Introduction to psychology and research methods.
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Why is it generally believed that contemporary psychology has its roots, or origins, in philosophy?
Briefly describe the nature versus nurture debate.
Describe the mind-body problem.
What three key ideas proposed by Descartes changed thinking about the relationship between the mind and body?
Briefly describe the mind-brain problem.
What does the phrase 'perspective of psychology' mean?
- Who is the leader of Structuralism?
- When did structuralism become prominent?
- What was the focus of study?
- What were the methods of study?
- His theory?
- Who is the leader of Functionalism?
- When did functionalism become prominent?
- What was the focus of study?
- What was the method of study?
- What was the functionalism theory?
- Who is the leader of psychoanalysis?
- When did it become prominent?
- Focus of study?
- Method of study?
- Psychoanalysis theory?
- Who is the leader of behaviorism?
- When did behaviorism become prominent?
- Focus of study?
- Methods of study?
- The theory?
- Who is the leader of humanism?
- When did humanism become prominent?
- Focus of study?
- Methods of study?
- Theory?
Identify the perspective and the leader associated:
'Psychology should study how behaviour and mental processes allow organisms to adapt to their environments'
Identify the perspective and the leader associated:
'Psychology should emphasize each person's uniqueness as they strive to reach their full potential as a human being'
Identify the perspective and the leader associated:
'Psychology should experimentally study the elements of consciousness, how they are organised and how they are interrelated.'
Identify the perspective and the leader associated:
'Psychology should scientifically study observable behaviour that can be objectively measured and not focus on consciousness'
Identify the perspective and the leader associated:
'Psychology should study how unconscious conflicts influence behaviour and mental processes that occur at the conscious level'
Biological perspective:
- Focus of study?
- Major assumptions?
- Method of study?
- Example of theories?
Behavioral perspective:
- Focus of study?
- Major assumptions?
- Method of study?
- Example of theories?
Cognitive perspective:
- Focus of study?
- Major assumptions? (of IPA and CA)
- Method of study?
- Example of theories?
Socio-cultural perspective:
- Focus of study?
- Major assumptions?
- Method of study?
- Example of theories?
Explain why psychology is regarded as a science.
Define the term 'scientific method'
What are the two main benefits of using scientific method?
What is empirical evidence?
Why do psychologists prefer to use descriptions of behaviour and mental processes that are based on empirical evidence rather than descriptions based on commonsense?
Explain the importance of replication in science.
How many years of study does a psychologist have?
What do psychologists deal with?
Do you need a referral to see a psychologist?
Can psychologists hospitalize people?
How is a psychiatrist's study different to a psychologist?
Do you need a referral to see a psychiatrist?
What can psychiatrists do that psychologists can't?
What is 'basic psych'?
What is 'applied psych'?
What are the areas of specialization? (Types of psychology)
Why is pseudoscience unreliable?
Why is science reliable?
What are the steps in psychological research?
What are the key characteristics of a hypothesis?
What are some methods of data collection?
What does 'analyzing data' mean?
What does 'interpreting data' mean?
What is a dependent (DV) and independent (IV) variable?
What's an extraneous variable?
What's the 'Barnum Effect' (or Forer effect)?
What's a 'participant variable'?
Define 'population' and 'sample' in psychology.
What are some advantages of experimenting?
What are some limitations of experimenting?
What is 'random sampling'?
What is 'stratified sampling'?
What is it meant by 'sampling'?
What is random allocation and what is the difference between random sampling and random allocation?
What are some examples of 'qualitative' and 'quantitative' data?
What are 'morals' and 'ethics'?
What are the roles and responsibilities of the experimenter?
What are the 6 participant rights?
What is professional conduct?
What are the guidelines to using animals in research?
What are the pros of using animals in psychological research?
What are some cons to animals in psychological research?
What is observation?
What's an observational study?
What is participant and non-participant observation?
What is observer bias?
