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Arthrology, Myology - Part 1 (b)

Arthrology, Myology - Part 1 (b)

Question 1 of 53

1

The pulse of the femoral artery is best felt at which superficial reference point?

Select one of the following:

  • Anterior to the ankle joint

  • Femoral triangle

  • Mid-thigh

  • Popliteal fossa

  • Right lateral portion of the hypogastrium

Explanation

Question 2 of 53

1

At which site could one expect to enter the femoral vein with a simple percutaneous (through the skin) introduction of an instrument?

Select one of the following:

  • Above the middle of the inguinal ligament

  • Lateral to the femoral arterial pulse

  • Lateral to the pubic tubercle

  • Medial to the femoral arterial pulse

  • Medial to the pubic tubercle

Explanation

Question 3 of 53

1

What anterior thigh muscle must be retracted to expose the adductor canal and its contents?

Select one of the following:

  • Adductor magnus

  • Gracilis

  • Rectus femoris

  • Sartorius

  • Vastus intermedius

Explanation

Question 4 of 53

1

An obturator hernia that compresses the obturator nerve in the obturator canal may affect the function of all of the following muscles EXCEPT:

Select one of the following:

  • Adductor brevis

  • Adductor longus

  • Gracilis

  • Pectineus

Explanation

Question 5 of 53

1

Which of the following is NOT located within the adductor canal?

Select one of the following:

  • Saphenous nerve

  • Femoral artery

  • Nerve to vastus medialis

  • Femoral vein

  • Deep femoral artery

Explanation

Question 6 of 53

1

Inability to extend the knee and loss of cutaneous sensation over the anterior surface of the thigh would indicate a lesion or compression of the:

Select one of the following:

  • Superior gluteal nerve

  • Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

  • Sciatic nerve

  • Femoral nerve

  • Obturator nerve

Explanation

Question 7 of 53

1

Which statement is true?

Select one of the following:

  • The femoral artery lies medial to the femoral vein

  • The femoral vein lies medial to the femoral artery

  • The external iliac veins join to form the inferior vena cava

  • The inferior vena cava cannot be imaged radiographically

  • A and C

Explanation

Question 8 of 53

1

The femoral artery enters the popliteal fossa (becoming the popliteal artery) by passing through the:

Select one of the following:

  • Adductor hiatus

  • Femoral canal

  • Femoral sheath

  • Femoral triangle

  • Saphenous opening

Explanation

Question 9 of 53

1

When the femur is fractured, the broken distal end often turns posteriorly to enter the popliteal fossa due to muscle traction. Because of its position deepest in the fossa, which structure is most vulnerable to laceration?

Select one of the following:

  • Common fibular n.

  • Lesser saphenous v.

  • Popliteal a.

  • Popliteal v.

  • Tibial n.

Explanation

Question 10 of 53

1

The deep femoral artery is the principle blood source for the muscles in which compartment of the thigh?

Select one of the following:

  • Anterior

  • Lateral (gluteal)

  • Medial (adductor)

  • Posterior (hamstring)

Explanation

Question 11 of 53

1

A fracture of the ishial tuberosity might be expected to most directly affect the muscles that produce which lower limb movement?

Select one of the following:

  • Abduction at the hip

  • Adduction at the hip

  • Extension at the knee

  • Flexion at the hip

  • Flexion at the knee

Explanation

Question 12 of 53

1

An elderly patient complains of difficulty in walking up stairs. Tests by her doctor reveal weakness in extension at her hip, but no change in hip flexion, or flexion or extension of the knee. Based upon these results, what muscle is most likely not functioning properly.

Select one of the following:

  • Adductor magnus

  • Gluteus maximus

  • Gluteus medius

  • Iliopsoas

  • Semitendinosus

Explanation

Question 13 of 53

1

Weakness in climbing stairs or jumping would indicate a lesion of which nerve?

Select one of the following:

  • Tibial

  • Superior gluteal

  • Inferior gluteal

  • Obturator

  • Femoral

Explanation

Question 14 of 53

1

The lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve comes from the:

Select one of the following:

  • Axillary nerve

  • Medial cord nerve

  • Musculocutaneous nerve

  • Radial nerve

  • Ulnar nerve

Explanation

Question 15 of 53

1

In withdrawing a blood sample from the median cubital vein the needle passes slightly deep and medial; which nerve might possibly be injured?

