Zoila Rojas
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1 Neuro (Neurophysiology) Quiz on Neurophysiology Quiz: Lecture 5-8, created by Zoila Rojas on 19/03/2016.

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Zoila Rojas
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Neurophysiology Quiz: Lecture 5-8

Question 1 of 54

1

Which one of these is true about sensory information?

Select one of the following:

  • It is the process by which the brain makes interpretations about a stimulus.

  • It is a process that can be tested by using a nerve conduction study.

  • It is the process by which the stimulus is sent to the appropriate cortical region.

  • It is the process by which intensity of responsiveness to stimulus is regulated by the body.

Explanation

Question 2 of 54

1

Which of these is true about sensation?

Select one of the following:

  • Can be tested by a nerve conduction study.

  • It is the process by which stimulus gets sent to appropriate cortical region.

  • It is the process by which we make meaningful explanations about stimulus.

  • It is the ability to distinguish between different sensation modalities.

Explanation

Question 3 of 54

1

The ability to make meaningful interpretations about a variety of stimuli...

Select one of the following:

  • is performed by integration of association areas in the brain.

  • is a process very similar to sensory discrimination in occupational therapy.

  • all of these are true

  • none of these are true

Explanation

Question 4 of 54

1

Which of these is true about primary afferent axons?

Select one of the following:

  • A-alpha fibers transmit diffuse pain signals, like chronic pain.

  • A-beta fibers have the largest diameter and are the most myelinated, they carry mechanosensation.

  • A-delta fibers are less myelinated than a-beta and have a smaller diameter size, the carry acute pain information.

  • C-fibers carry proprioception information and are the smallest diameter and are not myelinated.

  • C-fiber and a-delta fibers both carry pain, temperature and itch sensation.

Explanation

Question 5 of 54

1

Merkel's disc...

Select one of the following:

  • are subcutaneous mechanoreceptors

  • send information via A-delta axons

  • are sensitive to deep touch

  • are sensitive to superficial pressure

  • are sensitive to stretch

  • are tonic receptors

Explanation

Question 6 of 54

1

Which of these is not a subcutaneous mechanoreceptor?

Select one of the following:

  • hair follicle receptor

  • pacinian corpuscle

  • ruffini endings

  • free nerve endings

Explanation

Question 7 of 54

1

Meissner's corpuscle...

Select one of the following:

  • send signals via a-beta axon and are sensitive to deep vibration

  • are subcutaneous mechanoreceptors

  • have the same adaptation rate as pacinian corpuscles

  • have large receptive fields

  • are sensitive to sustained touch

Explanation

Question 8 of 54

1

Pacinian corpuscles...

Select one of the following:

  • have the same adaptation rate as ruffini endings

  • are sensitive to light vibration

  • are superficial mechanoreceptors

  • have large receptive fields

  • respond to stretch in skin

Explanation

Question 9 of 54

1

Which of these is true about ruffini endings?

Select one of the following:

  • respond to stretch

  • subcutaneous receptors

  • have same adaptation rate as pacinian corpuscle.

  • these are all true.

Explanation

Question 10 of 54

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

respond to sustained touch and superficial pressure. respond to light touch and vibration. They are both mechanoreceptors.

Explanation

Question 11 of 54

1

Which of these is a factor that influences tactile discrimination?

Select one of the following:

  • areas with higher density of mechanoreceptors have greater tactile discrimination

  • body parts with small cortical representations have greater tactile discrimination

  • the receptive field size of pacinian corpsucles allow for greater tactile discrimination

  • the smaller the number of receptors in a given region the finer two-point discrimination you can make

Explanation

Question 12 of 54

1

Which of these is true about the adaptation rate of mechanoreceptors?

Select one of the following:

  • Receptors like pacinian corpuscle have a sustained response to a stimulus

  • merkel's disc and meissner's corpuscles generate a sustained response to stimulus

  • phasic receptors respond quickly but if the stimulus persists they habituate and stop firing

  • none of these are true

Explanation

Question 13 of 54

1

Which of these is not true about somatotopy?

