Virology (week 7)

Question 1 of 58

1

What genera belong to the family Coronaviridae?

Select one or more of the following:

Torovirus
Coronavirus
Orbivirus
Rotavirus

Explanation

Question 2 of 58

1

What is interesting about the coronavirus genera?

Select one of the following:

They cause a wide variety of clinical disease
The virus is highly stable in the environment, surviving years without a host
The virus is resistant to pH
The virus causes latent infection

Explanation

Question 3 of 58

1

What clinical symptoms do coronaviruses cause?

Select one or more of the following:

Enteric
Neurological
Respiratory
Immunological

Explanation

Question 4 of 58

1

What is the basic structure of coronaviridae?

Select one of the following:

Non-enveloped, spherical, single stranded positive sense RNA
Enveloped, spherical, single stranded positive sense RNA
Enveloped, spherical, single stranded DNA
Enveloped, spherical, double stranded positive sense RNA
Non-enveloped, spherical, double stranded positive sense RNA

Explanation

Question 5 of 58

1

What areas of the body does the coronaviridae have a "tropism" for?

Select one of the following:

Respiratory and/or gastrointestinal epithelium
Respiratory and/or myocaridal epithelium
Bone marrow and lymph nodes
Respiratory and/or circulatory system endothelium

Explanation

Question 6 of 58

1

Why is Bovine Coronavirus Diarrhoea important?

Select one of the following:

Second most common cause of diarrhoea in calves
Most common cause of diarrhoea in calves
Most common cause of abortions in cattle
Leads to infertility in cattle

Explanation

Question 7 of 58

1

When are calves most likely to be affected by Bovine coronavirus diarrhoea?

Select one of the following:

Less than 2 weeks old – diarrhoea lasts 4-5 days
Less than 10 weeks old – diarrhoea lasts 2-10 days
Less than 2 weeks old – diarrhoea lasts 2-10 days
Around 7 months old- diarrhoea lasts 4-5 days

Explanation

Question 8 of 58

1

How is Bovine coronavirus diarrhoea transmitted?

Select one of the following:

Faecal–oral route of transmission
Droplet transmission
Vector transmission
Venereal transmission
Fomite transmission

Explanation

Question 9 of 58

1

The bovine coronavirus replicates in mature small intestinal epithelial cells, what does this effect?

Select one of the following:

Fluid absorption and digestion of disaccharides is reduced
Build up of fibrosis tissue due to damage, resulting in gut motility being reduced
Fluid absorption and digestion of fats is reduced
Fluid absorption increases causing oedema

Explanation

Question 10 of 58

1

Match the correct virus to it's epidemiology and clinical signs

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

Por Haemagglutinating Encephalomyelitis

Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhoea

Porcine Respiratory Coronavirus

Explanation

Question 11 of 58

1

What is thought to be a mutant of Feline enteric coronaviruses (FECV)?

Select one of the following:

Feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV)
Feline panleukopaenia
Feline Herpesvirus
Feline adenovirus

Explanation

Question 12 of 58

1

How do FIPV and FECV differ?

Select one of the following:

FECV causes a mild or inapparent enteritis while FIPV is a sporadic, fatal disease of young cats
FIPV causes a mild or inapparent enteritis while FECVV is a sporadic, fatal disease of young cats
FECV is always asymptomatic in domestic cats while FIPV is a sporadic, fatal disease of young cats
FIPV is always asymptomatic in domestic cats while FECV is a sporadic, fatal disease of young cats

Explanation

Question 13 of 58

1

What is the epidemiology of FIPV?

Select one or more of the following:

Occurs sporadically in multi-cat households or catteries
Cats of any age may be affected: Less than one year or older than ten are most susceptible
Occurs endemically to only Australia and the USA
Occurs only in female cats
Occurs only in adult cats

Explanation

Question 14 of 58

1

How is FIPV transmitted?

Select one of the following:

Shed in faeces and oronasal secretions, transmission by inhalation, or ingestion
Shed in urine, transmission ingestion
Shed in papules on the skin, transmission by direct contact
Transmission by vectors

Explanation

Question 15 of 58

1

In infected households ~ 15% of cats are persistently infected with FIPV

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 16 of 58

1

What is true of the pathogenesis of FIP?

Select one or more of the following:

Infection does not always result in disease
FECV infection sensitises cats to FIPV as antibody enhances uptake by macrophages`
Most infected kittens develop an effective cell-mediated immune response and eliminate the virus
Generally infected kittens develop the severe form of the disease due to lacking a mature immune system
FIP causes disease 90% of the time when an animal becomes infected

Explanation

Question 17 of 58

1

What happens after FIP exposure?

