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Bethany.
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AQA A2 English Language (B)- Child language acquisition and language change

Question 1 of 42

1

In the stages of phonological development, which of the stages are at 12-18 months approximately?

Select one of the following:

  • Vegetative

  • Cooing

  • Babbling

  • Proto-words

  • Holophrastic

  • Two word

  • Telegraphic

  • Post-telegraphic

Explanation

Question 2 of 42

1

During what stage do children of different nationalities sound different?

Select one of the following:

  • Vegetative

  • Cooing

  • Babbling

  • Holophrastic

  • Two word

  • Telegraphic

  • Post-telegraphic

Explanation

Question 3 of 42

1

In the stages of phonological development, which of the stages are at 12-18 months approximately?

Select one of the following:

  • Vegetative

  • Cooing

  • Babbling

  • Proto-words

  • Holophrastic

  • Two word

  • Telegraphic

  • Post-telegraphic

Explanation

Question 4 of 42

1

The consonants 'm' and 'n' are what type of sound?

Select one of the following:

  • Nasals

  • Laterals

  • Plosives

  • Fricatives

  • Affricatives

  • Approximants

Explanation

Question 5 of 42

1

What are the types of phonological errors?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Substitution

  • Overextension

  • Deletion

  • Cluster reduction

  • Virtuous errors and overgeneralisations

  • Addition

  • Assimilation

  • Reduplification

  • Proto

Explanation

Question 6 of 42

1

Skinner believed there was an innate mechanism known as the LAD.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 7 of 42

1

What are the problems of the LAD?

Select one or more of the following:

  • All children gain the same features at the same time.

  • Similar grammar is used throughout languages.

  • No location of the mechanism is found.

  • Underestimates the significance of Skinner's imitation theory.

  • It is based on anecdotal evidence.

Explanation

Question 8 of 42

1

Which of the following are contextual cues?

Select one of the following:

  • Intonation, stress and non-verbal communication.

  • Intonation, person's name and contextual cues.

  • Holophrases, stress and grammatical structures.

  • LADs, stress and non-verbal communication.

Explanation

Question 9 of 42

1

Name the types of holophrases.

Select one of the following:

  • Imperatives, exclamatives, intergratives and declaratives.

  • Exclamatives, telegraphic, naming and modifiers.

  • Interrogatives, declaratives, exclamatives and imperatives.

  • Declaratives, proto-word, actions and events.

Explanation

Question 10 of 42

1

Name the types of holophrases.

Select one of the following:

  • Imperatives, exclamatives, intergratives and declaratives.

  • Exclamatives, telegraphic, naming and modifiers.

  • Interrogatives, declaratives, exclamatives and imperatives.

  • Declaratives, proto-word, actions and events.

Explanation

Question 11 of 42

1

50%of first words were nouns.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 12 of 42

1

What was the percentage of personal/social words?

Select one of the following:

  • 18%

  • 8%

  • 28%

  • 80%

Explanation

Question 13 of 42

1

Nouns are function words.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 14 of 42

1

Calling a cat a dog is underextension.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 15 of 42

1

Who said overextension is more common?

Select one of the following:

  • Eve Clark

  • Leslie Rescorla

  • Jean Aitchinson

Explanation

Question 16 of 42

1

What are the three stages of linking lexical and semantic development?

Select one of the following:

  • Labelling, packaging and network building.

  • Labelling, requesting and protesting.

  • Holophrase, two word and telegraphic.

Explanation

Question 17 of 42

1

Inflectional morphology is where new words are created through prefixes and suffixes.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 18 of 42

1

How do you work out the mean letter utterance?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Add morphemes. This does not include bound morphemes.

  • Add morphemes. This includes bound morphemes.

  • Divide by the number of people.

  • Divide by the number of utterances.

Explanation

Question 19 of 42

1

Which of the following account for the morphemes developed in the post-telegraphic stage of morphological development?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Present tense progressive: -ing.

  • Determiners.

  • Quantifiers.

  • Plural: -s.

  • Possessive: 's

  • Past tense regular -ed.

Explanation

Question 20 of 42

1

Discovery learning is learning through doing as thought shapes language.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 21 of 42

1

Adverbials are parts of the clause that can't be removed.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 22 of 42

1

Wh- questions are more difficult to form than yes/no questions.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 23 of 42

1

Aitchinson developed the stages of questions and negatives.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 24 of 42

1

Jean Berko proved overgeneralisations occur through the Wug test.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 25 of 42

1

Instrumental, regulatory, interactional, personal, representational, imaginative and heuristic were introduced by who?

Select one of the following:

  • Dore

  • Halliday

Explanation

Question 26 of 42

1

In play, young children often we use props/pivots, whereas, older children use their imagination.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 27 of 42

1

Concrete operational is the stage where object permanence develops.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 28 of 42

1

Name the features common in CDS.

Select one or more of the following:

  • Prosodic features, e.g. high pitch.

  • Wh- questions.

  • Repetition of sentence frames.

  • Short elliptical sentences.

  • Abstract nouns.

  • Few verbs/modifiers.

Explanation

Question 29 of 42

1

Why are animals used as characters in reading books?

Select one of the following:

  • They are not humans and they are boring.

  • Able to personify emotion, they are fun and subvert the stereotype.

Explanation

Question 30 of 42

1

What are the stages of Brumer's LASS in developing reading?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Gaining attention.

  • Sensorimotor.

  • Query.

  • Feedback

  • Labelling.

  • Practicing.

  • Heuristic.

Explanation

Question 31 of 42

1

What factors influence language change?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Volcanic eruptions.

  • Wars and invasions.

  • Migration, travel and globalisation.

  • Science and technology.

  • New inventions.

  • Social, cultural and ideological changes.

  • Shakespeare's hairstyle.

Explanation

Question 32 of 42

1

Diminutive suffix softens the meaning.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 33 of 42

1

One of the ways that language changes is through adapting/reusing words, examples include:

Select one or more of the following:

  • Eponym

  • Grammatical conversion

  • Neologism/coinage

  • Affixiation

  • Proprietary names

  • Obsolete

  • Compound

  • Back formation

  • Blend

Explanation

Question 34 of 42

1

Amelioration is where language loses status and takes a more negative meaning.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 35 of 42

1

Orthography is the study of punctuation.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 36 of 42

1

ſ was replaced by the s in the 19th century.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 37 of 42

1

When was Johnson's dictionary developed which was the most popular and important in the process of standardisation?

Select one of the following:

  • 1755

  • 1775

  • 1975

  • 1875

  • 1777

Explanation

Question 38 of 42

1

Jean Aitchinson believed in the 'crumbling castle view', the 'infectious disease assumption' and the 'damp spoon'.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 39 of 42

1

What are the features that Jonathan Swift believed language was decaying as a result?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Contracted words

  • Shortening verbs

  • Monosyllabic verbs

  • Elongating verbs

  • Barbarism

Explanation

Question 40 of 42

1

Dr Johnson invented the first dictionary.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 41 of 42

1

Why is language standardised?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Prescriptivists hate all language.

  • It gives language prestige.

  • It gives language a national identity.

  • It reintroduces Morse code.

  • It allows people of the same language to communicate effectively.

  • It prevents language being stolen.

Explanation

Question 42 of 42

1

Norman Fairclough brought forward the idea of informalisation.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

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