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social saved (Finished ) Quiz on Perspectives on Prejudice, created by murat sertay on 15/08/2016.

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Perspectives on Prejudice

Question 1 of 54

1

Stereotypes are:

Select one of the following:

  • Underlying cognitive structures or schemas that shape our judgments of other people or groups

  • Overt cognitive influences or schemas that circulate around society that underestimate the processes of others

Explanation

Question 2 of 54

1

Stereotypes ar judgements that are used to:

Select one of the following:

  • Make quicker decisions

  • Make slower, more methodical decisions

Explanation

Question 3 of 54

1

Can stereotypes be used to imply judgement?

Select one of the following:

  • Yes

  • No

Explanation

Question 4 of 54

1

Katz and Brady (1933) measured the ethnic stereotypes held by a group of college undergraduates. It was replicated later by other researchers (Gilbert, 1951; Karlins, Coffman & Walters, 1969). What were they called?

Select one of the following:

  • Princeton Trilogy Studies

  • Penn State Trilogy Studies

  • Connecticut Symposium

Explanation

Question 5 of 54

1

Was the Katz and Brady (1933) longitudinal?

Select one of the following:

  • Yes

  • No

Explanation

Question 6 of 54

1

The stereotypes used by the college undergraduates in the Katz and Brady (1933) study were:

Select one of the following:

  • Very, very broad (eg, including themselves in the stereotypes)

  • Very, very narrow (eg, African-Americans)

Explanation

Question 7 of 54

1

Madon (et al., 2001) found the stereotypes used in the Katz and Brady (1933) study were:

Select one of the following:

  • Racist

  • Outdated

  • Impossible to research into

Explanation

Question 8 of 54

1

Discursive research looks at how:

Select one of the following:

  • Our use of language contributes to constructing prejudice

  • Our use of cognition contributes to constructing prejudice

  • The use of ourselves is contributable to constructing prejudice

Explanation

Question 9 of 54

1

Do the findings from the Karlins, Coffman and Walters (1969), as well as the Madon (et al., 2001) studies show that stereotypes are fluid - that they change over time?

Select one of the following:

  • Yes

  • No

Explanation

Question 10 of 54

1

The changes in stereotypes relate to:

Select one of the following:

  • Individual cognitions

  • Ancestral stereotypes that are passed down

  • Socio-political events (eg, World War II, Vietnam war, Afghan war)

Explanation

Question 11 of 54

1

Changes in stereotypes that are influenced by socio-political events are typically about:

Select one of the following:

  • The majority group (eg, the government being oppressed by its people)

  • The minority group (discriminated against for no reason)

Explanation

Question 12 of 54

1

Do stereotypes operate on an individual level?

Select one of the following:

  • Yes, they are individual and independent cognitions

  • No, they are linked to socio-political events and circulate around society

Explanation

Question 13 of 54

1

Do we need ideological analysis according to Billig (1985, 2002) to analyse how stereotypes are motivated?

Select one of the following:

  • Yes, because without context there is little to use to find out causality

  • No, we don't need it

Explanation

Question 14 of 54

1

There are normative ideas, constructions or content that are widespread in cultures (eg, Muslims in the United States) that are used to promote particular power structures. These are:

Select one of the following:

  • Ideologies

  • Constructions

  • Representations

Explanation

Question 15 of 54

1

In 1881, the ideology of the Irish people by British was that:

Select one of the following:

  • The Irish are backwards, uncivilised and dangerous who could harm the British empire

  • The Irish are eccentric - though still a little backwards - but better than before, and we can reform relations with them again

Explanation

Question 16 of 54

1

In the present, the ideology of the Irish people by the British is that:

Select one of the following:

  • They are backwards, uncivilised and dangerous, and can harm the British empire

  • They are eccentric - although still a little backwards - and we can reform relations with them

Explanation

Question 17 of 54

1

Stereotype content research (Karlins, Coffman & Walters, 1969; Madon, et al., 2001) mentions broad features on context. But can stereotypes vary enormously between groups (eg, African Americans and Latin Americans)?

Select one of the following:

  • Yes

  • No

Explanation

Question 18 of 54

1

What has more recent stereotype content focused on?

