Nikhil Bajaj
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cognitive science Quiz on HW4, created by Nikhil Bajaj on 11/29/2016.

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Nikhil Bajaj
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HW4

Question 1 of 50

1

_____ memories are to experiences as _____ memories are to facts.

Select one of the following:

  • Procedural : semantic

  • Episodic : semantic

  • Semantic : implicit

  • Implicit : episodic

Explanation

Question 2 of 50

1

Suppose you have been studying for your Japanese vocabulary test for several hours and are making many
mistakes. You switch to studying for your biology mid-term and do much better. You are experiencing;

Select one of the following:

  • biological independence.

  • the self-reference effect.

  • disinhibition.

  • retroactive inhibition

  • release from proactive interference.

Explanation

Question 3 of 50

1

These multiple choice questions are examples of a _____ test.

Select one of the following:

  • word-completion

  • recognition memory

  • personal semantic memory

  • recall memory

Explanation

Question 4 of 50

1

Your text discusses how episodic and semantic memories are interconnected. This revealed that when we
experience events;

Select one of the following:

  • semantic and episodic memories about events tend to last about the same time in LTM.

  • semantic memory of events is enhanced when it is not interfered with by associated
    episodic content.

  • episodic memory for events lasts longer than semantic memory for events.

  • the knowledge making up semantic memories is initially attained through a personal
    experience based in episodic memory.

Explanation

Question 5 of 50

1

Our brief sensory memory for sound is called _____ memory.

Select one of the following:

  • iconic

  • auditory

  • echoic

  • linguistic

Explanation

Question 6 of 50

1

Lamar is attending a company function at his new workplace. His supervisor introduces him to his new coworkers
in small groups over the course of the event, introducing each of the coworkers by first name. At the end of the
event, Lamar realizes he can only remember the names of the people in the last group of people he met. This is an
example of;

Select one of the following:

  • proactive interference.

  • the cocktail party effect.

  • phonological similarity.

  • retroactive interference.

Explanation

Question 7 of 50

1

Wickens’ “fruit, meat, and professions” experiment failed to show a release from proactive interference in the
“fruit” group because;

Select one of the following:

  • tomatoes are actually fruit.

  • the response task changed.

  • the stimulus category remained the same.

  • the stimulus category changed.

  • the response task remained the same.

Explanation

Question 8 of 50

1

Work with brain injured patients such as Clive and Henry reveals that _____ memory does not depend on
conscious awareness.

Select one of the following:

  • declarative and non-declarative

  • personal semantic and remote

  • implicit and procedural

  • semantic and episodic

Explanation

Question 9 of 50

1

Which of the following is NOT an example of implicit memory?

Select one of the following:

  • Procedural memory.

  • Classical conditioning.

  • Semantic memory.

  • Repetition priming.

Explanation

Question 10 of 50

1

Your text describes an Italian woman who after an attack of encephalitis, had difficulty remembering people or
facts she knew before. She could, however, remember her life events and daily happenings. Her memory deficit
reflects;

Select one of the following:

  • intact procedural memory, but defective episodic memory.

  • intact semantic but defective episodic memory.

  • intact episodic memory, but defective semantic memory.

  • intact episodic memory, but defective procedural memory.

Explanation

Question 11 of 50

1

The primacy effect is attributed to;

Select one of the following:

  • forgetting of early items in a list as they are replaced by later items

  • recall of info still active in STM.

  • recall of info stored in LTM.

  • a type of rehearsal that improves memory for all items in a list.

Explanation

Question 12 of 50

1

An experimental task with the instructions “Read the following word list while repeating “the” out-loud, look way,
and then write down the words from the list” would most likely be studying;

Select one of the following:

  • central executive processing.

  • echoic memory.

  • the visuospatial sketchpad.

  • articulatory suppression.

Explanation

Question 13 of 50

1

A property of control processes in the modal model of attention of memory is that they;

Select one of the following:

  • may differ from one task to another.

  • are difficult to modify.

  • do not require attention.

  • are performed without conscious
    awareness.