Select one or more of the following:

?
??
????
?????
?????????????

Explanation

Question 18 of 58

1

Infectious bronchitis is a highly contagious, economically important disease of chickens worldwide

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 19 of 58

1

What is the pathogenesis of infectious beonchitis?

Select one or more of the following:

Respiratory system is the site of primary replication
Virus distributed widely – oviducts, kidneys and Bursa severity of lesions determined by strain virulence
Viraemia within 1-2 days of exposure
Gastrointestinal system is the site of primary replication
Viraemia within 5-7 days of exposure
48 hour incubation
72 hour incubation

Explanation

Question 20 of 58

1

How is infectious bronchitis spread?

Select one of the following:

Primarily respiratory transmission by aerosol (shed from respiratory tract for several weeks) and recovered from faeces and eggs
Primarily faecal-oral route
Vector transmission
Venereal transmission

Explanation

Question 21 of 58

1

In what age group are the clinical signs of infectious bronchitis the most severe?

Select one of the following:

In young birds
In adult birds
In aged birds
In embryos, causing death

Explanation

Question 22 of 58

1

What are the clinical signs of infectious bronchitis?

Select one or more of the following:

Rales and gasping in older birds
Reduced egg production
In animals <3weeks there is gasping, nasal exudate and can result in mortality from occluded bronchi
Disease symptoms for 7 days in individuals
Disease symptoms for 10 – 14 days in flock
Disease symptoms for 20 – 25 days in flock
Disease symptoms for 14 days in individuals

Explanation

Question 23 of 58

1

How is infectious bronchitis diagnosed?

Select one of the following:

Virus isolation (egg inoculation) and serology (neutralisation, ELISA, HI)
Virus isolation (egg inoculation) and bacterial culture
Bacterial culture and PCR
Physical examination

Explanation

Question 24 of 58

1

Is there a vaccine available to prevent infectious bronchitis?

Select one of the following:

Yes, live and killed vaccines are available
Yes, a live vaccine is available only
No vaccines are available
A vaccine was available until the virus mutated in 2015

Explanation

Question 25 of 58

1

How are coronaviruses spread?

Select one of the following:

Inhalation and ingestion - faecal oral route or via aerosol
Fomite spread
Vector borne transmission
Ingestion- oral route

Explanation

Question 26 of 58

1

How contagious are Coronaviruses?

Select one of the following:

Variable (depending on the virus)
Not contagious but are infectious
Highly contagious

Explanation

Question 27 of 58

1

What is the basic structure of togaviridae?

Select one of the following:

Enveloped ss + sense RNA viruses with an Icosahedral capsid
Non-enveloped ss + sense RNA viruses with an Icosahedral capsid
Enveloped ds + sense RNA viruses with an Icosahedral capsid
Enveloped ss - sense RNA viruses with an Icosahedral capsid
Non-enveloped ss - sense RNA viruses with an Icosahedral capsid

Explanation

Question 28 of 58

1

Which two genera belong to Togaviridae?

Select one or more of the following:

Rubivirus
Alphavirus
Orbivirus
Torovirus

Explanation

Question 29 of 58

1

Where is Equine encephalitides found?

Select one of the following:

Confined to Western hemisphere
Confined to the Northern hemisphere
Confined to Europe
Confined to the Southern hemisphere

Explanation

Question 30 of 58

1

What is true of the epidemiology of Equine encephalitides?

Select one or more of the following:

Peak periods of disease when climate favours maximum vector numbers (Late Summer after heavy rainfall)
Eastern and Western Equine Encephalitis – maintained in cycles involving mosquito vector and passerine birds
Can infect humans
Horses can act as amplifying hosts
Vector transmission in mosquitos
Primary resevoir is passerine birds

Explanation

Question 31 of 58

1

What is correct of the pathogenesis of Equine encephalitides?

Select one or more of the following:

Secondary replication in these tissues leads to secondary viraemia of high titre to allow CNS invasion
Neural necrosis, mononuclear infiltration with perivascular cuffing and interstitial oedema (VEE also involves respiratory tract)
Primary viraemia allows spread to muscle and connective tissues and reticuloendothelial system
Replication in local cells - drain to regional lymph nodes
Primary replication is in the respiratory system

Explanation

Question 32 of 58

1

What is the incubation period for Equine encephalitides?

