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Memory

Question 1 of 29

1

Who invented the multi-store model?

Select one of the following:

  • Atkinson and Shiffrin

  • Milgram

  • Shea

Explanation

Question 2 of 29

1

What does the multi-store model suggest?

Select one of the following:

  • memory consists of a central executive which controls and coordinates the operation of two subsystems: the phonological loop and the visuo-spatial sketch pad.

  • Memory is made up of a series of stores

Explanation

Question 3 of 29

1

In the multi-store model, Information is detected by the sense organs and enters the...

Select one of the following:

  • sensory memory

  • short term memory

  • long-term memory

Explanation

Question 4 of 29

1

In the multi-store model, after information enters the sensory memory; if attended to this information enters the...

Select one of the following:

  • short term memory

  • long-term memory

  • Visuo-Spatial Sketchpad

  • phonological loop

Explanation

Question 5 of 29

1

In the multi-store model, if information from the STM is is rehearsed it's transferred to the...

Select one of the following:

  • sensory memory

  • long-term memory

  • articulatory control process

Explanation

Question 6 of 29

1

In the multi-store model, If rehearsal does not occur, then information is...

Select one of the following:

  • Remembered in STM

  • Forgotten

  • Remembered in LTM

Explanation

Question 7 of 29

1

In the multi-store model, what is the duration of sensory memory?

Select one of the following:

  • 1/4 to 1/2 second

  • 1/5 to 1 second

Explanation

Question 8 of 29

1

In the multi-store model what is the duration of Short Term Memory?

Select one of the following:

  • 0-10 seconds

  • 0-18 seconds

  • 5 minutes

Explanation

Question 9 of 29

1

In the multi-store model, what is the capacity of the Short Term Memory?

Select one of the following:

  • 7 +/- 2 items

  • 10+/-3 items

  • 2+/-3 items

Explanation

Question 10 of 29

1

In the multi-store model, how is information encoded in the STM?

Select one of the following:

  • mainly auditory

  • mainly semantic

Explanation

Question 11 of 29

1

In the multi-store model, what is the capacity of the LTM?

Select one of the following:

  • Unlimited

  • 100 items

  • 200 items

Explanation

Question 12 of 29

1

In the multi-store model, what is the duration of the LTM?

Select one of the following:

  • 30 minutes

  • Unlimited

  • 4 hours

  • 20 hours

Explanation

Question 13 of 29

1

In the multi-store model, how is information ended in the LTM?

Select one of the following:

  • mainly auditory

  • mainly semantic (but can be visual and auditory)

Explanation

Question 14 of 29

1

What are strengths of the multi-store model?

Select one or more of the following:

  • The model can account for primacy & recency effects.

  • Applies to real life tasks: reading (phonological loop), problem solving (central executive), navigation (visual and spatial processing)

  • The model is influential as it has generated a lot of research into memory.

  • The model makes sense of a range of tasks - verbal reasoning, comprehension, reading, problem solving and visual and spatial processing.

  • The model is supported by studies of amnesiacs: For example the HM case study.

  • Supported by dual task studies.

  • Does not over emphasize the importance of rehearsal for STM retention

Explanation

Question 15 of 29

1

What are weaknesses of the multi-store model?

Select one or more of the following:

  • The model is oversimplified, both short-term and long-term memory are more complicated that previously thought.

  • There is little direct evidence for how the central executive works and what it does. The capacity of the central executive has never been measured.

  • The model suggests rehearsal helps to transfer information into LTM but this is not essential.

  • Does not explain changes in processing ability that occur as the result of practice or time.

  • The models main emphasis was on structure and tends to neglect the process elements of memory (e.g. it only focuses on attention and rehearsal).

Explanation

Question 16 of 29

1

Who invented the working memory model?

Select one of the following:

  • Baddeley and Hitch

  • Atkinson and Shiffrin

  • Milgram

Explanation

Question 17 of 29

1

What does the working memory model say?

Select one of the following:

  • Instead of all information going into one single store, there are different systems for different types of information.

  • Memory is made up of a series of stores.

Explanation

Question 18 of 29

1

What is the Central Executive?

