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Mind Map
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Emma Allde
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more than 1 year ago
Medicine Y1 (Theme 1 | Cells and organelles) Mind Map on Th1L06 Actin, created by Emma Allde on 16/08/2016.
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medicine y1
theme 1 | cells and organelles
Created by
Emma Allde
over 8 years ago
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6048698
mind_map
2016-08-27T00:31:40Z
Th1L06 Actin
part of the cytoskeleton along with IF and MT
network of protein filaments that extend
throughout the cell that determine:
cell shape and polarity
tissue structure
adhesion
cell movement
intracellular movement (of vesicles
and of chromosomes)
structure
microfilament
composed of actin-binding proteins
5% total protein
called F-actin
filamentous actin or microfilament
polymers of individual actin proteins
called G-actin (globular actin)
polarised double
helix
13 actin subunits for every
complete turn
7nm diameter
Growth
(1) requires ATP to be bound to the actin
monomer (G-actin)
very dyanmic
monomers can be added and removed from
both ends of the polymer
G-proteins add more rapidly to (+) end of
the filament
once incorporated, ATP is hydrolysed
to ADP
G-protein is removed more rapidly
from the (-) end of the filament
Not very stable over time
ATP eventually hydrolyses to ADP and will
depolarise and come off at the negative end
Function
provide
support
Maintains the shape of cells
absorption in the gut by forming an adhesion belt
erythrocytes
microvilli in gut
detect vibration in the cochlea
In sterocillia
cells are depolarised or hyperpolarised by deflections
caused by sound; actin filaments keep them rigid
Cell migration
modulate polymerisation dynamics and function
e.g. myosin, capping proteins, severin, etc.
required to hold synaptic vesicles close to the presynaptic membrane
essential to anchor cells to each other
essential to anchor cells to anchor extracellular matrix at cell junctions
Cell motility
e.g. migration of neutrophils (WBC) to sites of infection for phagocytosis
four events
(1) cell pushes out protrusions at the front
(leading edge) ā actin filament polymerisation
provides to force of membrane protrusion
(2) ā protrusions adhere to the
surface on which the cell is moving
through contact junctions; F-actin
connects to the focal adhesions to
provide a contractile force for the cell
(3) the rest of the cell pulls against the
anchorage points to drag itself forward
(4) actin depolymerises at the rear
Lamellipodia
cytoskeletal protein actin projection on the
leading edge of the cell
extend and withdraw
generated by rapid growth of actin
filaments at the cell membrane
the (+) end of actin
filaments are oriented
towards the periphery
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6048698
mind_map
2016-08-27T00:31:40Z
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