Pharmacodynamics

Studying pharmacodynamics allows us to...

Pharmacokinetics

Naturally occurring sources of drugs

Synthetic source of drugs

Biologics

Drug interaction with targets

Van der waals

Hydrogen bonding

Ionic bonds

Covalent bonding

Further considerations when it comes to drug interactions with target

4 main types of target protein

Drugs acting by virtue of their physico-chemical properties

How do drugs targeting receptors work

How do drugs targeting ion channels work

Orthosteric site

Allosteric site

How do drugs that act on enzymes work

Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

How do drugs working on carriers (transporters work)

Agonists

Antagonists

Types of receptor

G-protein coupled metabotropic receptors

Alpha subunit in g-protein receptor

Kinase linked receptors

Nuclear receptors

Multiple drug binding sites

Graded dose-response relationship

Quantal dose-response relationship

Why plot a dose-response curve

Efficacy

Potency

Two state hypothesis, K1

Two state hypothesis, K2

Affinity

Kd

Bmax

Use of Kd

Potency

True affinity

EC50 vs Kd

Efficacy

Full agonist

Partial agonist

Example of partial agonist

Ternary complex model

Inverse agonists

Allosteric modulators

Desensitisation of receptors

Pure antagonists

Classes of antagonists

Effect of antagonist on efficacy

Competitive antagonist

Irreversible non-competitive anagonist

Non-competitive antagonist

The dose ratio

Schild plot

Kb

PA2 values

Weak partial agonists

Competitive vs non-competitive antagonists

Therapeutic window/ index (TI)