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Quiz on 1_Prosocial Behaviour, created by murat sertay on 15/08/2016.

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1_Prosocial Behaviour

Question 1 of 47

1

Prosocial behaviour is:

Select one of the following:

  • Behaviour only intended to help oneself

  • Behaviour intended to help others without the expectation of reward for the effort(s)

Explanation

Question 2 of 47

1

A man sexually assaulted Kitty Genovese in 1964. There were reportedly 38 witnesses in the 30-minute span in which it had occurred. Darley and Latané (1968) highlighted that all the witnesses involved would have been aware of others that were there to see it as well. What was this effect called?

Select one of the following:

  • The bystander effect

  • The witness effect

  • The Latané effect

Explanation

Question 3 of 47

1

According to Darley and Latané (1968), were participants more or less likely to help when the participant was alone?

Select one of the following:

  • More likely

  • Less likely

Explanation

Question 4 of 47

1

According to Darley and Latané (1968), were participants more or less likely to help when there were up to four others involved that required additional help?

Select one of the following:

  • More likely

  • Less likely

Explanation

Question 5 of 47

1

Was there a significant difference when it came to sex differences in the Darley and Latané (1968) study?

Select one of the following:

  • Yes

  • No

Explanation

Question 6 of 47

1

Was there a significant difference when it came to whether or not a bystander was medically qualified in the Darley and Latané (1968) study?

Select one of the following:

  • Yes

  • No

Explanation

Question 7 of 47

1

Manning (et al., 2007) criticised the Darley and Latané (1968) study. How many witnesses were there at the scene?

Select one of the following:

  • 6

  • 10

  • 25

  • More than 100

Explanation

Question 8 of 47

1

According to Manning (et al., 2007) did witnesses call the police after the man's initial attack (Darley and Latané, 1968)?

Select one of the following:

  • Yes, they did

  • No, they did not

Explanation

Question 9 of 47

1

According to Manning (et al., 2007) did witnesses attempt to notify the police (Darley and Latané, 1968)?

Select one of the following:

  • Yes, they did

  • No, they did not

Explanation

Question 10 of 47

1

Did Dickerson (2012) find there to be erroneous reporting in the Kitty Genovese case?

Select one of the following:

  • Yes, they have existed for decades now

  • No, it was completely verified

Explanation

Question 11 of 47

1

What do the Dickerson (2012) findings imply?

Select one of the following:

  • A culture of consensual, uncritical acceptance

  • A culture of hate and discrimination

  • A culture of repetition

Explanation

Question 12 of 47

1

Are the Dickerson (2012) findings largely within the realm of social psychology, or out of it?

Select one of the following:

  • Largely within it

  • Largely out of it

Explanation

Question 13 of 47

1

According to the Piliavin, Rodin, and Piliavin (1969) findings, did onlookers spontaneously help when a person collapsed on a train?

Select one of the following:

  • Yes, 62/65 times (95.4%)

  • No, 3/65 times (4.6%)

Explanation

Question 14 of 47

1

Did the proportion of people that helped a person who had collapsed spontaneously on a train differ significantly dependent on its cause?

Select one of the following:

  • Yes, it did (eg, heart attack vs. alcoholism)

  • No, it did not, people helped anyway

Explanation

Question 15 of 47

1

Can the bystander effect explain the results found by Piliavin, Rodin, and Piliavan (1969) for prosocial behaviour on a train for someone who has spontaneously collapsed?

Select one of the following:

  • Yes

  • No

Explanation

Question 16 of 47

1

In discussion of the role of attribution in prosocial behaviour, how successful was the request for notes when there was no internal attribution (eg, "Someone stole my notes at lunch break")?

Select one of the following:

  • A lot more successful compared to "I went to the beach"

  • A lot less successful compared to versions such as "My dog ate my homework"

Explanation

Question 17 of 47

1

In discussing the role of attribution in prosocial behaviour, what are the effects of being helped when a person appears inebriated (eg, drunk) or smells of alcohol?

Select one of the following:

  • Chances are greatly reduced

  • Chances are greatly increased

Explanation

Question 18 of 47

1

Between the two groups, who is more likely to be helped by bystanders in terms of prosocial behaviour: welfare recipients or the poor?