Select one of the following:

up to 9 days
up to 13 days
up to 2 days
up to 21 days

Explanation

Question 33 of 58

1

What clinical signs might you see during Equine encephalitides infection?

Select one or more of the following:

Low carriage of head with wide base stance
Terminal recumbency
Range from mild fever and depression to fatal febrile encephalomyelitis
CNS signs: photophobia, head pressing, circling, ataxia, blindness, inability to swallow
Diarrhoea
Oronasal discharge

Explanation

Question 34 of 58

1

Viraemia is transient and so isolation from blood is relatively easy

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 35 of 58

1

How might you control Equine encephalitides?

Select one or more of the following:

Vector control (insecticides, repellent, insect proof stabling)
Vaccination available in endemic areas
Antivirals
Infertile male mosquitos

Explanation

Question 36 of 58

1

What are Arboviruses?

Select one of the following:

Arthropod borne viruses.
“Viruses that replicate in their haematophagous arthropod hosts and transmitted to vertebrate host by biting”
Arboviruses – Arachnid borne viruses.
“Viruses that replicate in their haematophagous arachnid hosts and transmitted to vertebrate host
by biting”
Amphibian borne viruses.
“Viruses that replicate in their haematophagous amphibian hosts and transmitted to vertebrate host by biting”
Aquatic borne viruses.
“Viruses that replicate in their haematophagous aquatic hosts and transmitted to vertebrate host by biting”

Explanation

Question 37 of 58

1

Which Arbovirses are endemic to Australia?

Select one or more of the following:

Ross River virus (Family Togaviridae) people, horses
Murray Valley encephalitis virus (Family Flaviviridae) people, horses
Kunjin / WNV (Family Flaviviridae) person, horses ?dogs, donkey, alpacca?
Japanese encephalitis virus (Family Flaviviridae)

Explanation

Question 38 of 58

1

Which arboviral disease is the commonest, most widespread reported in Australia>

Select one or more of the following:

Ross River Virus
Murray Valley encephalitis virus
Kunjin virus / West Nile virus
Japanese encephalitis virus

Explanation

Question 39 of 58

1

What is the basic structure of Flaviviridae?

Select one of the following:

Enveloped, ss + sense RNA viruses
Non-enveloped, ss + sense RNA viruses
Enveloped, ds + sense RNA viruses
Enveloped, ss - sense RNA viruses

Explanation

Question 40 of 58

1

Mature Flaviviridae virions are quite labile: sensitive to heat, detergents, common disinfectants

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 41 of 58

1

What is interesting about Classical Swine Fever?

Select one of the following:

Stable in meat products for weeks/months. Enabled re-introduction and spread
Stable in the air for weeks/months. Enabled re-introduction and spread
Not stable in the environment, reintroduction occurred with an accidental release from a laboratory in Germany
Stable in milk products for weeks/months. Enabled re-introduction and spread

Explanation

Question 42 of 58

1

What genera belong to Flaviviridae?

Select one or more of the following:

Flavivirus
Pestivirus
Hepacivirus
Alphavirus
Rubivirus

Explanation

Question 43 of 58

1

What is the pathogenesis of Flaviviridae?

Select one or more of the following:

Bite from infected arthropod-->Viraemia-->Dissemination to target organs (endothelium, liver, foetus, CNS)
Bite from infected arthropod-->Local virus replication-->Viraemia-->Dissemination to target organs (endothelium, liver, foetus, CNS)
Bite from infected arthropod-->Local virus replication-->Viraemia-->Dissemination to the heart

Explanation

Question 44 of 58

1

What is correct of Japanese Encephalitis epidemiology?

Select one or more of the following:

Pigs are important amplifying hosts
Water birds are the main reservoir host
Endemic in South-East Asia (spreading West and South)
Infections in humans and horses (dead end hosts) often cause severe and fatal encephalitis
Inapparent infections in other species
Pigs are dead end hosts
Pigs are the main reservoir host
Water birds are dead end hosts

Explanation

Question 45 of 58

1

What clinical signs does Japanese encephalitis cause in pigs?

Select one of the following:

Reproductive failure (abortion, stillbirths, weak young, otherwise inapparent infection of young)
Fever, Lethargy and Recovery or Hyperexcitable and Death
GIT dysfunction
Total organ necrosis

Explanation

Question 46 of 58

1

What clinical signs does Japanese Encephalitis cause in horses?

