Zaneta Chan
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Health Psychology Quiz on Health Psychology Exam 1, created by Zaneta Chan on 12/10/2016.

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Zaneta Chan
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Health Psychology Exam 1

Question 1 of 76

1

As discussed in the lecture, the term "health" is best described as __________.

Select one of the following:

  • The absence of illness

  • The absence of disease risks

  • The lack of a terminal condition

  • A positive state of mental, social, and physical well-being

Explanation

Question 2 of 76

1

In his continuum of illness & health, Aaron Antonovsky suggested that ____________.

Select one of the following:

  • Wellness & illness are interdependent concepts

  • Lifestyle has little impact on health or illness

  • Illnesses should be ignored until they become life-threatening

  • Medical treatment affects only the wellness side of the continuum

Explanation

Question 3 of 76

1

The proposition that all diseases can be explained by disturbances in physiological processes _______.

Select one of the following:

  • Is the basis of the biopsychosocial model

  • Is the basis of the biomedical model

  • Is consistent with its emphasis on psychosocial factors as causal agents of disease

  • Has never been widely accepted by the medical community

Explanation

Question 4 of 76

1

Smoking has been identified as a risk factor in each of the following health problems EXCEPT __________.

Select one of the following:

  • Stroke

  • Cancer

  • Chronic lung disease

  • Obesity

Explanation

Question 5 of 76

1

In classical conditioning, the association that is learned is between the ______ and the ______.

Select one of the following:

  • Conditioned stimulus; Conditioned response

  • Unconditioned stimulus; Unconditioned response

  • Conditioned stimulus; Unconditioned stimulus

  • Reinforcement; Punishment

  • Behavior; Consequence

Explanation

Question 6 of 76

1

An ex post facto study is a type of ______.

Select one of the following:

  • single-subject study

  • identical twin study

  • true experiment

  • quasi-experiment

Explanation

Question 7 of 76

1

According to Matarazzo, health-protective habits are known as _______, whereas health-impairing habits are known as ______.

Select one of the following:

  • Behavioral antigens; Behavioral antibodies

  • Behavioral pathogens; Behavioral immunogens

  • Behavioral antibodies; Behavioral antigens

  • Behavioral immunogen; Behavioral pathogens

Explanation

Question 8 of 76

1

Stress & BDNF (brain-derived neurotropic factor, which promotes the growth of new neurons) are related in some brain regions such that increased stress is linked to decreased BDNF. This relationship illustrates a _________.

Select one of the following:

  • positive correlation

  • negative correlation

  • neutral correlation

  • causal correlation

Explanation

Question 9 of 76

1

To study the effects of antioxidant consumption on heart disease, 200 healthy individuals, 17-21 years of age, were recruited to participate in a study that tracked their antioxidant intake and heart-disease incidence for 40 years. This study is an example of a ________.

Select one of the following:

  • true experiment

  • retrospective study

  • prospective study

  • a & b

  • a & c

Explanation

Question 10 of 76

1

That speech production and language comprehension are processed in different parts of the neocortex is evidence of _____.

Select one of the following:

  • lateralization of brain function

  • localization of brain function

  • redundancy of brain function

  • neuroplasticity of brain function

  • generalization of brain function

Explanation

Question 11 of 76

1

Phenylketonuria can be easily treated via _____.

Select one of the following:

  • surgery

  • daily medication

  • regular exercise

  • dietary restriction

  • psychotherapy

Explanation

Question 12 of 76

1

In the endocrine system, a lock-and-key relationship exists between the _____.

Select one of the following:

  • hormone & bloodstream

  • hormone & receptor on the target cell

  • endocrine gland & duct

  • neurotransmitter & ion channel

  • neurotransmitter & postsynaptic receptor

Explanation

Question 13 of 76

1

In the nervous system, a lock-and-key relationship exists between the _____.

Select one of the following:

  • hormone & bloodstream

  • hormone & receptor on the target cell

  • endocrine gland & duct

  • neurotransmitter & ion channel

  • neurotransmitter & postsynaptic receptor

Explanation

Question 14 of 76

1

During the stress response, the adrenal medulla releases _____ and the adrenal cortex releases _____.