Select one of the following:

  • Welfare recipients (internal attribution)

  • The poor (external attribution)

Explanation

Question 19 of 47

1

When people decide to help another person, do they go through a list of internal cognitive processes?

Select one of the following:

  • Yes, they do

  • No, it's unlikely that they do

Explanation

Question 20 of 47

1

Piliavin (et al., 1981) incorporated a model to explain prosocial behaviour. It has (a) physical or psychological arousal, (b) the attribution of the cause of arousal, and (c) a cost-benefit analysis - or diffusion of responsibility. What is the made of the model?

Select one of the following:

  • The Arousal Cost-Reward Model

  • The Cost Attribution Model

  • The Prosocial Attribution Model

Explanation

Question 21 of 47

1

According to Piliavin (et al., 1981), participants perceive a situation to be more or less costly when others are involved?

Select one of the following:

  • More costly

  • Less costly

Explanation

Question 22 of 47

1

In a Darley and Latané (1968) study, participants conducted an internal cost-benefit analysis of whether or not to report a seizure. What were the arousal levels of the non-reporting participants?

Select one of the following:

  • They were more emotionally aroused

  • They were less emotionally aroused

Explanation

Question 23 of 47

1

In a Darley and Latané (1968) study, participants conducted an internal cost-benefit analysis of whether or not to report a seizure. What happened to the non-responding participants?

Select one of the following:

  • They acted quickly and reported it

  • They were very indecisive

Explanation

Question 24 of 47

1

In a Darley and Latané (1968) study, participants conducted an internal cost-benefit analysis of whether or not to report a seizure. What happened to the participants that were indecisive?

Select one of the following:

  • The cost of not helping gradually reduced and the conflict became acute

  • The cost of not helping was increased and the conflict became reduced

Explanation

Question 25 of 47

1

A criticism of prosocial behaviour explanations in terms of its focus is that:

Select one of the following:

  • It is too individualistic

  • It is not individualistic enough

Explanation

Question 26 of 47

1

Do prosocial behaviour explanations account for groups or the socially-constructed natures of prosocial behaviour?

Select one of the following:

  • Yes, they do account for that

  • No, they do not account for that in local interactional contexts (eg, arguments) or wider sociocultural contexts (eg, ideologies)

Explanation

Question 27 of 47

1

Participants' football team preferences were made salient in the Levine (et al., 2005) study. What happened when participants encountered a jogger that had hurt their ankle when running?

Select one of the following:

  • Participants were more likely to help if they were wearing a shirt of their preferred team (92%)

  • Participants were less likely to help if they were wearing a shirt of their preferred team (8%)

Explanation

Question 28 of 47

1

Participants' football team preferences were made salient in the Levine (et al., 2005) study. What happened when the jogger was dressed as a supporter of their own team?

Select one of the following:

  • They helped the most (80%)

  • They did not help the most (20%)

Explanation

Question 29 of 47

1

Participants' football team preferences were made salient in the Levine (et al., 2005) study. What happened when the jogger was dressed as supporters of a different team to the participants?

Select one of the following:

  • They helped them (70%)

  • They didn't help them (30%)

Explanation

Question 30 of 47

1

Participants' football team preferences were made salient in the Levine (et al., 2005) study. What happened when the jogger was dressed without a football shirt on?

Select one of the following:

  • They did help

  • They didn't help (20%)

Explanation

Question 31 of 47

1

According to Levine (et al., 2005) what effect does the perception of common group perception and attitudes have on prosocial behaviour?

Select one of the following:

  • Common group membership increases the likelihood of prosocial behaviour

  • Common group membership does not necessarily increase the likelihood of prosocial behaviour

Explanation

Question 32 of 47

1

According to the Levine (et al., 2005) findings, do relevant group identities need to become more active or salient during specific times for prosocial behaviour to become more plausible?

Select one of the following:

  • Yes, it does

  • No, it does not

Explanation

Question 33 of 47

1

What did Saucier, Miller, and Doucet (2005) find in their 31-study review of the levels of prosocial behaviour between black and white students?

Select one of the following:

  • White students were less likely to help black students

  • White students were more likely to help black students

Explanation

Question 34 of 47

1

Do the findings by Saucier, Miller, and Doucet (2005) highlight both racism and ingroup-outgroup mentalities?

