Emma Lloyd
Quiz by , created more than 1 year ago

To help revise for the Origins of Life section of the Biology Olympiad

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Emma Lloyd
Created by Emma Lloyd about 8 years ago
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Biology Olympiad- Origin of Life

Biology Olympiad- Origin of Life

Question 1 of 36

1

How long ago was the Earth formed from a cloud of dust particles surrounding the sun?

Select one of the following:

  • 200-300 million years ago

  • 480 billion years ago

  • 4500-5000 million years ago

Explanation

Question 2 of 36

1

How was the core of our Earth formed?

Select one of the following:

  • Heat generated by gravitational compression and radioactive decay melted the interior

  • The temperature from the sun was so hot that the rock formations on Earth simply melted inwards

  • Combustion of argon

Explanation

Question 3 of 36

1

What molten elements are the Earth's core made out of?

Select one of the following:

  • Nickel and Iron

  • Hydrogen and Oxygen

  • Magnesium and Nitrogen

Explanation

Question 4 of 36

1

The Earth's liquid mantle is made out of silicates of which two elements?

Select one of the following:

  • Silicon and Calcium

  • Magnesium and Iron

  • Carbon and Nitrogen

Explanation

Question 5 of 36

1

What is the Earth's crust made of?

Select one of the following:

  • Light silicate compounds

  • Only sedimentary rock

  • Molten lava

Explanation

Question 6 of 36

1

Which gases were present in the first atmosphere of Earth?

Select one of the following:

  • Nitrogen, oxygen, carbon, methane, nitrogen and hydrogen sulphide.

  • Hydrogen, water vapour, methane, ammonia, nitrogen and hydrogen sulphide.

  • Hydrogen, carbon, water vapour, methane and nitrogen.

Explanation

Question 7 of 36

1

Which property did the early atmosphere have?

Select one of the following:

  • Photolysis properties

  • Oxidising properties

  • Reducing properties

Explanation

Question 8 of 36

1

What was missing from the Earth's early atmosphere?

Select one of the following:

  • Oxygen

  • Nitrogen

  • Water Vapour

Explanation

Question 9 of 36

1

Where were most of the early useful molecules thought to have been created?

Select one of the following:

  • In shallow oceans

  • In the depths of igneous rock

  • In the atmosphere

Explanation

Question 10 of 36

1

Who conducted the 'Primordial Soup' experiment in 1953?

Select one of the following:

  • Stanley Müller

  • Henry Maller

  • Stanley Miller

Explanation

Question 11 of 36

1

What was the aim of the 'primordial Soup' experiment?

Select one of the following:

  • To recreate the explosions that began the Earth

  • To recreate the conditions of Earth before life evolved

  • To observe how gases combusted

Explanation

Question 12 of 36

1

In the first Primordial Soup experiment, which organic compounds were in the solution?

Select one of the following:

  • Ribose, Adenine, Hydrochloric Acid and Urea.

  • Deoxyribose, Glucose, Carbolic Acid and Iron Phosphates.

  • Glycine, Alanine, Lactic Acid and Urea.

Explanation

Question 13 of 36

1

Which molecules have been created from recent recreations of the 'Primordial Soup' experiment?

Select one of the following:

  • Ribose, deoxyribose, purines, pyrimidines and nucleotides.

  • RNA, water, hexose, phosphoric acid and nucleotides.

  • DNA, water, purines, pyrimidines and hexose.

Explanation

Question 14 of 36

1

How do you create ATP from purines?

Select one of the following:

  • Combine ribose and phosphates to adenine under UV light

  • Combine deoxyribose and phosphates to adenine with an electrical charge sent through it.

  • Combine ribose and phosphates to ammonia under UV light.

Explanation

Question 15 of 36

1

What is the name given to large aggregations of molecules?

Select one of the following:

  • Cofactor Droplets

  • Coacervate Droplets

  • Cervical Droplets

Explanation

Question 16 of 36

1

How were the droplets made by Oparin (which resembled living cells) created in the lab?

Select one of the following:

  • Dissolving glycerol and polysaccharides in water

  • Dissolving gelatin and proteins in water

  • Dissolving gelatin protein and polysaccharides in water

Explanation

Question 17 of 36

1

How did the droplets made by Oparin resemble living cells?