Explanation

Question 14 of 50

1

Info in sensory memory remains there before decaying for;

Select one of the following:

  • as long as it’s rehearsed.

  • seconds or a fraction of a second.

  • 15 - 18 seconds.

  • 1 - 3 minutes.

Explanation

Question 15 of 50

1

The statement “The Beatles broke up in the early 1970’s” is an example of what kind of memory?

Select one of the following:

  • Autobiographical

  • Semnatic

  • Episodic

  • Procedural

Explanation

Question 16 of 50

1

The predominant type of coding in LTM is;

Select one of the following:

  • concrete

  • semantic

  • phonological

  • implicit

Explanation

Question 17 of 50

1

In Sperling’s study of iconic memory, compared to the whole report task, the partial report task involves;

Select one of the following:

  • a smaller stimulus set.

  • a smaller response set.

  • a longer response delay.

  • a shorter response delay.

Explanation

Question 18 of 50

1

The propaganda effect demonstrates that we evaluate familiar statements as being true;

Select one of the following:

  • only when we disagree with them.

  • unless we are told explicitly that the statements are false.

  • only when we agree with them.

  • simply because we’ve been exposed to them before.

  • only when we are aware we’ve seen them before

Explanation

Question 19 of 50

1

Explicit memory is to _____, as implicit memory is to _____.

Select one of the following:

  • self : other

  • semantic : episodic

  • awareness : unawareness

  • primacy : recency

Explanation

Question 20 of 50

1

Given what you have learned about how the phonological loop works, which of the following lists would be the
MOST difficult for people to retain for 15 seconds?

Select one of the following:

  • MAC, CAN, CAP, MAN, MAP

  • BIP, TEK, LAN, MOD, RIY

  • SAY, BET, PIN, COW, RUG

  • PIG, DOG, CAT, RAT, HEN

Explanation

Question 21 of 50

1

When studying the serial position curve, delaying the memory test for 30 seconds;

Select one of the following:

  • increases both primacy and recency.

  • decreases the recency effect.

  • has no effect on the curve.

  • increases the primacy effect.

Explanation

Question 22 of 50

1

A person with a brain injury resulting in impaired episodic memory would most likely have the greatest difficulty;

Select one of the following:

  • remembering having aced the final in her Cognitive Psychology class.

  • recalling where to find eating utensils in the kitchen.

  • recognizing famous people.

  • remembering the meanings of words.

Explanation

Question 23 of 50

1

Imagine that you’re walking to class, starting at the Psychology department, and form a mental picture of the route
you take to the lecture hall from the department office. Your ability to perform this mental feat relies upon;

Select one of the following:

  • the visuospatial sketch pad.

  • the familiarity effect.

  • the phonological loop.

  • delayed response coding.

Explanation

Question 24 of 50

1

Working memory (WM) differs from short-term memory in that;

Select one of the following:

  • WM both holds and processes
    information.

  • STM has unlimited capacity.

  • STM consists of multiple components.

  • WM has unlimited capacity.

Explanation

Question 25 of 50

1

The dramatic case of Clive Wearing clearly illustrates that _____ is crucial for formation of explicit memories, and
that the _____ is important for the formation of implicit memories.

Select one of the following:

  • basal ganglia : frontal lobes

  • hippocampus : basal ganglia

  • basal ganglia : hippocampus

  • amygdala : frontal lobes

Explanation

Question 26 of 50

1

Your text discusses the case of Henry Molaison, who underwent brain surgery as a teenager to relieve severe
epilepsy. Henry’s case has been extremely important for psychology by demonstrating that;

Select one of the following:

  • impairment of one (STM or LTM) leads to impairment of the other.

  • STM can operate normally while LTM is impaired.

  • LTM can operate normally while STM is impaired.

  • a double dissociation exists for STM and LTM.

Explanation

Question 27 of 50

1

Chandra has frontal lobe trauma. She is being tested on a problem solving task to assess the nature of her deficits.
She is choosing a red object out of others of different color. However, when the doctor asks her to now pick out the
blue object, she continues to pick our the red object, even after the doctor tells her she’s made an incorrect choice.
Chandra is displaying evidence of;

Select one of the following:

  • perseveration.