Select one of the following:

  • Dorsal ulnar cutaneous

  • Lateral antebrachial cutaneous

  • Medial antebrachial cutaneous

  • Posterior antebrachial cutaneous

  • Superficial radial

Explanation

Question 16 of 53

1

The vein of choice for withdrawing blood is the:

Select one of the following:

  • Basilic

  • Caphalic

  • Median antebrachial

  • Median cubital

Explanation

Question 17 of 53

1

Which of the following statements for knee joint is true:

Select one or more of the following:

  • Is synovial joint:

  • Can only do flexion and extension

  • The knee cap (patella) takes part in this joint

  • Possesses synovial pockets called bursae

  • Medial meniscus gets 10 times more frequently injured.

Explanation

Question 18 of 53

1

The following nerves are directly related to the humerus

Select one or more of the following:

  • The radial nerve

  • The median nerve

  • The ulnar nerve

  • The axillary (circumflex) nerve

  • The musculocutaneous nerve.

Explanation

Question 19 of 53

1

The shaft of the humerus

Select one or more of the following:

  • Has the lateral head of the triceps muscle attached to its upper posterior part

  • Has a nutrient foramen directed downwards

  • Has the radial nerve posterior to it

  • Has the brachialis muscle attached to its anterior surface

  • In the adult contains red bone marrow

Explanation

Question 20 of 53

1

The basilic vein

Select one or more of the following:

  • Begins on the medial side of the back of the wrist

  • Becomes deep about the middle of the upper arm

  • Ends by joining the subclavian

  • Is medial to the biceps muscle in the upper arm

  • Ends after piercing the clavipectoral fascia.

Explanation

Question 21 of 53

1

The upper end of the humerus

Select one or more of the following:

  • Has the subscapularis muscle attached to the greater tuberosity

  • Has the teres major muscle attached to the floor of the intertubercular sulcus (bicipital groove)

  • Has three epiphyses which fuse separately with the shaft

  • Has the capsular ligament of the glenohumeral attached to the whole of the anatomical neck.

  • Is the growing end of the humerus

Explanation

Question 22 of 53

1

The cephalic vein

Select one or more of the following:

  • Begins in the region of the anatomical snuff box

  • At the elbow is deep to the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm

  • Ends by joining the brachial vein

  • Is medial to the biceps muscle in the upper arm

  • Has no valves

Explanation

Question 23 of 53

1

The medial cord of the brachial plexus

Select one or more of the following:

  • Gives a branch to the pectoralis major muscle

  • Gives origin to the ulnar nerve

  • Forms part of the median nerve

  • Contains fibres of the fifth cervical spinal nerve

  • Lies medial to the axillary artery

Explanation

Question 24 of 53

1

The axillary nerve

Select one or more of the following:

  • Has no cutaneous branches

  • Supplies the deltoid and teres minor muscles

  • Passes backwards inferior to the teres major muscle

  • Contains fibres from the fifth and sixth cervical spinal nerves

  • Is medial to the long head of the triceps muscle.

Explanation

Question 25 of 53

1

The pectoralis major muscle

Select one or more of the following:

  • Is attached to the floor of the intertubercular sulcus (bicipital groove)

  • Is supplied by branches of the three cords of the brachial plexus

  • Is a lateral rotator of the upper arm at the glenohumeral joint

  • Is involved in flexion of the upper arm at the glenohumeral joint

  • Is used in climbing a rope by means of the upper limbs

Explanation

Question 26 of 53

1

The posterior cord of the brachial plexus

Select one or more of the following:

  • Contains fibres from only the seventh and eight cervical spinal nerves

  • Gives off a branch which joins the median nerve

  • Is posterior to the axillary artery

  • Gives off branches which supply the subscapularis, teres major and latissimus dorsi muscles

  • Contains fibres which supply the muscles on the back of the forearm.

Explanation

Question 27 of 53

1

The deltoid muscle (or part of it) can be used in

Select one or more of the following:

  • Medial rotation of the upper arm at the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint

  • Abduction of the upper arm at the glenohumeral joint

  • Lateral rotation of the upper arm at the glenohumeral joint

  • Adduction of the upper arm at the glenohumeral joint

  • Flexion of the upper arm at the glenohumeral joint.

Explanation

Question 28 of 53

1

The lower end of the humerus

Select one or more of the following:

  • Has part of the supinator muscle attached to it

  • Has the ulnar nerve running posterior to its lateral part

  • Usually has its four separate epiphyses by 12 years

  • Fuses with the shaft before the upper end fuses with the shaft

  • Has part of the pronator teres muscle attached to it.

