Israel- Israel had the highest percentage of insecure ambivalent attachment types. Sage studied children living in an Israeli Kibbutzim, a commune or collective community where childrearing is shared and children are often raised by a metapelet (non-biological community member). The insecure ambivalent attachment type was found in the kibbutz children because the mother could not give prompt attention to individual children. Kibbutz children have extended childcare, often experiencing communal sleeping arrangements. This cultural difference affecting the attachment type is supported further by Sagi et al (1991) comparing the Kibbutz children who experienced family sleeping arrangements and communal sleeping. They found that children who slept with family showed 'normal' attachment patterns compared with children who slept communally.
Germany- Grossman et a. (1985) found a greater number of insecure avoidant attachment types. This does not mean that German mothers are insensitive to their children's needs. Grossman et al conducted extensive observations of family life in Germany and concluded that the over-representation of insecure ambivalent attachment types was due to the cultural value placed on independence and early weaning.
Japan- Miyake et al (1985) found a higher number of insecure avoidant attachment types in Japan than in the USA, but no insecure ambivalent attachment types at all. Miyake explained that traditional Japanese children are kept close to pacify them and they rarely cry. In the strange situation procedure, these children would become very distressed. Durrett et al (1984) observed that in modern Japanese families, mothers do go out to work and leave their children. The attachment types found amongst these modern families are similar to those found in the USA
BALITMORE- 65% secure, 23% insecure avoidant, 12% insecure ambivalent
SAGI- 37% secure, 13% insecure avoidant, 50% insecure ambivalent
GROSSMAN- 33% secure, 49% insecure avoidant. 18% insecure ambivalent
MIYAKE- 68% secure, 0% insecure avoidant, 32% insecure ambivalent

	Created by Rebecca Johnstone over 8 years ago

A-Level Psychology Slide Set on Child Psychology, created by Rebecca Johnstone on 02/06/2016.

Child Psychology