Select one of the following:

  • Yes, they do

  • No, they do not

Explanation

Question 35 of 47

1

According to the social constructionist perspective, are the descriptors of prosocial behaviour accurate? Furthermore, can they be used by anyone?

Select one of the following:

  • Yes, they can comprise of all realities

  • No, they are not direct representations of reality, only one of many

Explanation

Question 36 of 47

1

Does the overly individualistic focus on prosocial behaviour neglect localised interactional context in which attributions are made?

Select one of the following:

  • Yes, they do

  • No, they don't

Explanation

Question 37 of 47

1

According to Dickerson (2012), if the attributions through explanatory talk are being used to justify certain behaviours in a certain light, can they be treated as direct or straightforward representations?

Select one of the following:

  • Yes, they can

  • No, they cannot

Explanation

Question 38 of 47

1

Ichheiser (1943) argued that attributions are not simply single cognitive events because they must be considered in wider social contexts. According to Cherry (1995):

Select one of the following:

  • Widespread abuse of women during the 1960s was largely ignored and the police were reticent to intervene

  • There is too much conflicting evidence to suggest that there was a salient culture on domestic abuse during the 1960s

Explanation

Question 39 of 47

1

Ichheiser (1943) argued that attributions are not simply single cognitive events because they must be considered in wider social contexts. Can giving money to homeless people be constructed differently depending on where you are?

Select one of the following:

  • No, because giving money to the homeless is universally seen as a good thing

  • Yes, because not everyone everywhere sees homeless people in the same way - largely because of sociopolitical cultures

Explanation

Question 40 of 47

1

Ichheiser (1943) argued that attributions are not simply single cognitive events because they must be considered in wider social contexts. Were the "good samaritans" of the 1930s really prosocial?

Select one of the following:

  • Yes, they were

  • No, the only thought that they were good people at the time because of the sociopolitical context (eg, Nazi government in Germany during the World War)

Explanation

Question 41 of 47

1

Foucault mentioned that psychology researchers' constructions may be upholding particular ideologies. If we construct psychology as "neutral" or "value-free", could we be subtly reinforcing and legitimising oppressive attitudes (eg, racism, sexism)?

Select one of the following:

  • Yes, we could be

  • No, I do not think so

Explanation

Question 42 of 47

1

Burr (2006) noted how psychology constructs itself as "neutral" or "value-free". For example, it highlights variables, uses scientific jargon, is written in third-person, and does not reflect on social influences in its research. Does this construction distract from the researcher's own personal interests?

Select one of the following:

  • Yes, because they don't believe them to be necessary

  • No, because they are being objective

Explanation

Question 43 of 47

1

Did Darley and Latané (1968) omit a crucial item of information in the Kitty Genovese case, according to Cherry (1995), in which a man was attacking a woman?

Select one of the following:

  • Yes, they did

  • No, they did not

Explanation

Question 44 of 47

1

According to Cherry (1995) in regards to the Darley and Latané (1968) study on Kitty Genovese, was this a neutral thing to do?

Select one of the following:

  • Yes, it was at the time

  • No, because ignoring social norms is a subtle acceptance and upholding of oppressive attitudes

Explanation

Question 45 of 47

1

Did Darley and Latané (1968) believe that they were contributing to research that now believes crowds facilitate antisocial behaviour?

Select one of the following:

  • Yes, they did believe that

  • No, they did not believe that

Explanation

Question 46 of 47

1

Burr (2006) suggested two ways that psychologists can use to avoid subtly reinforcing oppressive attitudes. One of them is:

Select one of the following:

  • By not using qualitative methods with holistic understandings of meanings that the events hold in a number of contexts

  • By using qualitative methods with holistic understandings of meaning that the events hold in a number of contexts (eg, where the research started)

Explanation

Question 47 of 47

1

Burr (2006) suggested two ways that psychologists can use to avoid subtly reinforcing oppressive attitudes. Another way is to:

Select one of the following:

  • Not employ "constant reflexivity" where sociocultural assumptions and biases do not underlie research and could not be critiqued in the future

  • Employ "constant reflexivity" where sociocultural assumptions and biases do underlie research and are open to critique in the future

Explanation

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