Explanation

Question 29 of 53

1

Flexion of the upper limb at the shoulder through 180' from the anatomical position

Select one or more of the following:

  • Requires the contraction of the sternocostal head of the pectoralis major muscle

  • Involves the contraction of the anterior part of the deltoid muscle

  • Involves a muscle supplied by the musculocutaneous nerve

  • Involves the contraction of the serratus anterior muscle

  • Involves muscles supplied mainly by the eight cervical spinal nerve

Explanation

Question 30 of 53

1

In the cubital (antecubital) fossa

Select one or more of the following:

  • The ulnar nerve is on the medial side

  • The radial nerve is on the lateral side

  • The median nerve passes downwards on the lateral side of the brachial artery

  • All the superficial veins are deep to the cutaneous nerves

  • The brachial artery is lateral to the tendon of the biceps muscles.

Explanation

Question 31 of 53

1

The deltoid muscle

Select one or more of the following:

  • Is supplied solely by the axillary (circumflex) nerve

  • Is supplied solely by the sixth and seventh cervical spinal nerves

  • Is associated with contraction of the supraspinatus muscle in abduction of the upper arm at the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint

  • Is attached to the posterior surface of the clavicle

  • Is attached to the humerus just distal to the lesser tuberosity.

Explanation

Question 32 of 53

1

The femoral vein in the femoral triangle

Select one or more of the following:

  • Is medial to the femoral artery

  • Is lateral to the femoral canal

  • Directly receives the greater (long) saphenous vein

  • Directly receives the superficial epigastric vein

  • Directly receives the profunda femoris vein.

Explanation

Question 33 of 53

1

The following muscles are inserted into the greater trochanter of femur EXCEPT:

Select one or more of the following:

  • Gluteus maximus

  • Gluteus medius

  • Gluteus minimus

  • Piriformis

  • Obturator externus

Explanation

Question 34 of 53

1

The adductor (subsartorial) canal

Select one or more of the following:

  • Is bounded laterally by the vastus lateralis muscle

  • Contains the profunda femoris vessels

  • Contains a large arterial branch which takes part in the anastomosis round the knee joint

  • Contains the nerve to the vastus medialis muscle

  • Contains the saphenous nerve

Explanation

Question 35 of 53

1

The femoral canal

Select one or more of the following:

  • Is the lateral compartment of the femoral sheath

  • Contains some lymph vessels

  • At its proximal end its posterior to the inguinal ligament

  • At the proximal end is medial to the femoral vein

  • Contains the femoral branch of the genitofemoral nerve

Explanation

Question 36 of 53

1

The obturator nerve:

Select one or more of the following:

  • Has an anterior branch which is anterior to the adductor longus muscle

  • Supplies both the hip and knee joints

  • Has no cutaneous branches

  • Has a posterior branch which supplies the obturator externus muscle

  • Is lateral to the ureter in the pelvis

Explanation

Question 37 of 53

1

The piriformis muscle

Select one or more of the following:

  • Is attached to the greater trochanter

  • Emerges from the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen

  • Is a lateral rotator of the thigh at the hip

  • Is inferior to the gluteus medius in the buttock

  • Has the sciatic nerve emerging inferior to its lower border

Explanation

Question 38 of 53

1

The femoral nerve

Select one or more of the following:

  • Continues as a cutaneous branch which runs along the lateral border of the foot

  • Supplies the iliacus

  • Supplies the pectineus muscle

  • Supplies the obturator externus muscle

  • Lies within the femoral sheath

Explanation

Question 39 of 53

1

The deep fascia of the thigh

Select one or more of the following:

  • Is attached to the inguinal ligament

  • Is deep to the great (long) saphenous vein

  • Transmits only veins

  • Receives the insertion of the whole of the tensor fasciae latae muscle

  • Contains the saphenous opening which is situated 3cm below and medial to the pubic tubercle.

Explanation

Question 40 of 53

1

The biceps femoris muscle

Select one or more of the following:

  • Has a common origin with the semitendinosus muscle from the ischial tuberosity

  • Has a short head which is attached to the femur medial to the attached of the adductor magnus muscle

  • Is entirely innervated by the common peroneal (lateral popliteal) nerve

  • Is superficial to the common peroneal nerve

  • Is a lateral rotator of the leg on the thigh when the leg is fully extended at the knee joint

Explanation

Question 41 of 53

1

With regard to the quadriceps femoris muscle

Select one or more of the following:

  • The rectus femoris has one attachment to the hip bone.

