Stem cells and differentiation Biology AS cellular organisation

Question 1 of 16

1

What are stem cells?

Select one of the following:

They are cells that are specialised to carry out their function.
They are unspecialised cells that can develop into a different types of cell.
They are cells that are in plant stems.

Explanation

Question 2 of 16

2

Where are stem cells found in humans?

Select one or more of the following:

Heart
Kidney
Bone Marrow
Lungs
Early embryos
Tissue fluid

Explanation

Question 3 of 16

6

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Stem cells to become new cells, which then become .
The process by which a cell becomes specialised for its job is called .
Stem cells are able to divide to produce more cells, i.e. they can themselves.
In animals, stem cells are used to damaged cells.

Explanation

Question 4 of 16

8

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Bones are living ( organs, systems, structures ), containing ( nerves, neurons, neutrophils ) and ( blood vessels, collagen, elastic fibres ).
The main bones in the body have ( marrows, memory cells, meristem ) in their centres.
Here, adult stem cells ( divide, join, move ) and ( differentiate, change, go ) to replace worn out blood cells – ( erythrocytes, phagocytes, neutrophils ) (red blood cells) and ( neutrophils, erythrocytes, phagocytes ) (white blood cells to fight infection).

Explanation

Question 5 of 16

8

Plants are always ❌ so they need new ❌ and roots throughout their lives.
Stem cells in plants can ❌ into various plant tissues.
In plants, stem cells are found in ❌ (place where ❌ can take place).
In the root and the stem, stem cells of the ❌ divide and differentiate to become ❌ vessels and ❌ sieve tubes.

Drag and drop to complete the text.

growing

photosynthesising

respiring

shoots

leaves

differentiate

divide

change

meristems

marrow

mesophyll

vascular cambium

ventricle

veins

growth

respiration

photosynthesis

xylem

phloem

Explanation

Question 6 of 16

2

What are the uses of stem cells in medicine?

Select one or more of the following:

Scientists think they can be used to repair damaged tissue (e.g. heart)
Scientists think they can be used to treat neurological disorders (like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s).
Scientists think they can be used to cure bacterial diseases like TB.
Scientists think they can enable doctors to diagnose illnesses instantly.

Explanation

Question 7 of 16

9

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Heart disease means the tissue is so the body can’t replace damaged heart cells. Researchers are trying to develop ways of using stem cells to make heart cells to repair the damaged tissue.

Alzheimer’s  nerve cells in brain in increasing numbers causing severe loss. Researchers hope to use stem cells to regrow healthy cells in people with Alzheimer’s.

Parkinson’s disease causes uncontrollable tremors. Loss of cells in the brain that produce dopamine, which is needed to movement. Transplanted stem cells may help to the dopamine-producing cells.

Explanation

Question 8 of 16

3

Red blood cells have the following functions and adaptations:

Select one or more of the following:

They carry oxygen in the blood.
They have a biconcave disc shape so their is a larger surface area for gas exchange.
They have no nucleus so there is more room for haemoglobin.
They have a biconvex disc shape to give a larger surface area.
They send signals to the central nervous system.
They defend body against disease.

Explanation

Question 9 of 16

1

What is the function of a neutrophil?

Select one of the following:

To defend the body against disease.
To transport oxygen.
To send signals to brain.

Explanation

Question 10 of 16

3

What are the adaptations of a neutrophil?

Select one or more of the following:

Flexible shape allows them to engulf pathogens/foreign particles.
Many lysosomes in cytoplasm have digestive enzymes to break down engulfed particles
They have many mitochondria to provide energy for active transport
They have no nucleus.
They have multi-lobed nucleus.
They have cilia on their surface to beat pathogens away.

