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Mind Map
by
Caro Osorio
, created
more than 1 year ago
Chapter 1 from Well's book
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415
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phonetics and phonology
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Created by
Caro Osorio
over 8 years ago
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5 comments
Gianfranco Correa
over 8 years ago
Congratulations!! In my opinion you've done a very good job
Congratulations!! In my opinion you've done a very good job
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Alain Averio
over 8 years ago
Nice! very well explained! i agree that the colours used really help us to understand it better!
Nice! very well explained! i agree that the colours used really help us to understand it better!
Cancel
Caro Osorio
over 8 years ago
Teacher, I don't know how to do it! If you explain me, I would like to include some pictures!
Teacher, I don't know how to do it! If you explain me, I would like to include some pictures!
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Camila Osorio Casal
over 8 years ago
I love it! It is really complete and the colors you used help us to understand the connections!
I love it! It is really complete and the colors you used help us to understand the connections!
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Mirian Cristina Freitas Salmentón
over 8 years ago
excellent job!!! Why didn't you use some pics????
excellent job!!! Why didn't you use some pics????
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5515727
mind_map
2016-06-23T00:31:57Z
INTONATION:
Also known as
prosody or
suprasegmentals
Melody of the speech
STUDIES
How does the pitch
of the voice rise
and fall?
How do speakers use
the pitch variation to
convey linguistic and
pragmatic meaning?
The rhythm of speech
How the interplay of accented,
stressed and unstressed syllables
function as a framework onto which
the intonation patterns are
attached?
Almost any intonation
pattern is possile in English,
but thy may have different
meaning
PROSODIC FEATURES
Rhythm of the speech
Pitch, loudness and speed
combined with silence (pause)
Stress
Combination of loudness,
pitch and duration
Some languages use stress placement
lexically (the difference of meaning
depends entirely upon the location of
the stress), as Greek; but other
languages do no, as French.
English is a stress language
Stress is an important part of the
spoken identify of an English word
Tone
Differences in the pitch
of the voice
High level, mid-level, low
level, rising or falling
Some language use tone
lexically
The words have different meanings
depending on the tone with which it is said
English does not use tone lexically; it
uses tone for intonation
Speakers of English have to
make three decisions
Tonality
The division of thee spoken
material into chunks
Tonicity
The words on which the speaker
focuses the hearer's attention
Tone
The pitch movement the speaker is
going to associate with tonicity
A fall indicates that the
information is complete
A rise or rise-fall indicates that
there is something more to come
FUNCTIONS OF
ENGLISH INTONATION
The attitudinal function
To express attitudes and emotions
The grammatical function
To identify grammatical structures in speech
To distinguish clause types, such as question vs. statement,
and to disambiguate various grammatically ambiguous
structures
The focusing function
To show what information in an utterance
is new and what is already known
The discourse function
To signal how sequences of clauses and sentences go
together in spoken discourse, to contrast or to cohere
The psychological function
To organize speech into units that are easy to
perceive, memorize and perform
The indexical function
Just as with other pronunciation features, intonation
may act as a marker of personal or social identity.
When English language assume that
English is like their own first language...
They transfer the intonation from L1 to L2
Positive transfer
When the elements of intonation
are the same in English and in the
L1. E.g. German
Negative transfer
When the elements of
intonation of English are not
used in the same way as in
the L1. E.g. French
Interference from L1 as
inappropriate elements
are transferred
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5515727
mind_map
2016-06-23T00:31:57Z
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