  • The vastus intermedius is attached to the medial surface of the femur

  • The vastus lateralis has fleshy fibres extending more distally than those of the vastus medialis

  • The lowermost fibres of the vastus medialis are vertically arranged

  • Its nerve supply comes from the lumbar and sacral spinal nerves.

  • None of the above (option not included on the test)

Explanation

Question 42 of 53

1

The gluteus maximus muscle

Select one or more of the following:

  • Is attached to the introchanteric line of the femur

  • Is attached to the iliotibial tract

  • Is an extensor of the trunk on the lower limb

  • Contracts during normal walking on flat ground

  • Contracts during normal walking upstairs.

Explanation

Question 43 of 53

1

The femoral nerve

Select one or more of the following:

  • Gives directly or indirectly branches to the hip and knee joints

  • Gives branches to the quadriceps femoris muscle

  • Gives off the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

  • Originates from the second, third and fourth lumbar spinal nerves

  • Lies between the psoas and iliacus muscle external to the fascia iliiaca

Explanation

Question 44 of 53

1

The popliteal artery

Select one or more of the following:

  • Is anterior to the popliteal vein

  • Is anterior to the tibial (medial popliteal nerve)

  • Is anterior to the popliteus muscle

  • Divides into the anterior and posterior tibial arteries at the lower border of the popliteus muscle

  • Is lateral to the semimembranosus muscle

Explanation

Question 45 of 53

1

The psoas major muscle

Select one or more of the following:

  • Is innervated by the anterior primary rami of the first three lumbar spinal nerves

  • Is attached to the lesser trochanter

  • Is an extensor of the thigh at the hip

  • Is lateral to the femoral nerve

  • In its upper part is posteromedial to the ureter.

Explanation

Question 46 of 53

1

The femoral triangle

Select one or more of the following:

  • Is bounded below and medially by the adductor brevis muscle

  • Has a floor formed by the iliacus muscle, the psoas major tendon, the pectineus muscle and adductor longus muscle

  • Contains the femoral vessels with the femoral nerve medial to them

  • Is roofed over by the fascia lata of the thigh

  • Contains the obturator nerve

Explanation

Question 47 of 53

1

The right gluteus medius muscle

Select one or more of the following:

  • Is attached to the lateral side of the greater trochanter

  • Is innervated by the inferior gluteal nerve

  • Is essential for normal walking on flat ground

  • Is an abductor of the thigh at the hip

  • Is usually contracted when standing on the right lower limb.

Explanation

Question 48 of 53

1

The femoral artery

Select one or more of the following:

  • Is anterior to the femoral vein in the upper part of the adductor (subsartorial) canal

  • Passes through the adductor longus muscle

  • Is deep to the adductor brevis muscle

  • Has no branches in the adductor canal

  • Lies behind psoas major on the capsule of the hip joint

Explanation

Question 49 of 53

1

The obturator nerve

Select one or more of the following:

  • Arises from the second, third and fourth lumbar nerves

  • Lies above the obturator vessels on the lateral wall of the pelvis

  • Supplies the obturator internus muscle

  • Has no sensory branches

  • Supplies the gracilis muscle

Explanation

Question 50 of 53

1

The deltoid

Select one or more of the following:

  • Initiates abduction of the shoulder

  • Has an extensive range of action because it is multipennate

  • Is supplied by the radial nerve

  • Inserts into a rough elevation on lateral aspect of humerus

  • Together with the head of humerus, it is responsible for the characteristic roundness of the shoulder

Explanation

Question 51 of 53

1

The axillary artery

Select one or more of the following:

  • Begins at the upper border of the clavicle

  • Terminates as it crosses the inferior border of pectoralis minor

  • Is contained in the axillary sheath

  • Has the median nerve anterior to its proximal third

  • Has the radial nerve behind its distal third

Explanation

Question 52 of 53

1

The biceps brachii:

Select one or more of the following:

  • Flexes both the shoulder and the elbow joints

  • Both supinates and pronates the forearm

  • Short head arises from clavicle

  • Tendon of long head is partially enclosed in synovial membrane

  • Is supplied by the median nerve

Explanation

Question 53 of 53

1

In the adult vertebral column

Select one or more of the following:

  • The primary curves are in the thoracic and sacral region.

  • There is more flexion and extension in the lumbar region than in the thoracic region

  • There is more rotation about a longitudinal axis in the thoracic region than in the lumbar region

  • The transverse processes are posterior to the articular processes in all the vertebrae

  • The shape of the intervertebral discs contributes to the secondary curves

Explanation

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