Select one of the following:

  • The hands, face and mouth have a large somatotopic representation in the cortex.

  • The back and calves have a small somatotopic representation in the cortex.

  • Areas with high density of mechanoreceptors also have a bigger representation in sensory cortex.

  • People with phantom limb pain experience pain because they receptors for pain are still their but the sensory cortex for that limb is not.

Explanation

Question 14 of 54

1

Dermatomes...

Select one of the following:

  • are areas of the skin innervated by left and right dorsal roots and single spinal segment

  • information coming from the skin and entering at that particular level

  • are used to understand sensory deficits of a spinal cord injury

  • all of these are true

Explanation

Question 15 of 54

1

Which of these is true about neglect syndrome?

Select one of the following:

  • damage on right side of brain causes person to be unable to see objects in left visual field

  • damage on right side of brain causes person to be unaware of any type of stimulus on left side of body or visual field

  • damage on the right side of brain causes person to be unaware of any type of stimulus on left sid eof body or visual field, resolved by turning head to side

  • person is unable to identify object by touch

Explanation

Question 16 of 54

1

Stereognosis

Select one of the following:

  • is a process mediated by anterior parietal cortex

  • is the process of integrating all senses to identify object

  • is the process of identifying object by touch and no sight

  • problem with visual tracts and inability to see in left visual field

Explanation

Question 17 of 54

1

Which of these is true about dorsal column medial lemniscal and spinothalamic tract?

Select one of the following:

  • the DCML and ST carry A-beta axons

  • the point of decussation for the DCML is at the medulla, the point of decussation for ST is at the level where it enters

  • the DCML carries a-beta and a-delta fibers whereas the ST carries c fibers

  • the ST has a more detailed projection to thalamus and cortex than the DCML

  • the transmission of information is slower in the DCML than in the ST

Explanation

Question 18 of 54

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

is the negative feeling you experience. are free branching unmyelinated never endings. is the conduction of information along pain pathways.

Explanation

Question 19 of 54

1

Sensitivity to pain in tissue that have already been damaged is..

Select one of the following:

  • nocioception

  • hyperalgesia

  • primary hyperalgesia

  • secondary hyperalgesia

Explanation

Question 20 of 54

1

Which of these increases sensitivity to other stimuli in nociceptors after an injury?

Select one of the following:

  • prostagladins

  • bradykins

  • substance P

  • K+ ions

Explanation

Question 21 of 54

1

Bradykins...

Select one of the following:

  • directly depolarize nociceptors

  • cause vasodilation in the region

  • causes swelling in region

  • acts on mast cells

Explanation

Question 22 of 54

1

Substance P...

Select one of the following:

  • is a neurotransmitter

  • is released by nociceptors

  • acts on white blood cells - mast cells - to release histamine

  • causes redness and swelling in region

  • all of these are true

Explanation

Question 23 of 54

1

Substance P and histamine....

Select one of the following:

  • cause redness and swelling in region

  • are neurotransmitters

  • are released by mast cells

  • has impact on action potential

Explanation

Question 24 of 54

1

COX-1...

Select one of the following:

  • is a necessary enzyme for synthesizing bradykins

  • ensures natural mucus lining of stomach

  • can be inhibited to decrease sensitivity of primary hyperalgesia

  • when inhibited does not affect stomach lining

Explanation

Question 25 of 54

1

C fibers...

Select one of the following:

  • have an excitatory effect on gate interneurons, activitating gate and allowing transmission of pain information

  • have an inhibitory effect on gate interneuron, inactivating gate and allowing transmission of pain information

  • have an excitatory effect on gate interneuron, activating gate and stopping transmission of pain information

  • have an inhibitory effect on gate interneurons, inactivating gate and stopping transmission of pain information

Explanation

Question 26 of 54

1

Simultaneous firing of a-beta/a-alpha and c fiber axons at the gate interneuron could result in...