Select one of the following:

  • They acquired a membrane-like lipid coating

  • They developed nuclei

  • They could fully synthesis proteins

Explanation

Question 18 of 36

1

How did Oparin's stable droplets grow?

Select one of the following:

  • Mitosis

  • Absorbing chemicals from less stable droplets

  • Endocytosis

Explanation

Question 19 of 36

1

The first living cells are thought to have arisen from which kind of droplets?

Select one of the following:

  • Coacervate droplets that contained polynucleotides

  • Coacervate droplets that contained polysaccharides

  • Coacervate droplets that contained protiens

Explanation

Question 20 of 36

1

Which of the following is a reason that some of the first living cells broke down?

Select one of the following:

  • Not enough carbon dioxide to photosynthesis

  • Not enough oxygen to respire

  • Short supply of adenosine triphosphate

Explanation

Question 21 of 36

1

What is the definition of glycolysis?

Select one of the following:

  • The breakdown of glucose to provide energy for the production of ATP

  • The breakdown of glucose to provide energy for the production of proteins

  • The anabolism of glucose to provide energy

Explanation

Question 22 of 36

1

The first organisms were:

Select one of the following:

  • Heterotropic and aerobic

  • Heterotrophic and anaerobic

  • Homotrophic and aerobic

Explanation

Question 23 of 36

1

The first cells had nucleic acids organised into coding systems for protein synthesis but they did not have...

Select one of the following:

  • DNA

  • Nuclear membranes

  • Ribosomes

Explanation

Question 24 of 36

1

How did oxygen first appear in the atmosphere?

Select one of the following:

  • Respiration of the first living cells

  • Natural combustion

  • Ultra-violet radiation acting on water vapour

Explanation

Question 25 of 36

1

Why was atmospheric oxygen damaging?

Select one of the following:

  • It created hydrogen peroxide that could attack RNA and DNA

  • Oxygen over-exposure caused severe abnormalities in cells

  • There was not enough of it

Explanation

Question 26 of 36

1

Which enzyme protects against the effects of hydrogen peroxide?

Select one of the following:

  • Peroxase

  • Hydrogenase

  • Catalase

Explanation

Question 27 of 36

1

Which process produced atmospheric oxygen?

Select one of the following:

  • Photolysis

  • Respiration

  • Radical Substitution

Explanation

Question 28 of 36

1

What happened to the remaining organic chemicals of the 'Primordial Soup'?

Select one of the following:

  • They were broken down into hydrogen peroxide and reduced sediments

  • They were broken down into carbon dioxide and oxidised sediments

  • They were broken down into carbon monoxide and reduced sediments

Explanation

Question 29 of 36

1

Which processes do eukaryotes and prokaryotes have in common?

Select one of the following:

  • Glycolysis and respiration

  • Photolysis and protein synthesis

  • Glycolysis and photosynthesis

Explanation

Question 30 of 36

1

What does the Symbiotic Theory suggest?

Select one of the following:

  • All organelles work with one another, supporting the function of each other

  • All organelles used to be individual prokaryotes

  • All organelles can perform glycolysis

Explanation

Question 31 of 36

1

Which of the following are proof of the Symbiotic Theory?

Select one of the following:

  • Cells can respire

  • Mitochondria resemble aerobic bacteria

  • DNA resembles RNA

Explanation

Question 32 of 36

1

How can we estimate the age of rocks?

Select one of the following:

  • Measure their depth below the surface

  • Use TEM microscopy

  • Measure how much energy they release when combusted

Explanation

Question 33 of 36

1

In newer methods of determining the age of rocks, which element can be used?

Select one of the following:

  • Francium

  • Uranium

  • Argon

Explanation

Question 34 of 36

1

How old is the oldest found invertebrate (with hard shells or exoskeletons)?

Select one of the following:

  • 60 million years old

  • 600 million years old

  • 6000 million years old

Explanation

Question 35 of 36

1

How old are the first vertebrae fossils?

Select one of the following:

  • 5 million years old

  • 50 million years old

  • 500 million years old

Explanation

Question 36 of 36

1

How old are the oldest microfossils that resemble bacteria?

Select one of the following:

  • 1100 million years old

  • 3100 million years old

  • 5100 million years old

Explanation

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