In the extremist groups case study, what approach is used to discover the ideology and fund raising of extremist groups through their Web sites?
content analysis
hyperlink analysis
e-mail responses to questions sent to the sites
physical visits to addresses on the site
Search engines do not search the entire Web every time a user makes a search request, for all the following reasons EXCEPT
most users are not interested in searching the entire Web.
the Web is too complex to be searched each time.
it would take longer than the user could wait.
Breaking up a Web page into its components to identify worthy words/terms and indexing them using a set of rules is called
parsing the documents.
creating the term-by-document matrix.
preprocessing the documents.
document analysis.
PageRank for Webpages is useful to Web developers for which of the following reasons?
It gives developers insight into Web user behavior.
It is used in citation analysis for scholarly papers.
Developing many Web pages with low PageRank can help a Web site attract users.
They uniquely identify the Web page developer for greater accountability.
Search engine optimization (SEO) is a means by which
Web site developers can increase Web site search rankings.
Web site developers can negotiate better deals for paid ads.
Web site developers index their Web sites for search engines.
Web site developers optimize the artistic features of their Web sites.
In general, what is the best kind of Web traffic to a Web site?
organic Web traffic
European Web traffic
paid Web traffic
bot-generated traffic
Clickstream analysis is most likely to be used for all the following types of applications EXCEPT
determining the lifetime value of clients.
hiring new functional area managers.
designing cross-marketing strategies across products.
predicting user behavior.
What are the two main types of Web analytics?
off-site and on-site Web analytics
old-school and new-school Web analytics
Bing and Google Web analytics
data-based and subjective Web analytics
Web site usability may be rated poor if
Web site visitors download few of your offered PDFs and videos.
the average number of page views on your Web site is large.
the time spent on your Web site is long.
users fail to click on all pages equally.
Common sources of traffic to your Web site include all of the following EXCEPT
accidental visitors.
paid search from search engines.
referral Web sites.
direct links.
Understanding which keywords your users enter to reach your Web site through a search engine can help you understand
how well visitors understand your products.
the hardware your Web site is running on.
the type of Web browser being used by your Web site visitors.
most of your Web site visitors' wants and needs.
Which of the following statements about Web site conversion statistics is FALSE?
Visitors who begin a purchase on most Web sites must complete it.
Web site visitors can be classed as either new or returning.
The conversion rate is the number of people who take action divided by the number of visitors.
Analyzing exit rates can tell you why visitors left your Web site.
A voice of customer (VOC) strategy involves all of the following EXCEPT
connecting captured insights to unstructured data in order to take action.
capturing both unstructured Web data and enterprise data as a starting point.
analyzing unstructured data with minimal effort on the user's part.
taking actions related to your market, customers and services.
All of the following statements about social networks are true EXCEPT
companies should invest equally to retain all members of a group.
it is possible to gain insights into how products go viral.
members of a group are affected by the behavior of others in the group.
a group with all interconnected individuals is called a clique.
What is one major way that Web-based social media is the same as publishing media?
They can both reach a global audience.
They cost the same to publish.
They have the same immediacy of updates.
They require the same skill and training to publish.
What is one major way in which Web-based social media differs from traditional publishing media?
They use different languages of publication.
They have different costs to own and operate.
Most Web-based media are operated by the government and large firms.
Web-based media have a narrower range of quality.
What does descriptive analytics for social media do?
It helps identify your followers.
It identifies links between groups.
It examines the content of online conversations.
It identifies the biggest sources of influence online.
What does advanced analytics for social media do?
What does Web content mining involve?
analyzing the unstructured content of Web pages
analyzing the universal resource locator in Web pages
analyzing the pattern of visits to a Web site
analyzing the PageRank and other metadata of a Web page
What does Web structure mining involve?
analyzing the universal resource locators in Web pages
Using modeling for decision support can currently achieve all of the following EXCEPT
replace strategy formulation at top levels of the organization
enhance the decision making process
enable organizations to see likely results of their decisions
reduce the costs of providing services to customers
Environmental scanning is important for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
environments have greater impact on a model than the organization does.
organizational culture is important and affects the model use.
it is critical to identify key corporate decision makers
environmental factors may have created the current problem
Today, it is critical for companies to consider
All of these
how to get products to the right customer.
how to sell products at the right price
how to package products in the right format.