Explanation

Question 11 of 16

7

❌ cells cover the surfaces of organs.
Cells joined by ❌ membranes and membranes at base.
Ciliated epithelia (airways) have ❌ that beat to remove particles away.
Other ones (in ❌ intestine) have ❌ to increase their surface area.
❌ epithelia (in lungs) are very thin to allow efficient diffusion of ❌

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Epithelial

Skin

Surface

interlinking

plasma

cilia

root hairs

microvilli

goblet cells

small

large

Squamous

gases

water

Explanation

Question 12 of 16

6

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

( Sperm, Egg ) cells have a flagellum so they can ( swim, jump ) to the egg.
Have lots of ( mitochondria, lysosomes ) to provide ( energy, enzymes ) to swim.
( Acrosome, Phagosome ) in head contains ( digestive, biological ) enzymes to enable sperm to penetrate the surface of the egg.

Explanation

Question 13 of 16

1

Palisade mesophyll cells are in the roots.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 14 of 16

4

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

mesophyll cells do most of .
They contain many so absorb lots of sunlight.
They have walls – so CO2 can easily diffuse into the cell.

Explanation

Question 15 of 16

6

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

( Root hair, Epithelium, Meristem ) cells:
absorb water + ( mineral ions, carbon dioxide, waste ) from soil.
have a ( large, small ) surface area for absorption.
Have thin, ( permeable, long, impermeable ) wall for entry of water and ions.
Have extra ( mitochondria, lysosomes, ribosomes ) (energy for active transport) in their ( cytoplasm, plasma membrane, vacuole ).

Explanation

Question 16 of 16

7

❌ cells are found in ❌ with gap between them to form ❌.
These are tiny pores in surface of leaf for ❌ exchange.
In light, guard cells take up water and become ❌ (swollen).
Thin outer walls and thickened inner walls force them to bend outwards, ❌ stomata.
Allows gas exchange for ❌.

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Guard

palisade mesophyll

companion

pairs

triplets

stoma

stem cells

gas

water

solute

turgid

flaccid

small

opening

closing

photosynthesis

respiration

	Created by Aaisha Ahmed over 8 years ago

AS - Level Biology Quiz on Stem cells and differentiation Biology AS cellular organisation, created by Aaisha Ahmed on 02/04/2016.

Stem cells and differentiation Biology AS cellular organisation

Question 1 of 16

What are stem cells?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 2 of 16

Where are stem cells found in humans?

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 3 of 16

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Stem cells to become new cells, which then become . The process by which a cell becomes specialised for its job is called . Stem cells are able to divide to produce more cells, i.e. they can themselves. In animals, stem cells are used to damaged cells.

Explanation

Question 4 of 16

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

Explanation

Question 5 of 16

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Explanation

Question 6 of 16

What are the uses of stem cells in medicine?

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 7 of 16

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Explanation

Question 8 of 16

Red blood cells have the following functions and adaptations:

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 9 of 16

What is the function of a neutrophil?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 10 of 16

What are the adaptations of a neutrophil?

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 11 of 16

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Explanation

Question 12 of 16

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

Explanation

Question 13 of 16

Palisade mesophyll cells are in the roots.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 14 of 16

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

mesophyll cells do most of . They contain many so absorb lots of sunlight. They have walls – so CO2 can easily diffuse into the cell.

Explanation

Question 15 of 16

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

Explanation

Question 16 of 16

❌ cells are found in ❌ with gap between them to form ❌. These are tiny pores in surface of leaf for ❌ exchange. In light, guard cells take up water and become ❌ (swollen). Thin outer walls and thickened inner walls force them to bend outwards, ❌ stomata. Allows gas exchange for ❌.

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Explanation

Stem cells to become new cells, which then become .
The process by which a cell becomes specialised for its job is called .
Stem cells are able to divide to produce more cells, i.e. they can themselves.
In animals, stem cells are used to damaged cells.

mesophyll cells do most of .
They contain many so absorb lots of sunlight.
They have walls – so CO2 can easily diffuse into the cell.

❌ cells are found in ❌ with gap between them to form ❌.
These are tiny pores in surface of leaf for ❌ exchange.
In light, guard cells take up water and become ❌ (swollen).
Thin outer walls and thickened inner walls force them to bend outwards, ❌ stomata.
Allows gas exchange for ❌.