • IgE

Explanation

Question 31 of 60

1

Which of the following has 2 heavy chains (µ) and two light chains (λ or κ)

Select one of the following:

  • IgA

  • IgM

  • IgD

  • IgE

Explanation

Question 32 of 60

1

Which of the following has 2 heavy chains (δ) and two light chains (λ or κ)

Select one of the following:

  • IgA

  • IgM

  • IgD

  • IgE

Explanation

Question 33 of 60

1

Which of the following has 2 heavy chains (ε) and two light chains (λ or κ)

Select one of the following:

  • IgA

  • igD

  • IgM

  • IgE

Explanation

Question 34 of 60

1

The V domains on all the heavy chains are specified by

Select one of the following:

  • V segment

  • V and D segments

  • V, D and J segments

  • V and J segments

Explanation

Question 35 of 60

1

The V domains on all the light chains are specified by

Select one of the following:

  • V segment

  • V and D segments

  • V, D and J segments

  • V and J segments

Explanation

Question 36 of 60

1

Which of the following is false regarding Antibody-mediated immunity?

Select one of the following:

  • Directed towards extracellular antigens.

  • Recognition by BCRs on the B-cells.

  • Requires confirmation by Th-cells for antibody production

  • Directed towards intracellular antigens.

Explanation

Question 37 of 60

1

Which of the following statements regarding the MHC I and MHC II systems is false?

Select one of the following:

  • The are both highly polymorphic.

  • Both require 3 types of peptides

  • Individuals commonly have the same combination of MHC proteins

  • The binding sites of the MHC proteins recognise sets of peptides

Explanation

Question 38 of 60

1

Which of the following statements regarding T-cells is false?

Select one of the following:

  • From bone marrow

  • Mature in bone marrow

  • There are two types

  • Mature T-cells circulate and reside in lymphoid tissue

Explanation

Question 39 of 60

1

Which of the following statements is false?

Select one of the following:

  • All mitochondria come from the mother

  • Mitochondria have their own DNA

  • Mitochondria is found in all cell types

  • Mitochondria is involved with apoptosis

Explanation

Question 40 of 60

1

The body daily produces approximately...

Select one of the following:

  • 70kg ATP

  • 60kg ATP

  • 80kg ATP

  • 100kg ATP

Explanation

Question 41 of 60

1

What % of mitochondrial disorders are due to mtDNA mutations?

Select one of the following:

  • 10

  • 15

  • 20

  • 25

Explanation

Question 42 of 60

1

Which of the following statements regarding mtDNA is false?

Select one of the following:

  • Contains no introns

  • Contains a repair mechanism

  • Contains no repeats

  • Double stranded, circular

Explanation

Question 43 of 60

1

Which of the following can't be used for mitochondrial disease diagnosis

Select one of the following:

  • Maternal family history

  • Blood/CSF/Urine tests

  • Imaging Techniques

  • Paternal family history

Explanation

Question 44 of 60

1

Which mitochondrial disease has a very early onset of symptoms?

Select one of the following:

  • Leigh Syndrome

  • Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy

  • MELAS

  • Ophthalmoplegia

Explanation

Question 45 of 60

1

Which disorder is associated with "Ragged Red Fibers"

Select one of the following:

  • MERRF

  • NARP

  • MELAS

  • Pearson syndrome

Explanation

Question 46 of 60

1

Which of the following is not a radical?

Select one of the following:

  • Hydrogen peroxide

  • Hypoclorite

  • Singlet oxygen

  • Peroxynitrite

Explanation

Question 47 of 60

1

Which is the most reactive intermediate?

Select one of the following:

  • Hydroxyl radicals

  • Superoxide

  • Hydrogen Peroxide

  • Peroxynitrite

Explanation

Question 48 of 60

1

Which is the least reactive intermediate?

Select one of the following:

  • Hydrogen peroxide

  • Hydroxyl radicals

  • Superoxide

  • Peroxynitrite

Explanation

Question 49 of 60

1

Which is not a source of superoxide?

