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The need for implants
Implant limitations
Biocompatibility
Classes of biomaterials
Bioreactivity spectrum: relative bioreactivity of the course of implantation time
Main causes of hip implant failure
Stress shielding
Osteochondral regeneration
THR types
PMMA: how does it work?
Problems with PMMA
Bioactive coatings
Effect of loading environment
Aseptic loosening
Wear
Wear particles: the problem
Solution to wear: UHMWPE
Problems with UHMPWE
Solutions
Metal-metal: advantages and disadvantages
Ceramic on ceramic
Transplants
Regeneration over reabsorption: Resorbable bioceramics - degrade over time and be replaced by natural host tissue ( better than autografts?)
Bioglass
3D printing of scaffolds
Summary: J Jones lecture
What is a scaffold?
What surgeons want - not always what developers make
Ideal scaffold properties for regeneration
Mechanical properties of a scaffold for bone regeneration
Mechanical properties vs biodegradation: scaffolds
Interconnected porosity
Cartilage structure
Challenges with osteochondral scaffolds
Biomaterials generations
Bioceramics properties
Polymers
Manufacturing techniques
Composite
Hybrids
Tissue engineering
Strategies for tissue engineering
The need for tissue engineering
Current treatments for OA
Whole organ transplantation problems
Goal of tissue engineering
Three main pillars of tissue engineering
ACI limitations
Adult stem cells
MSCs
Tissue specific stem cells
Tissue specific stem cells advantages and disadvantages
Pluripotent stem cells
Scaffold in tissue engineering
Natural matieral scaffolds: collagen, fibrin, hyaluronon
Synthetic matierals: e.g. polymers, ceramics, bioactive glass
The importance of scaffold mechanical properties
Growth factors and signalling factors
Mechanical stimulation
Environmental factors
Cartilage regeneration: Composition
Cartilage functions
Composition of cartilage
Role of ECM in defining mechanical properties of cartilage
