All the individual and units that play role in the purchase decision-making process
Carefully analyzing a product or service's components to determine if they can be redesigned and made more effectively and efficiently to provide greater value
Purchasing through electronic connections between buyers and sellers - usually online
Put purchasing request online and invite suppliers to bid for the business
Companies work collectively to facilitate the trading process
Dividing a market into different geographical units, such as nations, states, regions, counties, cities, or even neighborhoods
Dividing the market into segments based on variables such as age, life-cycle stage, gender, income, occupation, education, religion, ethnicity, and generation
Dividing a market into different age and life-cycle groups
Dividing a market into different segments based on gender
Dividing a market into different income segments
Dividing a market into different segments based on social class, lifestlye, or personality characteristics
Dividing a market into segments based on consumer knowledge, attitudes, use of a product, or responses to a product
Dividing the market into segments according to occasions when buyers get the idea to buy, actually make their purchase, or use the purchased item
Dividing the market into segments according to the different benefits that consumers seek from the product
Forming segments to consumers who have similar needs and buying behaviors even though they are located in different countries
A set of buyers sharing common needs or characteristics that the company decides to serve
A market-coverage strategy in which a firm decides to ignore the market segment differences and go after the whole market with one offer
A market-coverage strategy in which a firm decides to target several market segments and designs separate offer for each
A market-coverage strategy in which a firm goes after a large share of one or a few segments or niches
Tailoring products and marketing programs to the neds and wants of specific individuals and local customer segments; it includes local marketing and individual marketing
Tailoring brands and marketing to the needs and wants of local customer segments - cities, neighborhoods, and even specific stores
Tailoring products and marketing programs to the needs and preferences of individual customers
The way a product is defined by customers on important attributes - the place the product occupies in consumer's minds relative to competing products
An advantage over competitors gained by offering greater customer value, either by having lower prices or providing more benefits that justify higher prices
The full positioning of a brand - the full mix of benefits on which it is positioned
Anything that can be offered to a market for attention, acquisition, use or consumption that might satisfy a want or a need
An activity, benefit or satisfaction offered for sale that is essentially intangible and does nor result in the ownership of anything
A product bought by final consumers for personal consumption
A consumer product that customers usually buy frequently, immediately, and with minimal comparison and buying effort
A consumer product that the customer, in the process of selecting and purchasing, usually compares on such attributes as suitability, quality, price, and style
A consumer product with unique characteristics or brand identification for which a significant group of buyers is willing to make a special purchase effort
A consumer product that the consumer either does not know about or knows about but does not normally consider buying
A product bought by individuals and organizations for further processing or for use in conducting a business