Select one of the following:

  • Racism

  • Gender stereotypes

  • Genetics

Explanation

Question 19 of 54

1

Can the constructions of prejudice, including context, also vary depending on local interactional content (eg, stereotypes) according to Billig (1985, 2002)?

Select one of the following:

  • Yes

  • No

Explanation

Question 20 of 54

1

Would stereotype content between two neighbours talking across a fence be different if one of the neighbour's granddaughters - who is anti-racism - was present?

Select one of the following:

  • Yes

  • No

Explanation

Question 21 of 54

1

According to Billig (1985, 2002), does the construction of prejudice differ across the same person depending on the argumentative context of which they find themselves in? For example, talking to someone who shares (eg, a family member) the same views compared to someone who might not (eg, a stranger).

Select one of the following:

  • Yes

  • No

Explanation

Question 22 of 54

1

A survey respondent who holds prejudicial constructions:

Select one of the following:

  • May need to defend their views

  • May not need to defend their views because it might not be necessary

Explanation

Question 23 of 54

1

Two neighbours may agree with each other, therefore:

Select one of the following:

  • They would have to change their prejudicial constructions

  • They would not need to change their prejudicial constructions, because there is no one to challenge them

Explanation

Question 24 of 54

1

Two neighbours may (or may not) need to defend their prejudiced talk if someone (eg, an anti-racist granddaughter).

Select one of the following:

  • May need to because she is anti-racist

  • May not need to, because the granddaughter might accept it as well

Explanation

Question 25 of 54

1

According to Billig (2002), is prejudice constructed as an individual cognitve event in the head?

Select one of the following:

  • Yes

  • No

Explanation

Question 26 of 54

1

"I'm not anti them at all you know. I, if they're willing to get on and be like us; but they're just going to come here, just to be able to use our social welfares and stuff like that, then why don't they stay at home?" (Potter & Wetherell, 1987). What does this talk use?

Select one of the following:

  • A rationalisation

  • An explanation

  • A disclaimer

Explanation

Question 27 of 54

1

"I'm not a racist/sexist/homophobe, but" is ...

Select one of the following:

  • A disclaimer

  • An extinction

  • A rationalisation

Explanation

Question 28 of 54

1

Billig (1985, 2002) has conducted a wealth of research into claims that are treated as obvious and universally acceptable. What are they called?

Select one of the following:

  • Rhetorical commonplaces

  • Representational commonplaces

  • Indiscriminate commonplaces

Explanation

Question 29 of 54

1

An example of Billig's assertions of universally acceptable claims is politicians that say:

Select one of the following:

  • "National interest"

  • "National rhetoric"

  • "National divide"

Explanation

Question 30 of 54

1

Billig (1991) noted an article by National Front that said: "Dare we say it - it is they, not we, who are prejudiced?". First, it tries to:

Select one of the following:

  • Defend against accusations of prejudice

  • Support accusations of prejudice

Explanation

Question 31 of 54

1

Billig (1991) noted an article by National Front that said: "Dare we say it - it is they, not we, who are prejudiced?". Second, it tries to:

Select one of the following:

  • Accuse themselves of prejudice

  • Accuse others of prejudice

Explanation

Question 32 of 54

1

Irish gay rights activist and drag queen Fanti was threatened with legal action in 2014 for calling anti-gay marriage activists "homophobic". What is this?

Select one of the following:

  • An example of prejudiced constructions being defended by accusing others

  • An example of prejudiced constructions being supported by accusing oneself

Explanation

Question 33 of 54

1

Has the discursive approach into stereotypes used enough interactional sequential context?

Select one of the following:

  • Yes

  • No

Explanation

Question 34 of 54

1

Conversation analysis removes the interactional and sequential context in prejudice research and looks at standalone talk. According to Condor (et al., 2006), do we need sequential context?

Select one of the following:

  • Yes, because we can then avoid making misplaced suppositions about what the prejudiced talk is actually being used to do

  • No, because standalone talk is fine enough

Explanation

Question 35 of 54

1

In the Condor (et al., 2006), Mrs. A's right to carry on speaking on the topic is because:

Select one of the following:

  • No one challenges her on her prejudicial talk

  • She is still talking, so it's considered rude

Explanation

Question 36 of 54

1

How is the potential competitive or challenging talk from Mr. B welcomed by Mrs. A in the Condor (et al., 2006) study?