Select one of the following:

  • cortisol; adrenaline

  • adrenaline; cortisol

  • adrenaline; noradrenaline

  • noradrenaline; adrenaline

  • opioids; cortisol

Explanation

Question 15 of 76

1

Neurons in the hypothalamus are involved in _____.

Select one of the following:

  • transfer of sensory information to the neocortex

  • memory consolidation

  • voluntary movement

  • feeding, fighting, fleeing, and mating

  • transfer of motor information from the neocortex

Explanation

Question 16 of 76

1

Allowing workers to have some control over their work hours, which tasks to work on, and the order in which they do them are examples of _____.

Select one of the following:

  • avoidance

  • intellectualization

  • stress-driven coping

  • enhancing personal control

Explanation

Question 17 of 76

1

Which of the following is NOT a part of the hindbrain?

Select one of the following:

  • cerebellum

  • basal ganglia

  • limbic system

  • medulla

  • b & c

Explanation

Question 18 of 76

1

During the action potential, the neuron is _____.

Select one of the following:

  • actively sending a message down the axon

  • undergoing ion transfer across the axonal membrane from the beginning of an axon to its end

  • not sending a message (but actively preparing to do so)

  • a & b

  • b & c

Explanation

Question 19 of 76

1

Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells are types of _____.

Select one of the following:

  • interneurons

  • sensory neurons

  • efferent cells

  • glial cells

  • afferent cells

Explanation

Question 20 of 76

1

The presence of a negative feedback loop in a body system indicates that the system of which it is part _____.

Select one of the following:

  • normally produces aversive effects for the organism

  • is associated with inhibitory neurotransmitter action

  • cannot be turned off once activated

  • has a built-in “brake” mechanism

  • produces inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials on the target cell

Explanation

Question 21 of 76

1

Compared to the effects of the nervous system, those of the endocrine system are _____.

Select one of the following:

  • more precise

  • more rapid

  • longer lasting

  • a & b

  • b & c

Explanation

Question 22 of 76

1

Which of the following is true regarding the role of emotions in health and illness?

Select one of the following:

  • People with positive emotions take better care of their health.

  • Fear prevents some people from obtaining medical care.

  • Recovery from illness can be affected by emotions.

  • All of the above

Explanation

Question 23 of 76

1

The condition called _____ produces resting motor tremors, bradykinesia (slow movement), and rigid posture that result from a deficiency of _____ released in the striatum.

Select one of the following:

  • multiple sclerosis; acetylcholine

  • multiple sclerosis; dopamine

  • Parkinson’s disease; dopamine

  • Parkinson’s disease; acetylcholine

  • epilepsy; serotonin

Explanation

Question 24 of 76

1

According to Hans Selye, during the _____ stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome, as stress continues, the body works harder and harder to adapt over time, using many of its resources and reserves in an attempt to handle demands placed upon it.

Select one of the following:

  • alarm

  • opposition

  • resistance

  • conflict

  • challenge

Explanation

Question 25 of 76

1

According to the class lecture, which of the following statements is TRUE?

Select one of the following:

  • Stressors are always negative.

  • The stress response is the product of natural selection.

  • Stress can be alleviated (lessened) with good coping skills.

  • b & c

  • a & c

Explanation

Question 26 of 76

1

During the stress response, analgesia (pain relief) is caused mainly via endogenous _____ release.

Select one of the following:

  • opioid

  • catecholamine

  • reproductive hormone

  • glucocortinoid

  • adrenaline & noradrenaline

Explanation

Question 27 of 76

1

Which statement is TRUE about psychophysiological (i.e., psychosomatic) disorders?

Select one of the following:

  • They are associated with no real organic (physical) impairment.

  • They reflect faking on the part of the sufferer.

  • They are unrelated to psychological factors.

  • They are caused or exacerbated by psychological factors.

  • a, b & c

Explanation

Question 28 of 76

1

According to Walter Cannon, people are normally in a state of internal physiological equilibrium called _____.

Select one of the following:

  • flux

  • homeostasis

  • allostatic load

  • eustress

  • resistance

Explanation

Question 29 of 76

1

The fight or flight response is controlled by the _____ nervous system, whereas rest and digest functions are controlled by the _____ nervous system.