Select one of the following:

Reproductive failure (abortion, stillbirths, weak young, otherwise inapparent infection of young)
Fever, Lethargy and Recovery or Hyperexcitable and Death
GIT dysfunction
Respiratory disease (oronasal discharge)

Explanation

Question 47 of 58

1

West Nile Virus can cause (fatal) encephalitis in horses and haemorrhagic fever in humans

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 48 of 58

1

Where can West Nile Virus be found?

Select one or more of the following:

Occurs throughout the Mediterranean, Asia and Africa
The United States
Australia
Antarctica

Explanation

Question 49 of 58

1

What is the difference between the acute and chronic forms of bovine virus diarrhoea (BVD)?

Select one of the following:

Acute disease – bovine virus diarrhoea
Chronic disease – mucosal disease (persistent infection)
Acute disease –mucosal disease (persistent infection)
Chronic disease – bovine virus diarrhoea
Acute disease – death
Chronic disease – mucosal disease (persistent infection)
Acute disease – bovine virus diarrhoea
Chronic disease – Asymptomatic shedding

Explanation

Question 50 of 58

1

What happens when a pregnant cow is infected with BVD vs. a non-pregnant cow?

Select one of the following:

Infection of susceptible adult cattle usually of little consequence unless pregnant (transplacental spread common)
Asymptomatic infection in the feotus
Abortion of the feotus if infection late in gestation (> 125 days)

Explanation

Question 51 of 58

1

❌ days)-- Abortion, mummification, early embryonic death and resorption

❌ days)--Mount active immune response Develop antibody and survive (+/- some pathology)

❌ days)-- Cytopathic strain of BVDV Foetal lesions, weak or dead calves Non-cytopathic strain = tolerance

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Infection early in gestation (80-125

Infection late in gestation (> 125

Infection early in gestation (< 80

Infection late in gestation (<80

Explanation

Question 52 of 58

1

What are the symptoms of mucosal BVD?

Select one of the following:

Profuse watery diarrhoea, Nasal discharge, salivation Ulcerative lesions, death
CNS dysfunction, death
Heart failure
Asymptomatic

Explanation

Question 53 of 58

1

How can BVD be diagnosed?

Select one or more of the following:

Isolate virus / detect virus antigens (3 cultures),
Serology (4 fold increase in neutralising titre)
Immunofluorescence on smears of tissue
ELISA
Bacterial culture

Explanation

Question 54 of 58

1

How do you control Bovine Viral Diarrhoea?

Select one or more of the following:

Remove persistently infected animals (source of virus)
Vaccinations (although not fully protective)
Cull all animals when one is found with BVD
Utilise disinfectants in sheds and places where animals frequent

Explanation

Question 55 of 58

1

Which of the below relate to classical Swine Fever?

Select one or more of the following:

Strains with low virulence – reduced fertility
Moderate strains – more chronic disease
Convulsions, sudden death Posterior paresis, paralysis, circling, tremors and death within weeks
Fever, hyperaemia, purpura
Highly contagious exotic disease
2-10 day incubation

	Created by Kathryn Borg over 8 years ago

DVM2 Virology Quiz on Virology (week 7), created by Kathryn Borg on 07/05/2016.

Virology (week 7)

Virology (week 7)

Question 1 of 58

What genera belong to the family Coronaviridae?

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 2 of 58

What is interesting about the coronavirus genera?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 3 of 58

What clinical symptoms do coronaviruses cause?

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 4 of 58

What is the basic structure of coronaviridae?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 5 of 58

What areas of the body does the coronaviridae have a "tropism" for?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 6 of 58

Why is Bovine Coronavirus Diarrhoea important?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 7 of 58

When are calves most likely to be affected by Bovine coronavirus diarrhoea?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 8 of 58

How is Bovine coronavirus diarrhoea transmitted?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 9 of 58

The bovine coronavirus replicates in mature small intestinal epithelial cells, what does this effect?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 10 of 58

Match the correct virus to it's epidemiology and clinical signs

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

Explanation

Question 11 of 58

What is thought to be a mutant of Feline enteric coronaviruses (FECV)?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 12 of 58

How do FIPV and FECV differ?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 13 of 58

What is the epidemiology of FIPV?

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 14 of 58

How is FIPV transmitted?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 15 of 58

In infected households ~ 15% of cats are persistently infected with FIPV

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 16 of 58

What is true of the pathogenesis of FIP?

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 17 of 58

What happens after FIP exposure?

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 18 of 58

Infectious bronchitis is a highly contagious, economically important disease of chickens worldwide

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 19 of 58

What is the pathogenesis of infectious beonchitis?

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 20 of 58