  • visual agnosia.

  • sensory decay.

  • iconic memory.

Explanation

Question 28 of 50

1

Imagine you’re driving to a friend’s new apartment. As you drive you rehearse the address until you arrive. Once
there, you start thinking about a nice house-warming gift for your friend. To remember her new address you used
a(n) _____ process in STM.

Select one of the following:

  • control

  • sensory

  • encoding

  • automatic

Explanation

Question 29 of 50

1

Which of the following is NOT a conclusion based on the cases of Clive Wearing and Henry Molaison?

Select one of the following:

  • STM and LTM can operate independently.

  • STM and LTM are controlled by different mechanisms.

  • Implicit memory relies on the basal ganglia pathway.

  • LTM is unaffected by hippocampus damage.

  • The hippocampus is necessary for formation of new LTMs.

Explanation

Question 30 of 50

1

Peterson & Peterson found their participants could remember the three letter strings (like QEX and RDZ) with 80%
accuracy after 3 seconds, but only about 12% accuracy after 18 seconds. They concluded this performance
decrease was due to _____, but Keppel & Underwood later showed it was due to _____.

Select one of the following:

  • decay : lack of rehearsal

  • priming : interference

  • decay : interference

  • interference : decay

Explanation

Question 31 of 50

1

Carrie answers the phone with “Hello?” The response “Hi, Carrie!” comes from the other end of the line. Carrie
responds with “Hi, Dad!” Carrie processed the response “Hi, Carrie” using an;

Select one of the following:

  • echoic code in SM.

  • auditory code in LTM.

  • echoic code in WM.

  • auditory code in STM.

Explanation

Question 32 of 50

1

Murdoch’s “remembering a list” experiment described the serial position curve and found that memory is best for
_____ of a list.

Select one of the following:

  • the middle words

  • both the first and last words

  • the first words

  • the last words

Explanation

Question 33 of 50

1

Research seems to indicate that the duration of STM, when rehearsal is prevented, is;

Select one of the following:

  • indefinite.

  • 15 - 20 seconds.

  • just under a fraction of a second.

  • 1 - 3 minutes.

Explanation

Question 34 of 50

1

According to Endel Tulving, the defining property of episodic memory is that it;

Select one of the following:

  • involves both explicit and implicit memory.

  • involves mental time travel.

  • accesses knowledge about the world that doesn’t have to be linked to a specific personal
    experience.

  • always corresponds to events from our past that actually happened.

Explanation

Question 35 of 50

1

According to Baddeley & Hitch’s model of working memory, which of the following tasks would LEAST affect a
person’s driving performance on an unfamiliar winding road?

Select one of the following:

  • Imagining what an interesting painting from a museum looks like

  • Remembering a map of the area they’re driving in.

  • Mentally picture how many knobs are on their kitchen stove.

  • Thinking about the definition of an unusual word they just learned.

Explanation

Question 36 of 50

1

Lucy is helping Kendra get used to her new racing bicycle. She explains that the shifters and brake levers are
integrated, and that different actions with the levers either shift the gears, or activate the brakes. These skills that
Lucy has acquired from her own experience with cycling are an example of _____ memory

Select one of the following:

  • working

  • procedural

  • semantic

  • autobiographical

Explanation

Question 37 of 50

1

It’s easier to do two mental tasks at the same time if;

Select one of the following:

  • both are handled by the phonological loop.

  • the central executive is distracted during the dual task.

  • both are handled by the sketchpad.

  • one is handled by the sketchpad, and the other by the phonological loop.

Explanation

Question 38 of 50

1

According to subsequent research on George Miller’s proposal about the capacity of STM is 7 (plus or minus 2);

Select one of the following:

  • meaningful units.

  • words.

  • sentences.

  • letters or digits.

  • phrases.