Select one of the following:

  • somatic; autonomic

  • enteric; somatic

  • sympathetic; parasympathetic

  • parasympathetic; sympathetic

  • central; peripheral

Explanation

Question 30 of 76

1

People with positive self-esteem may experience less stress because _____.

Select one of the following:

  • demands are perceived as challenges rather than threats in these individuals

  • threatening situations cause more analgesia in these individuals

  • people with positive self-esteem engage in little to no secondary appraisal

  • self-confidence is associated with Type S personality

Explanation

Question 31 of 76

1

What is TRUE of the relationship between stress and illness?

Select one of the following:

  • Stressors directly cause illness

  • Stressors contribute to psychological, but not physical, illness

  • Stressors contribute to physical, but not psychological, illness

  • Stressors suppress the immune system, which increases the probability of illness.

Explanation

Question 32 of 76

1

Research on biological sex and health has shown that women _____.

Select one of the following:

  • tend to live longer than do men

  • have fewer health problems than do men

  • tend to get more exercise than do men

  • use medical services less frequently than do men (excluding pregnancies)

  • benefit less from social support than do men

Explanation

Question 33 of 76

1

Transmission of information between neurons is primarily _____ in nature and involves _____.

Select one of the following:

  • electrical; the movement of ions

  • chemical; the release of neurotransmitters

  • electrical; the release of neurotransmitters

  • chemical; the movement of ions

Explanation

Question 34 of 76

1

The most stressful occupations are those that involve _____.

Select one of the following:

  • high demands and low control

  • high demands and high control

  • low demands and low control

  • low demands and high control

Explanation

Question 35 of 76

1

In what way are multiple sclerosis and diabetes type I similar?

Select one of the following:

  • They are both endocrine disorders.

  • They are both peripheral nervous system disorders.

  • They are both autoimmune disorders.

  • They are both characterized by underactive immune systems.

  • They are both characterized by decreased insulin release from the pancreas.

Explanation

Question 36 of 76

1

The process of replacing stress-provoking thoughts with more constructive thoughts is called _____.

Select one of the following:

  • systematic desensitization

  • cognitive restructuring

  • intellectualization

  • rationalization

  • cognitive assimilation

Explanation

Question 37 of 76

1

The best way of expressing the relationship between social support and mortality rate is that _____.

Select one of the following:

  • they have no relationship

  • social support increases mortality rate

  • high social support is correlated with a lower mortality rate

  • social support definitively causes lower mortality rate

Explanation

Question 38 of 76

1

Problem focused coping is LEAST likely to be used under which of the following situations?

Select one of the following:

  • job loss

  • final exams

  • death in the family

  • interpersonal conflicts

  • destruction of property due to a flood

Explanation

Question 39 of 76

1

The notion that social support is beneficial to health regardless of the stress level is called the _____ hypothesis.

Select one of the following:

  • buffering

  • social network

  • direct effects

  • social support

Explanation

Question 40 of 76

1

According to the textbook, culture influences _____.

Select one of the following:

  • beliefs regarding the cause of health and illness

  • accepted practices for curing illness

  • norms or expectations on what to do when one is ill

  • a, b & c

Explanation

Question 41 of 76

1

Making comparisons to someone whose condition is worse than your own is a type of _____.

Select one of the following:

  • cognitive emotion-focused coping

  • behavioral emotion-focused coping

  • problem-focused coping

  • stress-inoculation training

Explanation

Question 42 of 76

1

Applying the health belief model, women who do regular breast self-examinations (BSEs) _____.

Select one of the following:

  • believe they are susceptible to breast cancer

  • believe developing breast cancer would have serious effects

  • believe the benefits of doing BSEs outweigh the costs of doing BSEs

  • a, b & c

Explanation

Question 43 of 76

1

As defined by psychologists, Type C personality is _____.

Select one of the following:

  • prone to chronically high anxiety levels

  • cancer prone

  • characterized by high levels of commitment

  • characterized by high levels of personal control

  • prone to neuroendocrine problems

Explanation

Question 44 of 76

1

Atherosclerosis is caused by the buildup of plaque on the _____.

Select one of the following:

  • ventricles of the brain

  • inside of neurons

  • inside of artery walls

  • ventricles of the heart

  • myelin sheath

Explanation

Question 45 of 76

1

A pessimistic world view is characterized by attributions for negative events that are _____.