Select one of the following:

  • Enzymatic

  • Toxic compounds

  • Ionising Radiation

  • UV light

Explanation

Question 50 of 60

1

What enzyme is used to detoxify hydrogen peroxide?

Select one of the following:

  • Catalase

  • Superoxide dismutase

  • Hydrogen peroxidase

  • Hydrogen dismutase

Explanation

Question 51 of 60

1

(From Textbook) The production of antibodies in response to a foreign molecule is referred to as

Select one of the following:

  • a cellular immune response

  • a humoral immune response

  • an autoimmune response

Explanation

Question 52 of 60

1

(From textbook) An epitope is

Select one of the following:

  • the portion of an antibody which recognizes an antigen.

  • the protein of an antigen recognized by an antibody.

  • an internal signal in the B-lymphocytes initiating the production of antibodies.

Explanation

Question 53 of 60

1

(From textbook) The treatment of immunoglobulin G with papain results in the production of two types of fragments. Which of the following correctly relates these fragments to antigen binding?

Select one of the following:

  • The Fab fragment is capable of binding antigen but the Fc fragment is not.

  • The Fab fragment can bind antigen only in the presence of the Fc fragment.

  • The proteolytic action of papain abolishes the ability of the antibody fragments to bind antigen.

Explanation

Question 54 of 60

1

(From textbook) The immunoglobulin G molecule is composed of two heavy (H) and two light (L) chains. Which of the following is true regarding the relationship between these two types of chains and the Fab and Fc fragments?

Select one of the following:

  • The L chains are present only in the Fab fragment

  • The Fc fragment contains parts of both the H and L chains

  • Disulfide bonds linking H and L chains are found in both Fab and Fc fragments.

Explanation

Question 55 of 60

1

(From textbook) Hypervariable loops of the Fab portion of antibody molecules are involved in antigen binding. The amino acids forming these loops

Select one of the following:

  • come from the L chain only.

  • come from the H chain only.

  • come from both the H and L chains.

Explanation

Question 56 of 60

1

(From textbook) Genes for specific immunoglobulins are the product of rearrangement and linkage of V (variable) and C (constant) genes in the differentiation of lymphocytes. How does this process differ for the H and L chains?

Select one of the following:

  • J (joining) genes are used to link V and C genes in construction of genes for L chains but not H chains.

  • D (diversity) genes are used in place of J genes in construction of genes for H chains.

  • D (diversity) genes are used in conjunction with J genes in construction of genes for H chains.

Explanation

Question 57 of 60

1

(From textbook) T-cells scan the surface of cells and kill those that exhibit foreign markings. The form in which such cells are marked is

Select one of the following:

  • by proteins from intracellular pathogens being secreted by the target cells

  • by proteolytic products of intracellular pathogens being released from the target cells

  • by proteolytic products of intracellular pathogens being presented on the surface of the cells bound to the major histocompatibility complex.

Explanation

Question 58 of 60

1

(From textbook) Helper T cells also recognize foreign peptides displayed on the surface of cells in a complex with Class II MHC proteins. These peptides are the result of

Select one of the following:

  • degradation of an internal pathogen located in the cytosol.

  • degradation of proteins internalized by endocytosis.

  • foreign proteins being degraded by extracellular proteases

Explanation

Question 59 of 60

1

(From textbook) The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) responsible for acquired autoimmune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) subverts the immune system by destroying what type of cell?

Select one of the following:

  • B-lymphocytes

  • killer T cells

  • helper T cells

Explanation

Question 60 of 60

1

(From textbook) Thymocytes are produced in the bone marrow and converted to T cells in the thymus. Which of the following is NOT a selective process involved in this conversion?

Select one of the following:

  • Positive selection to assure that only T cells that bind MHC proteins will survive.

  • Negative selection to assure that T cells that bind MHC proteins too tightly will be destroyed.

  • Selection to assure that T cells bind to MHC proteins only in the presence of foreign peptides.

Explanation

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