Imaging Ch 5 & 6

Three main components of an x-ray system

What material are x-ray tables made of?

Ancillary equipment for tables

Most flexible type of tube support

Amount of Hz coming into incoming line current

Amount of voltage coming into incoming line current

Amperage in filament current

3 main conditions for x-ray production

Two sections of x-ray circuit

What two sections does the main circuit contain?

What two features are in the filament circuit?

What does the filament do?

Rheostat

What components are located on the control console?

Exposure switch is designed to prevent exposure before

What does the filament circuit do?

6 components of filament circuit

(in order)

What do the line monitor and compensator do?

Focal spot selector

Filament transformer - step up or step down?

Filament transformer increases _______ and decreases _________

Components of main circuit - primary side

Is autotransformer step-up or step-down?

Turns ratio for filament transformer

Turns ratio for autotransformer

Does the kVp meter register kVp before or after exposure?

kVp meter displays

What does the timer do?

Where is timer located in main circuit?

What is the first component of the secondary/high-voltage side of the main circuit?

Turns ratio of high-voltage transformer

When you select kVp, what two devices transform the incoming voltage into the kVp you selected?

Where is the mA meter located in the main circuit?

AEC registers mAs before or after exposure?

Rectifier

Where is rectifier located?

Transformer needs __ current; tube needs __ current

X-ray generator is a term for all components of the circuit that:

5 types of generators

Single-phase generator - pulses per second

Average voltage produced by single-phase generator

Voltage ripple of single-phase generator

Dead zone

Three-phase power, 6 pulse

Pulses per second in three-phase, 6 pulse

Voltage ripple in three-phase, 6 pulse

Three-phase, 6 pulse produces _____% more x-ray photons than single-phase

Pulses per second in three-phase, 12 pulse

Three phase, 12 pulse produces ___% more x-ray photons than single-phase

Voltage ripple in three-phase, 12 pulse

Advantages of 3Φ over 1Φ

Disadvantage of 3Φ compared to 1Φ

Pulses per second in high-frequency generator

Voltage ripple in high-voltage generatror

High-voltage generators produce ___% more energy than single-phase

Advantages/disadvantages of high-frequency generators

Less voltage ripple =

Single-phase tube generation factor

(energy)

3Φ6P; 3Φ12P; and High-frequency tube generation factor

(energy)

Falling load generator

Advantages of falling load generator

Disadvantages of falling load generator

2 types of mobile x-ray generators

Capacitor

Insulator material inside capacitors

Capacitor-discharge generator

Advantages of capacitor-discharge generator

Disadvantages of capacitor-discharge generator

How does a capacitor store energy?

What rate does voltage fall at in a capacitor-discharge unit

Battery-powered generator

What are batteries in battery-powered generator made of?

Advantages/disadvantages of battery-powered generators

Power rating equation for three-phase and high frequency

Power rating equation for single phase

Characteristics of synchronous timers

Electronic timer

mAs timer

Automatic exposure control

2 types of AEC

Phototimer

Ionization chambers

Minimum reaction or response time

AEC/AED Back up time

What does the x-ray tube consist of?

What is required in order to produce xrays?

Parts of cathode

Functions of cathode

What is the filament?

What temperature does thermionic emission occur at?

Melting point of tungsten

Focusing cup

What does the focusing cup do?

Space-charge effect

Saturation current

Grid biased tube

What does the filament current do?

What does the tube current do?

Parts of the anode

What is a stationary anode made of?

What is the target angle?

Where are they used?

Other terms used for target

Why is tungsten used in the target?

How fast do rotors spin?

What is the rotating anode disk made of?

What is the target made of?

What is the shaft/neck made of?

What is the rotor made of?

Line focus principle

What is the focal spot size determined by?

What degree are most targets angled at?

Advantages/disadvantages of large focal spot

Advantages/disadvantages of small focal spot

Anode heel effect

Cathode end produces ___% more photons, while anode end produces ____% less

What can decrease the anode heel effect?

How would a smaller focal size effect anode heel effect?

How does SID affect the anode heel effect?

What is the stator composed of?

Where is the stator located?

What is the rotor made of and where is it located?

What are the two stages that occur when you press the exposure button?

Envelope

Function of protective housing

What is protective housing made of?

Useful beam

Leakage radiation

Off-focus radiation

Heat unit equation

Causes of tube failure

What causes anode cracking?

What causes ball bearing damage in the rotor?

What causes tube arcing?

What is a gassy tube?

What is anode pitting?

What is anode melting?