Models can be built with the help of human knowledge and expertise. Another source of help in building these models is
classification and clustering methods
the customer.
customer service reps.
business partners
What is an influence diagram?
a graphical representation of a model
a diagram showing the influence of decision makers
a map of the environment around decision makers
a map of the environment around a model
Spreadsheets are particularly useful for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
they easily import and manipulate massive databases.
they are able to import and export to many different file formats.
it is easy to manipulate data and see results instantly
they can be used to build static and dynamic models.
Linear programming belongs to a family of tools called
mathematical programming models.
decision tree models.
qualitative models
heuristic programming models.
Which of the following is NOT a component of a linear programming problem?
internal metrics
constraints
objective function
decision variables
In an LP model, what does the fourth hidden component contain
product mix variables
slack and surplus variables
financial and accounting variables
constraint and limit variables
Managers in organizations typically have
multiple goals that need to be simultaneously or jointly optimized.
single goals that can be optimized using linear and nonlinear programming
a small number of goals that can be independently optimized using linear and nonlinear programming.
single goals that cannot be optimized using linear and nonlinear programming.
Sensitivity analysis is important in management support systems for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
it improves the mathematical optimality of the generated solutions.
it permits the manager to input data to increase his/her confidence in the model.
it provides a better understanding of the model and the decision-making situation.
it allows flexibility and adaptation to changing conditions.
The question "What will total earnings be if we reduce our inventory stocking costs by 10%?" is a type of
what-if analysis.
goal-seeking analysis.
sensitivity analysis.
utility modeling
The question "What advertising budget is needed to increase market share by 7%?" is a type of
goal-seeking analysis
utility modeling.
The question "How many servers will be needed to reduce the waiting time of restaurant customers to less than 9 minutes?" is a type of
Decision trees are best suited to solve what types of problems?
problems with a single goal
roblems with a large number of alternatives
problems with a tabular representation
problems where probabilities are unknown
In handling uncertainty in decision modeling, the optimistic approach assumes
the best possible outcome of each alternative will occur.
the best possible outcome of most alternatives will occur.
the best possible outcome of some alternatives will occur.
the best possible outcome of one alternative will occur.
In handling uncertainty in decision modeling, what does the pessimistic approach do?
It assumes the worst possible outcome of each alternative will occur and then selects the best of them.
It assumes the worst possible outcome of one alternative will occur and then avoids it.
It assumes the worst possible outcome of some alternatives will occur and then selects the best of them.
It assumes the worst possible outcome of each alternative will occur and then selects the worst of them.
Which of the following statements about expected utility is true?
Used in decision making, it can bring huge risk to a small startup with limited resources.
It does not affect decisions made with expected values.
Used in decision making, it is an objective value, not subjective.
In calculating utility, it assumes the decision will be made thousands of times, making the probabilities more likely on average.
Which of the following statements about the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is true?
It can handle multiple criteria and goals.
It is really not a decision model at all.
It is based entirely on quantitative data.
It is an opaque "black box" in the same way as neural networks.
Which of the following statements about the end-of-chapter CARE International case study is true?
CARE's objective was to respond to natural disasters faster.
CARE ran its own shipping operation with vehicles that needed route optimization.
CARE used a linear programming model for optimization.
CARE set out to exclusively use international suppliers with large capacity to better serve people affected by disasters.
How does blind search differ from optimization?
Blind search usually does not conclude in one step like some optimization methods.
Blind search cannot result in optimal solutions whereas optimization methods do.
Blind search is usually a more efficient problem solving approach than optimization.
Blind search represents a guided approach while optimization is unguided.
In modeling, an optimal solution is understood to be
a solution that is the best based on criteria defined in the design phase.
a solution found in the least possible time and using the least possible computing resources.
a solution that can only be determined by an exhaustive enumeration and testing of alternatives.
a solution that requires an algorithm for determination.
When is a complete enumeration of solutions used?
when there is enough time and computational power available
when there are an infinite number of solutions to be searched
when the modeler requires a guided approach to problem solving
when a solution that is "good enough" is fine and good heuristics are available
All of the following are true about heuristics EXCEPT
heuristics are used when there is abundant time and computational power.
heuristics are rules of good judgment.
heuristics are used when the modeler requires a guided approach to problem solving.
heuristics are used when a solution that is "good enough" is sought.