Select one of the following:

  • activation of gate interneuron and closing off of pain transmission

  • inactivation of gate interneuron and closing off of pain transmission

  • activation of gate interneuron and continued transmission pain information

  • inactivation of gate interneuron and continued transmission of pain information

Explanation

Question 27 of 54

1

Which of these is not true about PAG?

Select one of the following:

  • causes direct release of serotonin

  • receives information about emotional status from amydala and prefrontal cortex

  • sends projections to raphe nuclei to release serotonin

  • when directly stimulated there is a decrease in pain

Explanation

Question 28 of 54

1

Endorphins...

Select one of the following:

  • are released by raphe nuclei

  • are widely distributed in CNS but concentrated in DCML tract

  • increase release of glutamate

  • inhibit release of glutamate

Explanation

Question 29 of 54

1

Which one of these neurotransmitter is used by the spinothalamic tract to aid in transmission of pain?

Select one of the following:

  • serotonin

  • endorphins

  • ACTH

  • glutamate

  • substance P

Explanation

Question 30 of 54

1

Which of these is true about opioids?

Select one of the following:

  • endorphins are opioids

  • opioids bind tightly to glutamate receptors to inhibit transmission of pain

  • profound analgesic with few side effects

  • released during states of flow

Explanation

Question 31 of 54

1

Which of these is NOT true about acupuncture?

Select one of the following:

  • at the spinal level stimulates endorphin releasing cells to inhibit pain at that level

  • causes release of enkaphalin by PAG which in turn causes release of serotonin and norepinephrine

  • modulates effect of secondary hyperalgesia

  • modulates effect of primary hyperalgesia

Explanation

Question 32 of 54

1

Which of these is not proprioceptive information?

Select one of the following:

  • current position of joints

  • tension on tendons

  • deep vibration

  • high frequency vibration

  • kinesthesia

Explanation

Question 33 of 54

1

Which of these is not part or directly communicates with muscle spindles?

Select one of the following:

  • nuclear bag fibers

  • 1a afferents

  • alpha motor efferent

  • gamma motor efferent

Explanation

Question 34 of 54

1

Quick stretch activates which structure:

Select one of the following:

  • muscle spindle

  • nuclear bag fiber in muscle spindle

  • muscle fiber

  • golgi tendon organ

Explanation

Question 35 of 54

1

Gamma motor neurons....

Select one of the following:

  • adjust sensitivity of muscle spindle to changes in muscle length

  • synapse with alpha motor neurons in anterior horn

  • are located in the dorsal horn of spinal cord

  • adjust sensitivity of muscle fibers to changes in muscle length

Explanation

Question 36 of 54

1

In the myotatic stretch reflex

Select one of the following:

  • stretched muscle spindles facilitate alpha motor neuron discharge

  • gamma motor neurons discharge in response to muscle stretch

  • II afferent synapses with alpha motor neurons

  • 1a afferent axons travels from DRG to synapse with alpha motor neurons at dorsal horn

Explanation

Question 37 of 54

1

Which of these is true about Golgi tendon organs?

Select one of the following:

  • the GTO is located in the intrafusal fibers of the muscle

  • Its II afferent axons from GTO send signals to interneuron in dorsal horn where they synapse with alpha motor neurons

  • has the same effect on alpha motor neurons as the 1a afferent of nuclear bag fibers

  • is stimulated by muscle stretch

  • loss of GTO organs results in an inability to modulate muscle force

Explanation

Question 38 of 54

1

The lower motor neuron

Select one of the following:

  • refers to the communication between an alpha motor neuron to muscle fiber

  • refers to communication between a gamma motor neuron and muscle spindle

  • refers to communication between gammas motor neuron and muscle fiber

  • refers to communication between alpha motor neuron and muscle spindle

Explanation

Question 39 of 54

1

Which of these is true about different type of muscle fibers?