Select one of the following:

  • Unwelcoming, a disturbance

  • Welcomed, because it offers a debate

Explanation

Question 37 of 54

1

Is it easy or difficult to obtain authentic recorded examples of prejudice conversations in everyday talk?

Select one of the following:

  • Easy, because it's all around us

  • Hard, because there are ethical boundaries

Explanation

Question 38 of 54

1

We can only obtain:

Select one of the following:

  • Nuanced and unexpected findings regarding prejudiced talk in interaction from everyday talk

  • Research from interviews where everyday talk will have elements of prejudice

Explanation

Question 39 of 54

1

In the Condor (et al., 2006) study, is Cliff - the researcher - still part of the study? Do participants still respond to him and his actions (including silence) in the talk?

Select one of the following:

  • Yes

  • No

Explanation

Question 40 of 54

1

Do we need more data of prejudiced talk in everyday interactions?

Select one of the following:

  • Yes, so that participants talk like they would regardless of whether research is involved

  • No, because inauthentic research can be just as productive

Explanation

Question 41 of 54

1

From a cognitive social psychology perspective, does discursive research sufficiently articulate the cognitive processes and causes relate to prejudice?

Select one of the following:

  • Yes

  • No

Explanation

Question 42 of 54

1

The findings from the discursive approach inform what type of psychology about research into prejudice? For example, how prejudice talk treats itself as a potentially sanctionable activity, how prejudiced talk constructs versions of the denigrated other, and how prejudiced talk is produced collaboratively).

Select one of the following:

  • Cognitive social psychology

  • Cognitive behavioural psychology

  • Biology

Explanation

Question 43 of 54

1

According to Billig (2002), is the hatred separate from the discourse?

Select one of the following:

  • No, because you need to believe it and to utter sorts of particular things about others

  • Yes, because they are separate

Explanation

Question 44 of 54

1

According to Allport (1954), intergroup conflict under the right conditions would:

Select one of the following:

  • Heighten intergroup hostility and lead to more negative intergroup attitudes

  • Lessen intergroup hostility and lead to more positive intergroup attitudes

Explanation

Question 45 of 54

1

Pettigrew and Troop (2006) in their meta-analysis found that intergroup contact generally:

Select one of the following:

  • Reduces prejudice

  • Heightens prejudice

Explanation

Question 46 of 54

1

Does the contact theory generalise characteristics of one group member to an entire population of the said group?

Select one of the following:

  • Yes

  • No

Explanation

Question 47 of 54

1

Can the contact theory be extended broadly (eg, racial groups, ethnic groups)?

Select one of the following:

  • Yes

  • No

Explanation

Question 48 of 54

1

Brown and Hewstone (2005) found intergroup contact to be the most successful when:

Select one of the following:

  • Group memberships are explicit and well-known

  • Group memberships are salient

Explanation

Question 49 of 54

1

Brown and Hewstone (2005) found that the potential for interpersonal relationships is high when:

Select one of the following:

  • Group membership is salient

  • Group membership is overt and well-known

Explanation

Question 50 of 54

1

According to Pettigrew and Troop (2006) can prejudice be reduced through vicarious experiences (eg, through friends and family) and no contact with outgroup members occurs?

Select one of the following:

  • Yes

  • No

Explanation

Question 51 of 54

1

Crisp and Turner (2009) found that "positively toned imagined contact"

Select one of the following:

  • Deteriorated outgroup attitudes, increased stereotyping, intergroup anxiety, and was far too complex

  • Improved outgroup attitudes, reduced stereotyping, as well as intergroup anxiety by being simple and effective

Explanation

Question 52 of 54

1

Are there demand characteristics in the Crisp and Turner (2009) research?

Select one of the following:

  • Yes

  • No, because it reduces implicit attitudes as well

Explanation

Question 53 of 54

1

Is there stereotype priming in the Crisp and Turner (2009) research?

Select one of the following:

  • No

  • Yes, but a control group were primed did not show similar effects

Explanation

Question 54 of 54

1

Can Fanti the gay rights activist live with Mary in Wicklow?

Select one of the following:

  • Yes

  • No

Explanation

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