Select one of the following:

  • external, stable, & specific

  • external, stable, & global

  • internal, unstable & global

  • internal, stable, & global

  • internal, stable, & specific

Explanation

Question 46 of 76

1

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a useful scientific theory?

Select one of the following:

  • It enables predictions that can be subjected to empirical testing.

  • It is unchanging in the face of new data.

  • It relates information that may have previously seemed to be unrelated.

  • It organizes accepted facts in a coherent way.

Explanation

Question 47 of 76

1

A perceived discrepancy between the demands of a situation and the resources of a person leads to _____ in that person.

Select one of the following:

  • disease

  • stress

  • self-efficacy

  • personal control

Explanation

Question 48 of 76

1

The HPA axis is activated during _____.

Select one of the following:

  • parasympathetic nervous system activation

  • energy conservation

  • stress

  • rest-and-digest processes

Explanation

Question 49 of 76

1

Which of the following are risk factors for hypertension?

Select one of the following:

  • obesity

  • excessive alcohol intake

  • family history

  • stress

  • All of the above

Explanation

Question 50 of 76

1

Richard Lazarus' cognitive appraisal model of stress is important because of its emphasis on _____.

Select one of the following:

  • the role of perception in stress

  • the role of praise in reducing stress

  • directly changing environmental stressors

  • identifying physiological effects of stress

Explanation

Question 51 of 76

1

People who have an _____ locus of control believe that their decisions and behaviors affect their outcomes, and people with such a belief generally experience _____ physical and psychological health.

Select one of the following:

  • external; better

  • external; worse

  • internal; better

  • internal; worse

Explanation

Question 52 of 76

1

According to the theory of planned behavior (action), the key determinant of people’s behavior is _____.

Select one of the following:

  • intention

  • self-efficacy

  • social norms

  • perceived behavioral control

  • emotional stability

Explanation

Question 53 of 76

1

Coping is a(n) _____.

Select one of the following:

  • general term used to describe the motivation induced by major life changes

  • set of behaviors and strategies for reducing stress

  • autonomic nervous system response that increases arousal levels

  • autonomic nervous system response that decreases arousal levels

Explanation

Question 54 of 76

1

Actions taken to help a patient manage complicated, long term health problems such as diabetes, heart disease, cancer and chronic musculoskeletal pain are generally referred to as _____.

Select one of the following:

  • primary prevention

  • secondary prevention

  • tertiary prevention

  • quaternary prevention

Explanation

Question 55 of 76

1

In operant conditioning, the association that is learned is between the _____ and the _____.

Select one of the following:

  • reinforcement; punishment

  • behavior; consequence

  • conditioned stimulus; conditioned response

  • unconditioned stimulus; unconditioned response

  • conditioned stimulus; unconditioned stimulus

Explanation

Question 56 of 76

1

Which of the following is DIRECTLY measured with a polygraph?

Select one of the following:

  • lying

  • blood pressure

  • respiration rate

  • b & c

  • a, b & c

Explanation

Question 57 of 76

1

_____ prevention refers to specific actions that are made to avoid injury or illness.

Select one of the following:

  • primary

  • secondary

  • tertiary

  • quaternary

Explanation

Question 58 of 76

1

In highly industrialized countries, females are more likely than are men to develop _____, whereas males are more likely than are females to develop _____.

Select one of the following:

  • respiratory infection; depressive disorder

  • diabetes; dysmenorrhea

  • autoimmune disorder; substance dependence disorder

  • alcoholism; autoimmune disorder

  • depressive disorder; multiple sclerosis

Explanation

Question 59 of 76

1

In research, a “double blind” design eliminates/reduces _____ effects.

Select one of the following:

  • participant expectancy

  • experimenter expectancy

  • confounding variable

  • a, b, & c

Explanation

Question 60 of 76

1

In an experiment designed to investigate the effects of mental training on cognitive function in elderly individuals with Alzheimer’s disease, the dependent variable is _____.

Select one of the following:

  • mental training

  • cognitive function

  • elderly individuals

  • Alzheimer’s disease

Explanation

Question 61 of 76

1

White matter in the nervous system indicates the presence of _____, whereas gray matter indicates the presence of _____.