Select one of the following:

  • Drives the whole system and allocates data to the subsystems. It also deals with cognitive tasks such as mental arithmetic and problem solving.

  • Part of working memory that deals with spoken and written material. It can be used to remember a phone number. It consists of two parts

  • Stores and processes information in a visual or spatial form.

Explanation

Question 19 of 29

1

What is the Central Executive?

Select one of the following:

  • Drives the whole system and allocates data to the subsystems. It also deals with cognitive tasks such as mental arithmetic and problem solving.

  • Part of working memory that deals with spoken and written material. It can be used to remember a phone number. It consists of two parts

  • Stores and processes information in a visual or spatial form.

Explanation

Question 20 of 29

1

What is the Visuo-Spatial Sketchpad?

Select one of the following:

  • Stores and processes information in a visual or spatial form, used for navigation.

  • Part of working memory that deals with spoken and written material. It can be used to remember a phone number. It consists of two parts

  • Drives the whole system and allocates data to the subsystems.

Explanation

Question 21 of 29

1

What is the phonological loop?

Select one of the following:

  • Part of working memory that deals with spoken and written material. It can be used to remember a phone number.

  • Stores and processes information in a visual or spatial form.

Explanation

Question 22 of 29

1

What was the aim of Baddeley and Hitch's study (1976)?

Select one of the following:

  • To investigate if participants can use different parts of working memory at the same time.

  • To investigate if people would obey authority and shock people to a harmful shock that would kill them.

  • To investigate if participants can use two parts of their brain at the same time.

Explanation

Question 23 of 29

1

Participants were asked to perform two tasks at the same time (dual task technique) - a digit span task which required them to repeat a list of numbers, and a verbal reasoning task which required them to answer true or false to various questions (e.g. B is followed by A?). Who conducted this experiment?

Select one of the following:

  • Baddeley and Hitch

  • Atkinson and Shiffrin

  • Harry Harlow

Explanation

Question 24 of 29

1

What is the episodic buffer?

Select one of the following:

  • Acts as a 'backup' store which communicates with both long term memory and the components of working memory.

  • Linked to speech perception Holds information in speech-based form (i.e. spoken words) for 1-2 seconds.

  • Linked to speech production. Used to rehearse and store verbal information from the phonological store.

Explanation

Question 25 of 29

1

What are strengths of the working memory model?

Select one or more of the following:

  • It makes sense of a range of tasks - verbal reasoning, comprehension, reading, problem solving and visual and spatial processing.

  • The working memory applies to real life tasks: reading (phonological loop), problem solving (central executive), navigation (visual and spatial processing)

  • The HM case study.

  • The KF Case Study.

  • Does not over emphasize the importance of rehearsal for STM retention.

Explanation

Question 26 of 29

1

What are strengths of the working memory model?

Select one or more of the following:

  • It makes sense of a range of tasks - verbal reasoning, comprehension, reading, problem solving and visual and spatial processing.

  • The working memory applies to real life tasks: reading (phonological loop), problem solving (central executive), navigation (visual and spatial processing)

  • The HM case study.

  • The KF Case Study.

  • Does not over emphasize the importance of rehearsal for STM retention.

Explanation

Question 27 of 29

1

What are weaknesses of the working memory model?

Select one or more of the following:

  • There is little direct evidence for how the central executive works and what it does.

  • The capacity of the central executive has never been measured.

  • It is not a comprehensive model of memory

  • The model is oversimplified.

  • Neglects the process elements of memory.

  • Does not explain changes in processing ability that occur as the result of practice or time.

Explanation

Question 28 of 29

1

What are weaknesses of the working memory model?

Select one or more of the following:

  • There is little direct evidence for how the central executive works and what it does.

  • The capacity of the central executive has never been measured.

  • It is not a comprehensive model of memory

  • The model is oversimplified.

  • Neglects the process elements of memory.

  • Does not explain changes in processing ability that occur as the result of practice or time.

Explanation

Question 29 of 29

1

Who investigated the capacity of short term memory?

Select one of the following:

  • Baddeley and Hitch

  • Atkinson and Shiffrin

  • Miller

Explanation

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