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ORAL BIOLOGY Mind Map on WATER FLUORIDATION, created by aahughes on 25/04/2013.

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aahughes
Created by aahughes almost 12 years ago
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WATER FLUORIDATIONJames Crichton BrowneHISTORY OF WATER FLUORIDATIONLinking brown stain to fluoride1902-1932Linking brown staining to DMFT1993Proving effectiveness of artificial waterF1945FREDERICK MCKAYMoves to Colorado and notices brown stains on teeth: COLORADO BROWN STAINMinute white flecks to yellow/brown spotscalled this MOTTLED TEETH 1901In 1909 Mckay enlists help of G.V BLACKFINDINGS: mottled teeth were more rough than normal teethNot any more prone to caries than normal teethSomething to do with water supply but they weren't sure 1916Then in a mining town of Oakley, Idahowere running out of water and sunk a deep well 1909Children born after then were subject to Colorado brown stainReported by Dr Robertson 1928 - Mckay +Kemp to investigatePublished results in 1930 still did not know what cause wasChief chemist of from ALCOA company (worried that people thought it was aluminium)Carried out tests on the water and found it was high Fluoride in water that caused stainH.TRENDLEY DEANShowed that more than 1ppm fluoride in water caused mottlingDr Ainsworth showed that optimum levels of F in water is 1ppmafter then not a significant drop in caries - more concerned with aestheticsMottling increases after 1ppmThey then realised that Fluoride has an effect on cariesARTIFICIAL WATER FLUORIDATION1STplace to receive it was Grand Rapids USA - 1945North/South Sheilds (WEAVER 1944) - kids in south had 50% less cariesWF reduces caries by 50-60% ( old data )With the introduction of t/pastes in 1970's - now a 20% reductionTIEL-CULEMBORG STUDYwater fluoride has great benefit on smooth surface10% of UK has WF50% of USA has WFREASONS FOR CEASING WFPOLITICAL - mass medication expensive?Advantage would be everyone receives it-decrease social in equalities80% of decay occurs in 20% of kidsie if a kid has decay, they have loads!IS IT SAFE/ETHICAL/EFFECTIVE?F is a naturally occurring substance ie Tea50% of ingested F is retained in calcified tissueF can Poison in large quantitiesUNETHICAL - people don't have a choice on receiving itFLUOROSISWHITE, OPAQUE, FLATacid abrasion can remove - superficial layer of Enamel where F liesFLUORIDE POISONING!If a child ingests more than 5mg per kg of child weight - get child to drink milk(Ca binds to F) take to hospitalDouble click this nodeto edit the textClick and drag this buttonto create a new node