Select one of the following:

  • axons; soma & dendrites

  • soma & dendrites; axons

  • cell bodies; soma

  • axon terminals; axons

  • axons; axon terminals

Explanation

Question 62 of 76

1

Oxytocin release induces _____.

Select one of the following:

  • milk ejection during lactation

  • milk production by the mammary glands

  • uterine contractions during parturition

  • a & c

  • a, b & c

Explanation

Question 63 of 76

1

Those experiencing an uncontrollable stressful event benefit more from _____ support, whereas those experiencing a controllable stressful event benefit more from _____ support.

Select one of the following:

  • tangible; emotional

  • emotional; tangible

  • tangible; instrumental

  • instrumental; tangible

Explanation

Question 64 of 76

1

Generation of the action potential occurs in the _____.

Select one of the following:

  • dendrite

  • soma

  • axon hillock

  • axon terminal (synaptic knob)

  • synapse

Explanation

Question 65 of 76

1

According to the biopsychosocial model presented in lecture, health and disease outcomes flow directly from ____.

Select one of the following:

  • psychological factors

  • biological factors

  • social factors

  • a, b & c

Explanation

Question 66 of 76

1

Brain coral gets its name from the fact that its outer covering (bark) resembles that of the _____.

Select one of the following:

  • corpus callosum

  • thalamus

  • tectum

  • spinal cord

  • neocortex

Explanation

Question 67 of 76

1

In an experiment designed to investigate the effect of synthetic myelin treatment on the symptoms of
multiple sclerosis in adolescent girls, the independent variable is _____.

Select one of the following:

  • synthetic myelin treatment

  • symptoms of multiple sclerosis

  • age

  • biological sex

Explanation

Question 68 of 76

1

Incidence of an illness refers to the _____.

Select one of the following:

  • number of new cases of an illness in a 1-year period

  • number of deaths due to the illness in a 1-year period

  • proportion of the population that has the illness in a 1-year period

  • percentage of total deaths caused by the illness in a given time frame

Explanation

Question 69 of 76

1

Health psychologists are most likely to view health _____.

Select one of the following:

  • from a biopsychosocial perspective

  • from a biomedical perspective

  • as the absence of illness

  • as a unidimensional condition

  • as a static, unchanging state

Explanation

Question 70 of 76

1

A woman who inherits a harmful BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation has an elevated risk of developing
_____.

Select one of the following:

  • breast cancer

  • ovarian cancer

  • brain cancer

  • autoimmune disorders

  • a & b

  • c & d

Explanation

Question 71 of 76

1

Parkinson's disease is most closely associated with the destruction of brain cells in the _____.

Select one of the following:

  • midbrain substantia nigra

  • forebrain substantia nigra

  • hindbrain substantia nigra

  • midbrain striatum

  • forebrain striatum

  • hindbrain striatum

Explanation

Question 72 of 76

1

Which of the following is NOT a part of the stress response?

Select one of the following:

  • increased digestion

  • increased heart rate

  • increased blood pressure

  • increased lipolysis (breakdown of fats)

Explanation

Question 73 of 76

1

A person who had experienced "mysterious" symptoms for months is finally diagnosed with a particular
physical disorder by a doctor. Learning the diagnosis is likely to endow the person immediately with
which type of personal control?

Select one of the following:

  • informational

  • decisional

  • behavioral

  • cognitive

Explanation

Question 74 of 76

1

According to Lazarus' Transactional Model, stress arises from a person's _____.

Select one of the following:

  • perception of events

  • negative life events

  • everyday hassles

  • strong emotional reactions to environmental stimuli

  • physical health

Explanation

Question 75 of 76

1

According to the Buffering Hypothesis, the protective effect of social support is most likely to occur
_____.

Select one of the following:

  • in situations that induce high levels of stress

  • in situations that induce low levels of stress

  • in situations that induce moderate levels of stress

  • independently of stress level

Explanation

Question 76 of 76

1

The Life Events or Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) assumes that _____.

Select one of the following:

  • level of change in life adjustment is the key factor in producing/measuring stress

  • only undesirable events are valid predictors of stress

  • positive life events counteract negative life events in overall experience of stress

  • daily events contribute more to stress than do major life events

Explanation

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