Sophie Barrett
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Undergraduate Genetics and Development Quiz on Mutations, created by Sophie Barrett on 20/02/2014.

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Sophie Barrett
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Mutations

Question 1 of 28

1

Point mutations affect a large region of the DNA.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 2 of 28

1

Which of the following can cause DNA Mutations?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Chemicals

  • Radiation

  • Medication

  • Errors in DNA Repair Mechanisms

Explanation

Question 3 of 28

1

In eukaryotes, DNA Mutations that occur in the non-coding regions may still have an affect on the organism.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 4 of 28

1

Most mutations occur in the DNA of germ-line cells.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 5 of 28

1

A new mutation is only of consequence to the next generation if it occurs in germ line cells.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 6 of 28

1

Which of the following is a direct consequence of somatic cell DNA mutation?

Select one of the following:

  • Cancer

  • Diabetes

  • Cushing's Syndrome

  • Fatty Liver

Explanation

Question 7 of 28

1

Ageing may be, in part, a consequence of an accumulation of somatic cell mutations.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 8 of 28

1

Evolution depends on mutations.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 9 of 28

1

How are gene mutations removed from population?

Select one of the following:

  • Individuals choose not to mate with another individual carrying mutations.

  • Individuals with mutations choose not to mate with healthy individuals.

  • Mutations that have detrimental effects lower the chance of survival of that individual, a lower chance of reproduction means the genes are not inherited.

  • The DNA splices out mutations when the foetus is developing.

Explanation

Question 10 of 28

1

A point mutation occurring in non-coding DNA can still be lethal.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 11 of 28

1

Which of the following is NOT a type of DNA mutation?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Insertion or Deletion

  • Base Substitution

  • Base Transportation

  • Large Deletions

  • Point Mutations

Explanation

Question 12 of 28

1

Roughly what percentage of DNA is non-coding?

Select one of the following:

  • 99%

  • 95%

  • 22%

  • 57%

Explanation

Question 13 of 28

1

Base Transversions involve a purine being replaced by a pyrimidine or vice versa.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 14 of 28

1

How do base transversions affect the DNA?

Select one of the following:

  • If a pyramidine is replaced with a purine, the DNA will fall apart.

  • If a purine is added, the DNA will stick to the edge of the nucleolus.

  • The DNA double helix shape will have either a bulge of dip in it.

  • The DNA double helix will not form at all, so these are fatal mutations.

Explanation

Question 15 of 28

1

Base Transitions can include example such as: G replacing A or T replacing C.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 16 of 28

1

Normal base pairing involves Adenine ( a keto type ) binding with Thymine (also a keto type) with 2 hydrogen bonds.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 17 of 28

1

Normal base pairing involves Cytosine (an amino type) binding to Guanine ( a keto type) with 3 hydrogen bonds.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 18 of 28

1

What are Tautomeric forms of the DNA bases?

Select one of the following:

  • Tau protein becomes embedded in the histone proteins.

  • Keto types are transformed into Enol groups and vice versa.

  • They are unable to bind to anything, so the DNA cannot form.

Explanation

Question 19 of 28

1

Low concentrations of Guanine(enol) exist, so one rare abnormal base pairing is: G(enol) with T(keto).

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 20 of 28

1

Spontaneous mutations can be caused by tautomeric forms of DNA bases. These abnormal bases exist in low concentrations, in equilibrium in the cell. In vitro studies show that what percentage of DNA bases are in the rare abnormal form?

Select one of the following:

  • 0.003%

  • 0.1%

  • 1%

  • 0.013%

Explanation

Question 21 of 28

1

Which of the following statements concerning DNA/RNA proofreading is correct?

Select one of the following:

  • DNA Polymerase proofreads DNA and RNA in all organisms.

  • There is no proofreading mechanism available for RNA.

  • Viruses, such as influence and HIV, mutate regularly because they contain DNA polymerase, a mutagen for RNA.

Explanation

Question 22 of 28

1

One common repair mechanism is that of Alkylation - DNA polymerase alkyl groups, removes and replaces them.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 23 of 28

1

DNA Glycosylase removes and replaces the alkylated base.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 24 of 28

1

What feature of the Genetic Code minimises the chance of disadvantageous and fatal mutations?

Select one of the following:

  • We have so much non-coding DNA that we can use that are a repair template.

  • The Degeneracy of the Genetic Code.

  • DNA cannot become mutated once you are born, all mutations occur when you are growing.

Explanation

Question 25 of 28

1

The mutation causing sickle cell anaemia has not been removed from certain populations because is confers some resistance to...

Select one of the following:

  • HIV/AIDS in Caucasian individuals.

  • Malaria in Afro-Carribean individuals.

  • AIDS in children.

  • Lung cancer in Afro-Carribean smokers.

Explanation

Question 26 of 28

1

Nonsense mutations may lead to a truncated protein. How may this be detrimental?

Select one of the following:

  • The protein may become shaped like a elephant's trunk and will adhere to ribosomes.

  • The resulting protein may be missing active sites.

  • The protein might be so small that it can become 'lost' in the cytoplasm, because it can exit the nucleus through the nuclear pores.

Explanation

Question 27 of 28

1

Transposase is an enzyme which that promtes the jumping of short DNA sequences from one DNA molecule to another.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 28 of 28

1

Chromosomal translocation in the Philadelphia chromosome leads to...

Select one of the following:

  • Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia

  • Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia

  • A predisposition to Pancreatic Cancer.

  • Chronic Anaemia

Explanation

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