Applied Poultry Nutrition

What are the 2 behavioural requirements of nutrition?

Give 2 consequences of insufficient water intake

What is water supply used for, aside from preventing dehydration?

Why can high energy density in poultry feed be problematic?

What is meant by nutrient density?

How can the energy density of a feed be reduced?

What is the consequence of low levels of dietary fibre and protein?

What is the importance of water in waterfowl?

What is the technical term for dietary fibre?

What is the main energy source for poultry feed in the UK?

Are poultry able to digest non-starch polysaccharides?

What are the 2 forms of non-starch polysaccharide?

What is a disadvantage of water soluble non-starch polysaccharides?

What is a disadvantage of insoluble non-starch polysaccharides?

Which type of non-starch polysaccharide is most associated with positive effects?

Give an example of an enzyme supplement that can be added to poultry food to aid digestion of non-starch polysaccharides

What is the function of beta-glucanases and xylanases?

What is the amount of enzyme supplement mixed with feed?

Give 4 advantages of enzyme supplementation to aid digestion of non-starch polysaccharides

What is the function of the gizzard?

Why should poultry be provided with grit?

Give 4 advantages of a properly functioning gizzard

What is the effect of insoluble fibre on the relative weights of the digestive tract components?

What happens to insoluble fibre in the gizzard?

Give 4 advantages of improved gizzard weight

What is an advantage of fat as an energy source?

Give 4 sources of dietary fat

Which birds are given oils/fatty acids in their diet?

Name the 4 fat soluble vitamins

What is the function of vitamin A?

What is the function of vitamin D?

What is the commercial significance of vitamin E?

Give 2 functions of vitamin K

What component of poultry diets means they usually contain sufficient amounts of essential fatty acids?

Name 2 essential fatty acids in poultry

Give 5 possible consequences of linoleic acid deficiency

Name a source of omega 6

Name a source of omega 3

What is problematic about the ratio of omega 3: omega 6 fatty acids in laying hens?

What is an advantage of supplementing diets with omega 3 in laying hens?

What are the 2 nutrients required for feather growth?

What are the 4 nutrients required for egg production?

Give 2 pigments present in egg yolk

Give 3 nutrients required for bone health in laying hens

Give the 9 essential amino acids

Give 3 amino acids synthesised by other amino acids

What is a disadvantage of synthetic amino acids?

What are pullets?

What happens to protein requirements in pullets?

What are protein requirements in pullets?

What are protein requirements in layers?

What are protein requirements in broilers?

What are protein requirements in turkeys?

What are protein requirements in ducks?

What are protein requirements in geese?

Give a symptom of arginine deficiency in chickens

Give a symptom of lysine deficiency in turkeys

Give a symptom of protein deficiency (specifically methionine and cysteine) in laying hens

What is meant by essential amino acids?

Give 2 problems associated with amino acid excess

What is meant by ideal protein?

What is meant by 'stepped down' feeding?

What happens to protein requirement with age?

Can animal protein be fed to poultry in the UK e.g. worms?

Give 4 functions of calcium in the body

Give 3 consequences of calcium deficiency

What is a consequence of calcium excess?

Why is calcium extremely important in laying hens?

Which 2 nutrients does calcium need to be balanced with?

Which condition can calcium, phosphorous or vitamin D deficiency cause in chicks - what are the symptoms?

What causes bone deformations in the feet of broiler chicks?

What is the calcium: phosphorous ratio required for poultry?

Give 2 ways in which calcium can be supplemented in the feed

Give a disadvantage of calcium supplementation in the feed

Give 4 functions of phosphorous

Give 2 consequences of phosphorous deficiency

Which dietary component is a good source of phosphorous?

How can phosphorous uptake from the diet be improved?

What is the advantage of supplementation to improve phosphorous uptake from the diet?

Which 2 vitamins/minerals are linked with fertility?

Which vitamin is linked with embryo development?

What are chelated minerals?

Give an example of a chelated mineral

Give an advantage of chelated minerals

Give a disadvantage of chelated minerals

What does an automatic feeding system involve?

Which food form is generally used for poultry and why?

Which feed form is used in laying hens and why?

Why are broiler breeders feed restricted?

What feeding system is used for pullets?

Which 2 factors are considered important when feeding pullets?

Why is point of lay liveweight important in laying hens?

What happens to egg size as laying hens start to lay?

Give 3 problems associated with excess liveweight in laying hens

What is the peak feed intake in hens?

What happens to the feeding system for laying hens post-peak?

What feeding system is used for breeding cockerels?

What is the age of maturity in laying hens?

What is meant by persistency?

When are protein requirements highest in laying hens?

What is the requirement for the amino acid methionine?

What is the requirement for the TSAA?

What does the abbreviation TSAA stand for?

What is the requirement for the amino acid lysine?

What is the requirement for the amino acid threonine?

What is the usual lifespan of broiler birds?

Why is a high protein, easily digestible starter feed required for broiler chicks?

For how long does enzyme supply limit digestive activity in broiler chicks?

For how long does bile supply limit fat digestion in broiler chicks?

What is the constituent of a finisher feed?

How many diets are used through the lifespan of a broiler bird?

Why is wet litter problematic in broiler birds?

What are 2 potential problems caused by optimising feed intake for a maximal feed conversion ratio and growth rate?