Which approach is most suited to structured problems with little uncertainty?
optimization
simulation
genetic algorithms
human intuition
Genetic algorithms belong to the family of methods in the
artificial intelligence area.
optimization area.
complete enumeration family of methods.
non-computer based (human) solutions area.
All of the following are suitable problems for genetic algorithms EXCEPT
simple optimization with few variables.
dynamic process control.
simulation of biological models.
pattern recognition with complex patterns.
Which approach is most suited to complex problems with significant uncertainty, a need for experimentation, and time compression?
Which of the following is an advantage of simulation?
It can incorporate significant real-life complexity.
It always results in optimal solutions.
It solves problems in one pass with no iterations.
Simulation software requires special skills.
In which stage of the simulation methodology do you determine the variables and gather data?
constructing the simulation model
defining the problem
designing the experiment
testing and validating the model
In which stage of the simulation methodology do you determine how long to run the simulation?
In which stage of the simulation methodology do you determine the system's boundaries and environment?
What BEST describes a simulation model with a limited number of variables, each with a finite number of values?
discrete event simulation
Monte Carlo simulation
continuous distribution simulation
system dynamics simulation
What BEST describes a simulation model in which it is not important to know exactly when a modeled event occurred?
time-independent simulation
The advantages of visual interactive simulation include all of the following EXCEPT
reduced need for decision maker involvement.
the ability to see how a simulation works.
improved presentation of simulation results.
improvements in training using the simulation
What can system dynamics modeling be used for?
qualitative methods for analyzing a system
micro-level simulation models that examine individual values
simulation models that test each subsystem in isolation
studying system behavior at an instant in time
The EHR (electronic health record) system dynamics modeling example showed that
increased staff training results in increased electronic prescriptions.
e-notes negatively affect radiology performance.
increased electronic note-taking negatively affects compliance.
adverse drug events help to decrease patient time.
In agent-based modeling, agents are
autonomous rule-based decision making units.
the human workers or agents who use the system.
the hardware platform used to conduct the simulation.
communication links between simulations.
Agent-based modeling is best for all the following types of problem features EXCEPT
low uncertainty.
many interrelated factors.
irregular data.
complex interactions.
What is the final stage of an agent-based modeling (ABM) methodology?
validating agent behavior against reality
identifying the agents and determining their behavior
determining the suitability of ABM
determining agent-related data
In the InterContinental Hotel Group case study, the mathematical model used to increase profits was based on
a simulation model that tried out many options.
an optimization model that used multiple variables.
a system that collated the subjective inputs of managers.
a mathematical model that used two variables: price and day of the week.
Who are automated decision systems (ADS) primarily designed for?
frontline workers who must make decisions rapidly
strategic level managers making long-term, wide-ranging decisions
mid-level managers making tactical decision
operational managers who make shop floor decisions
In the Giant Food Stores case study, the new pricing model deployment system included all the following features EXCEPT
it required more staff to make pricing changes.
it could handle large numbers of price changes.
it used point of sale and competitive data as inputs.
it had a predictive capability.
Revenue management systems modify the prices of products and services dynamically based on
business rules, demand, and supply.
intuition, demand, and supply.
intuition, competition, and supply.
business rules, supply, and intuition.
What would explain why a divorce attorney in New York City may not be considered an expert in Beijing, China?
Expertise is frequently domain dependent.
You need a greater level of experience in Beijing to practice law.
No criteria to evaluate divorce attorneys exist in Beijing.
The divorce attorney in New York does not speak Mandarin.
What does self-knowledge in an expert system (ES) mean?
The ES can explain how it reached a conclusion.
An ES understands itself in a very human sense.
An ES understands the human decision maker.
The ES "knows" that it exists.
How does an expert system differ from conventional systems?
Expert systems handle qualitative data easily.
Changes in an expert system are tedious to make.
The expert system operates only when it is complete.
Execution of expert system programs is algorithmic or step-by-step.
In the sport talents identification case study, the expert system was calibrated with expertise from
subjects in the cases used to create the ES.
multiple sports experts.
one overall sports expert.
the system developer.