Select one of the following:

  • deep postural muscle are made up entirely of slow oxidative fibers

  • muscles that maintain stability and posture are made up of type 2 fibers

  • fast glycolitic muscles are recruited first for a given movement

  • after brain damage there is spasticity in muscles that are largely dominated by white muscle fibers

  • white fibers are slow to contract

Explanation

Question 40 of 54

1

Which of these is not true about alpha motor neurons?

Select one of the following:

  • each muscle fiber is innervated by a single alpha motor neuron

  • alpha motor neurons innervate several muscle fibers

  • the greater the number of alpha motor neurons firing the greater the number of muscle fibers recruited

  • a motor unit is the total number of alpha motor neurons that innervate a single muscle

Explanation

Question 41 of 54

1

The greater the innervation ratio of motor units, the more likely that muscle is responsible for precise movements.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 42 of 54

1

Which of these is not true about motor units?

Select one of the following:

  • fast motor units are made largely of white muscle fibers

  • the axon's that innervate muscle fibers that are used for high endurance activities have a large diameter

  • the firing properties of neurons that innervate muscles for high endurance are low frequency and steady

  • muscles that rapidly fatigue are innervated by axons with high velocity conduction

Explanation

Question 43 of 54

1

The collection of alpha motor neurons that innervate a single muscle is...

Select one of the following:

  • a motor unit

  • a motor neuron pool

  • an interneuron pool

  • all of the above

Explanation

Question 44 of 54

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

The is the outer covering the muscle fiber. The is the outer covering of the that make up the muscle fiber. s make up of the myofibrils and contains two types of filaments made up of and .

Explanation

Question 45 of 54

1

The structures that allows communication between the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the sarcolemma are the

Select one of the following:

  • t-tubules

  • myofibril

  • actin

Explanation

Question 46 of 54

1

The z-line is the boundary between two adjacent...

Select one of the following:

  • sarcolemmas

  • sarcomeres

  • myofibrils

  • muscle fibers

Explanation

Question 47 of 54

1

Which of these is structures is store house for the Ca+2 ions responsible for mediating muscle contraction?

Select one of the following:

  • sarcolemma

  • sarcoplasmic reticulum

  • t-tubules

  • myofibril

Explanation

Question 48 of 54

1

Which of these is true about troponin?

Select one of the following:

  • Blocks actin from binding onto site on myosin thick filament

  • Blocks myosin from binding onto site on actin thin filament

  • Presence facilitates binding of myosin and actin during contraction

  • Ca2+ binds unto myosin and exposes actin to binding with troponin

Explanation

Question 49 of 54

1

Which of these is true about ACh role during muscle contraction?

Select one of the following:

  • binds to nicotinic receptors on post synaptic neuron

  • is released by gamma motor neuron

  • binds to nicotinic receptor of sarcoplasmic reticiulum

  • binds to nicotinic receptors of sarcolemma

Explanation

Question 50 of 54

1

Which of these is true about action potential during muscle contraction?

Select one of the following:

  • with enough alpha motor neurons firing on muscle fiber an action potential will be generated

  • a single excitatory action potential in muscle fiber will generate an action potential

  • action potential sweeps between adjacent sarcomeres via t-tubules

  • none of these are true

Explanation

Question 51 of 54

1

Which of these is true about muscle contraction?

Select one of the following:

  • ACh binds to troponin so that myosin binding sites may be exposed to actin

  • calcium ions released from sarcolemma binds to troponin so that actin may bind to troponin

  • as long as ACh and ATP are available muscle contraction will continue

  • shortening of sarcomere via actin filaments coming closer together is muscle contraction

Explanation

Question 52 of 54

1

Reuptake of ACh in synaptic cleft causes muscle to stop contracting and relax.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 53 of 54

1

Which substance stops release of ACh from alpha motor neurons?

Select one of the following:

  • calcium

  • endorphins

  • botox

  • acupuncture

Explanation

Question 54 of 54

1

All muscles that are primarily made of red fibers are made up of small motor units.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

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