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Caro Osorio
Mind Map by , created more than 1 year ago

Chapter 1 from Well's book

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Caro Osorio
Created by Caro Osorio over 8 years ago
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5 comments

over 8 years ago
Congratulations!! In my opinion you've done a very good job
over 8 years ago
Nice! very well explained! i agree that the colours used really help us to understand it better!
over 8 years ago
Teacher, I don't know how to do it! If you explain me, I would like to include some pictures!
over 8 years ago
I love it! It is really complete and the colors you used help us to understand the connections!
over 8 years ago
excellent job!!! Why didn't you use some pics????
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INTONATION:Also known asprosody orsuprasegmentalsMelody of the speechSTUDIESHow does the pitchof the voice riseand fall?How do speakers usethe pitch variation toconvey linguistic andpragmatic meaning?The rhythm of speechHow the interplay of accented,stressed and unstressed syllablesfunction as a framework onto whichthe intonation patterns areattached?Almost any intonationpattern is possile in English,but thy may have differentmeaningPROSODIC FEATURESRhythm of the speechPitch, loudness and speedcombined with silence (pause)StressCombination of loudness,pitch and durationSome languages use stress placementlexically (the difference of meaningdepends entirely upon the location ofthe stress), as Greek; but otherlanguages do no, as French.English is a stress languageStress is an important part of thespoken identify of an English wordToneDifferences in the pitchof the voiceHigh level, mid-level, lowlevel, rising or fallingSome language use tonelexicallyThe words have different meaningsdepending on the tone with which it is saidEnglish does not use tone lexically; ituses tone for intonationSpeakers of English have tomake three decisionsTonalityThe division of thee spokenmaterial into chunksTonicityThe words on which the speakerfocuses the hearer's attentionToneThe pitch movement the speaker isgoing to associate with tonicityA fall indicates that theinformation is completeA rise or rise-fall indicates thatthere is something more to comeFUNCTIONS OFENGLISH INTONATIONThe attitudinal functionTo express attitudes and emotionsThe grammatical functionTo identify grammatical structures in speechTo distinguish clause types, such as question vs. statement,and to disambiguate various grammatically ambiguousstructuresThe focusing functionTo show what information in an utteranceis new and what is already knownThe discourse functionTo signal how sequences of clauses and sentences gotogether in spoken discourse, to contrast or to cohereThe psychological functionTo organize speech into units that are easy toperceive, memorize and performThe indexical functionJust as with other pronunciation features, intonationmay act as a marker of personal or social identity.When English language assume thatEnglish is like their own first language...They transfer the intonation from L1 to L2Positive transferWhen the elements of intonationare the same in English and in theL1. E.g. GermanNegative transferWhen the elements ofintonation of English are notused in the same way as inthe L1. E.g. FrenchInterference from L1 asinappropriate elementsare transferredDouble click this nodeto edit the textClick and drag this buttonto create a new node