In the chemical, biological, and radiological agents case study, the CBR Advisor program had all the following features EXCEPT
it was available online to the general public.
it could provide advice even incomplete information.
it was tailored to different types of users.
it was created by multiple experts.
The MYCIN Expert System was used to diagnose bacterial infections using
a set of 500 rules on the subject.
an optimization model.
an expert system whose performance was inferior to human experts.
Which module is missing from most expert systems?
knowledge refinement subsystem
user interface subsystem
knowledge base subsystem
inference engine
All the following statements about how an expert system operates are true EXCEPT
inference engines contain an explanation subcomponent.
incorporated knowledge is drawn exclusively from human experts.
a knowledge engineer creates inferencing rules.
knowledge rules are stored in the knowledge base.
In the heart disease diagnosis case study, what was a benefit of the SIPMES expert system?
The SIPMES system could diagnose all types of cardiovascular diseases.
Expert systems from other domains were used, saving development time.
The SIPMES system agreed with human experts 64% of the time.
No human expert knowledge was needed in development, only textbook knowledge.
Which of the following is NOT a stage of knowledge engineering?
knowledge consolidation
knowledge representation
knowledge acquisition
knowledge validation
It is difficult to acquire knowledge from experts for all the following reasons EXCEPT
many business areas have no identifiable experts.
experts may not be able to put into words how they conduct their work.
testing and refining of knowledge is complex and difficult.
experts often change their behavior when observed.
Using certainty factors, a rule declares that IF competition is strong, CF = 70 AND margins are above 15% CF = 100 THEN sales demand will decline. If both conditions are true, what is the CF of the conclusion?
70%
100%
30%
21%
Using certainty factors, a rule declares that IF competition is strong, CF = 70 OR margins are above 15% CF = 100 THEN sales demand will decline. If both conditions are true, what is the CF of the conclusion?
Which category of expert systems that includes weather forecasting and economic/financial forecasting?
prediction ES
diagnostic ES
planning ES
instruction ES
Which tool would be best to use when there is a need to very rapidly and cheaply develop a rule-based expert system?
an ES shell
LISP or Prolog languages
ASP.NET
C++
In the Clinical Decision Support System case study, what was the system's output?
a treatment and rehabilitation plan for the patient
a diagnosis of the type of tendon injury suffered by the patient
an explanation of the tendon anatomy of the patient
a referral to specialists who could accurately diagnose the tendon injury
In the Army expertise transfer system case, what did 'knowledge harvesting' involve?
interviewing experts and transcribing and mining their knowledge
interviewing experts, posting their knowledge verbatim and seeking continual feedback
observing experts at work and documenting their expertise in different tasks
allowing experts to enter their knowledge directly into the knowledge system
Knowledge can be best described as
organized facts set in context and actionable.
facts, measurements, and statistics.
an organized collection or set of facts.
facts, measurements, and statistics that are validated.
Which of the following is NOT an attribute of knowledge?
The value of knowledge is easily quantified.
Knowledge is not subject to diminishing returns.
Knowledge fragments as it grows.
There is a need to refresh knowledge periodically for competitive advantage.
Which is an example of conditional knowledge?
when to install a new part in a faulty car
what new part is appropriate to fix a faulty car
how to install a new part in a faulty car
why a new part fixes a faulty car
Which is an example of declarative knowledge?
The term "leaky knowledge" MOST accurately refers to
explicit knowledge.
tacit knowledge.
individual knowledge.
social knowledge.
Which approach to knowledge management capitalizes on tacit knowledge and requires heavy IT investment?
the process approach
the practice approach
the IT approach
the systems approach
During which stage of the KMS cycle are human insights captured together with explicit facts?
the refining knowledge stage
the managing knowledge stage
the disseminating knowledge stage
the storing knowledge stage
During which stage of the KMS cycle is knowledge made available to intended users?
Which technology element of knowledge management systems enables document sharing among decision makers?
collaboration
communication
storage
retrieval
Which set of technologies that support knowledge management is characterized by mashups, blogs, social networks, and wikis?
Web 2.0
artificial intelligence
XML
ERP
Distractions, groupthink, and digressions that occur in groupwork are known as
process losses.
malfunctions.
misunderstandings
group failure.
