when did the Weimar republic formally start?

the politicians who set up and ran the weimar republic also surrendered to what? what effect did this have?

Was there any other choice but to surrender? if there was, what were they? if there wasn't, why not?

when was the treaty signed, and where?

name a few reasons why the treaty was so unpopular.

what was Dolchstoss?

who were the November Criminals?

what was the impact of the treaty on the republic?