Explanation

Question 39 of 50

1

A memory research participant is given a list of words to memorize. One week later she is tested on the list. If one
of the words was “Pear”, which of the following words, which actually didn’t occur on the memorized list, would
most likely be incorrectly recalled?

Select one of the following:

  • Bear

  • Fear

  • Pair

  • Apple

  • Rear

Explanation

Question 40 of 50

1

Sperling’s experiment using the delayed partial report task demonstrate that;

Select one of the following:

  • information in STM must be rehearsed to encode it into LTM.

  • sensory memory has a limited capacity.

  • STM and LTM are separate components of memory.

  • information in visual sensory memory decays in less than a second.

Explanation

Question 41 of 50

1

In an experiment where participants are briefly flashed (for approximately 50 ms) a sequence of letters and are then
told to write them down in the same sequence they were presented, it is most likely that the letter “P” will be
misidentified as;

Select one of the following:

  • “I”

  • “R”

  • “S”

  • “C”

  • “L”

Explanation

Question 42 of 50

1

In the classic Bill Murray move “Groundhog Day”, his character Phil Connors grows increasingly frustrated as he
experiences the same day over and over again. With each “new” day, he is able to respond to people’s actions more
and more quickly because of;

Select one of the following:

  • distributed practice.

  • mental time travel.

  • reconsolidation

  • repetition priming

Explanation

Question 43 of 50

1

The word-length effect means it is more difficult to remember;

Select one of the following:

  • a list of different length words than a list of same length words.

  • a list of long words than a list of short words.

  • a long list of words than a short list of words.

  • a list of same length words than a list of different length words.

Explanation

Question 44 of 50

1

Failures of the modal model to explain some kinds of memory behaviors, such as rehearsal, challenged the model’s
conceptualization of;

Select one of the following:

  • sensory memory.

  • explicit memory.

  • short term memory

  • long term memory.

  • implicit memory.

Explanation

Question 45 of 50

1

Remembering that a tomato is actually a fruit rather than a vegetable is an example of _____ memory.

Select one of the following:

  • iconic

  • auditory

  • semantic

  • episodic

Explanation

Question 46 of 50

1

Which of the following is the most accurate with regard to autobiographical memory?

Select one of the following:

  • Autobiographical memory can involve both episodic and semantic content.

  • When autobiographical memory is impaired, episodic content will cause a blockage of
    access to related semantic content.

  • It’s impossible to have an autobiographical memory that has only semantic or episodic
    content but not both.

  • Autobiographical memory is highly accurate from as early as 3 months of age.

Explanation

Question 47 of 50

1

The primary function of “chunking” is to;

Select one of the following:

  • visually supplement auditory info with visual encoding.

  • maximize the recency effect.

  • increase capacity of STM.

  • increase memory by grouping items based on sound.

Explanation

Question 48 of 50

1

When the beam from a flashlight is moved quickly around on a wall in a dark room, it can appear as if there’s a
trail of light on the wall, even though the beam is at a given spot for only a fraction of a second. This experience
occurs because of

Select one of the following:

  • top-down processing.

  • episodic buffer.

  • visual persistence.

  • echoic memory

Explanation

Question 49 of 50

1

Models designed to explain mental functioning are constantly refined and modified to explain new results. Which
of the following exemplifies this concept based on the results presented in your textbook?

Select one of the following:

  • Replacing the STM component of the modal model with working memory

  • Replacing the sensory memory component of the modal model with the episodic buffer.

  • Replacing the sensory memory component of the modal model with working memory.

  • Replacing the STM component of the modal model with iconic memory.

Explanation

Question 50 of 50

1

Jill’s friends tell her they think she has a very good memory, so one day she decides to test herself on it. At work
each day her supervisor gives her a to-do list, but instead of checking them off the list, she decides to memorize the
list. On Monday she is able to memorize 90% of the tasks. On Tuesday her recall drops to 80%. By Friday it has
dropped to 30%. This drop in her memory performance is most likely due to;

Select one of the following:

  • failure of echoic memory.

  • proactive interference.

  • anterograde amnesia.

  • failing to “chunk” the items on the list.

Explanation