All the following are negative aspects of working in groups EXCEPT
it is more difficult to catch errors
there can be a lack of coordination
it is time-consuming
participants may be afraid to contribute
Videoconferencing is an example of what kind of groupware?
same time, different place
same time, same place
different time, same place
different time, different place
Which of the following is the best example of asynchronous communication?
e-mail
multimedia presentation system
teleconference
videoconference
Which groupware tools are associated with synchronous use?
VoIP and instant messaging
e-mail and web conferencing
VoIP and wikilogs
Web conference and online workspaces
All of the following statements about wikis are true EXCEPT
the wiki owner is responsible for the wiki organization.
Wikis run on a server.
the majority of Wiki content is user-created.
Wiki pages are usually highly interconnected though links.
What is the major difference between group support systems (GSS) and group decision support systems (GDSS)?
GDSS have a narrower focus than GSS.
GSS use modern technology; GDSS do not.
GSS use Web based technologies; GDSS do not.
GDSS do not support virtual teams, but GSS do.
What software or facility is best for a small firm spread out across the Northeast U.S. looking to inexpensively conduct regular videoconferencing?
WebEx
Excel
decision rooms
SharePoint
In the digital forensics case study, what was the main obstacle to knowledge sharing?
Many departments and agencies were effectively functional silos
Laws existed to prevent agencies sharing techniques and experience.
There was an extreme lack of Internet security.
There was a need to keep each case experience "clean" and untainted by others.
Using data to understand customers/clients and business operations to sustain and foster growth and profitability is
an increasingly challenging task for today's enterprises.
easier with the advent of BI and Big Data
essentially the same now as it has always been.
now completely automated with no human intervention required.
A newly popular unit of data in the Big Data era is the petabyte (PB), which is
10^15 bytes.
10^9 bytes.
10^12 bytes.
10^18 bytes.
Which of the following sources is likely to produce Big Data the fastest?
RFID tags
order entry clerks
cashiers
online customers
Data flows can be highly inconsistent, with periodic peaks, making data loads hard to manage. What is this feature of Big Data called?
Variability
volatility
periodicity
inconsistency
In the Luxottica case study, what technique did the company use to gain visibility into its customers?
data integration
visibility analytics
focus on growth
customer focus
Allowing Big Data to be processed in memory and distributed across a dedicated set of nodes can solve complex problems in near real time with highly accurate insights. What is this process called?
in-memory analytics
in-database analytics
grid computing
appliances
Which Big Data approach promotes efficiency, lower cost, and better performance by processing jobs in a shared, centrally managed pool of IT resources?
How does Hadoop work?
It breaks up Big Data into multiple parts so each part can be processed and analyzed at the same time on multiple computers.
It integrates Big Data into a whole so large data elements can be processed as a whole on one computer.
It integrates Big Data into a whole so large data elements can be processed as a whole on multiple computers.
It breaks up Big Data into multiple parts so each part can be processed and analyzed at the same time on one computer.
What is the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) designed to handle?
unstructured and semistructured non-relational data
unstructured and semistructured relational data
structured and semistructured relational data
structured and semistructured non-relational data
In a Hadoop "stack," what is a slave node?
a node where data is stored and processed
a node where bits of programs are stored
a node where metadata is stored and used to organize data processing
a node responsible for holding all the source programs
In a Hadoop "stack," what node periodically replicates and stores data from the Name Node should it fail?
secondary node
backup node
substitute node
slave node
All of the following statements about MapReduce are true EXCEPT
MapReduce runs without fault tolerance.
MapReduce is a general-purpose execution engine.
MapReduce handles the complexities of network communication.
MapReduce handles parallel programming.
In the Big Data and Analytics in Politics case study, which of the following was an input to the analytic system?
census data
assessment of sentiment
voter mobilization
group clustering
In the Big Data and Analytics in Politics case study, what was the analytic system output or goal?
Traditional data warehouses have not been able to keep up with
the variety and complexity of data.
the evolution of the SQL language
expert systems that run on them.
OLAP.
Under which of the following requirements would it be more appropriate to use Hadoop over a data warehouse?
unrestricted, ungoverned sandbox explorations
ANSI 2003 SQL compliance is required
online archives alternative to tape
analysis of provisional data
What is Big Data's relationship to the cloud?
Amazon and Google have working Hadoop cloud offerings.
Hadoop cannot be deployed effectively in the cloud just yet.
IBM's homegrown Hadoop platform is the only option.
Only MapReduce works in the cloud; Hadoop does not.
Companies with the largest revenues from Big Data tend to be
the largest computer and IT services firms
small computer and IT services firms.
pure open source Big Data firms.
non-U.S. Big Data firms.
In the health sciences, the largest potential source of Big Data comes from
patient monitoring.
accounting systems.
human resources.
research administration.
In the Discovery Health insurance case study, the analytics application used available data to help the company do all of the following EXCEPT
open its own pharmacy.
predict customer health.
detect fraud.
lower costs for members.
What kind of location based analytics is real-time marketing promotion?
organization-oriented location-based dynamic approach
organization-oriented geospatial static approach
consumer-oriented geospatial static approach
consumer-oriented location-based dynamic approach
GPS Navigation is an example of which kind of location based analytics?
What new geometric data type in Teradata's data warehouse captures geospatial features?
ST_GEOMETRY
NAVTEQ
GIS
SQL/MM
A British company called Path Intelligence has developed a system that ascertains how people move within a city or even within a store. What is this system called?
Footpath
Pathfinder
PathMiner
Pathdata
Today, most smartphones are equipped with various instruments to measure jerk, orientation, and sense motion. One of these instruments is an accelerometer, and the other is a(n)
gyroscope.
potentiometer.
microscope
oscilloscope.
Content-based filtering obtains detailed information about item characteristics and restricts this process to a single user using information tags or
keywords.
passphrases.
key-pairs.
reality mining
Service-oriented thinking is one of the fastest growing paradigms in today's economy. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of service-oriented DSS?
originality
reusability
substitutability
extensibility
All of the following are components in a service-oriented DSS environment EXCEPT
data as infrastructure.
information technology as enabler.
process as beneficiary.
people as user.
Which of the following is true of data-as-a-Service (DaaS) platforms?
There are standardized processes for accessing data wherever it is located.
Knowing where the data resides is critical to the functioning of the platform.
Business processes can access local data only.
Data quality happens on each individual platform.
Which component of service-oriented DSS can be described as a subset of a data warehouse that supports specific decision and analytical needs and provides business units more flexibility, control, and responsibility?
data marts
information delivery portals
information services with library and administrator
extract, transform, load
Which component of service-oriented DSS can be described as optimizing the DSS environment use by organizing its capabilities and knowledge, and assimilating them into the business processes?
Which component of service-oriented DSS can be defined as data that describes the meaning and structure of business data, as well as how it is created, accessed, and used?
metadata management
application programming interface
analytics
operations and administration
Which component of service-oriented DSS includes such examples as optimization, data mining, text mining, simulation, automated decision systems?
Which of the following offers a flexible data integration platform based on a newer generation of service-oriented standards that enables ubiquitous access to any type of data?
IaaS
EAI
EII
ETL
When new analytics applications are introduced and affect multiple related processes and departments, the organization is best served by utilizing
business process reengineering
business flow management.
multi-department analysis.
process flow analysis.
Research into managerial use of DSS and expert systems found all the following EXCEPT
managers spent more time in the office and less in the field.
managers spent more of their time planning.
managers saw their decision making quality enhanced.
managers were able to devote less of their time fighting fires
Why do analytics applications have the effect of redistributing power among managers?
The more information and analysis managers have, the more power they possess.
Sponsoring an analytics system automatically confers power to a manager.
New analytics applications change managers' job expectations.
New analytics systems lead to new budget allocations, resulting in increased power.
Services that let consumers permanently enter a profile of information along with a password and use this information repeatedly to access services at multiple sites are called
single-sign-on facilities.
consumer access applications.
information collection portals.
consumer information sign on facilities.
Which of the following is true about the furtherance of homeland security?
There is a greater need for oversight.
There is a lessening of privacy issues.
The impetus was the need to harvest information related to financial fraud after 2001.
Most people regard analytic tools as mostly ineffective in increasing security.
Which of the following is considered the economic engine of the whole analytics industry?
analytics user organizations
application developers and system integrators
analytics industry analysts and influencers
academic providers and certification industries
