Health: hard to define:

state of complete physical, social + metal well-being, not merely absent of disease
the enjoyment of the highest attainable health is fundamental right

Textbook definition:
"a connection betewen, body-mind + spirit"
healthy= more than just visible

Health Impacts:

genetics: family inheritance (cancers, diabetes)
behaviours: food, hygiene (smoking, drinking, brush teeth)
environment: diseases, pollution, access
community + society: school, teachers, (people around) = school standard for food etc.

The Canadian Health Care Concept:
A significant Canadian Health FIeld concept was presented in 1974 that included lifestyle + environment

Lalonde Framework
Health
--> Environment
--> Lifestyle
--> Healthcare Organization
--> Human Biology

Health Care 'Systems'

Canada has a government sponsored public plan available to all citizens that covers almost all elements of healthcare (NOT meds) --- US only some government sponsoring

WAIT TIMES: excessively long -- US athlete can get ASAP- b/c US based on access + money--- wait times decrease by urgenct: cardiac bypass: 65 days vs. hip surgery 210 days

Access to Care- Canada promises all citizens get care - no one uninsured no matter what -- Canada has longer wait times:

fewer MRI + CT machine per capita than in US
Patients are ranked on 'urgency'

Canada's Healthcare
all territories and provinces have interlocked insurance plans

"universal coverage" for medically necessary healthcare services basis of needs, rather than ability to pay- (medicare) publicly funded
OHIP: Ontarian
"Canada Health Act" -- fund hospital, medical or primary care, assisted living, chronic care, covers mental health, prescriptions if 65+

National Health Service - (UK + Canadian approach)
Healthcare is the diagnose, treatment + prevention of disease, illness, injury + other physical and medical implications
3. Specialists- in hospital w/ advanced facilities for medical investigation (cancer management. pediatrics)
2. Focused Scope: medical specialists, typically hospitals (cardiologists)
1. Wide-scope: first point of consultation

Population: 500 000 to 5 mil tertiary care: region
50 000 - 500 000 secondary care: district
5000 - 50 000 primary care: locally

Healthcare Money

US spends double Canada
money = better, therefore need balance but where take from: edu/roads?
Riddell thinks 10% is good on healthcare

US may be considered Superior

more doctors/equipment, rich go first
employers can cover costs
unless wealthy your family is one serious illness away from bankruptcy, unless employer support and doesnt fire you

Canada may be considered Superior

EVERYONE regrdless of wealth gets similar high quality care- access guarenteed
less spending on healthcare. longer life expectancy
doctors, not insurance companies who decide medical attention

Canadas Current Health Care Status

improved status of health for both genders HOWEVER depends on definition of 'good health'
CVD leading causes of deah
major concern: obesity and diabetes related deaths

MAIN CHALLENGES:

aging population
prevalence of avoidable diseases caused by poor health habits
financing long term care/ expensive tech and drugs
shortage/unbalanced geographic distribution of healthcare professionals

Models of Health Care + how to Implement Health Care Change
PRECEDE - PROCEED Models: framework that helps analysis of current health care situatoin used to help design new programs that can effectively implement a health change for a community

PRECEDE: planning: Predisposing, Reinforcing, Enabling, Constructs, Educational, Diagnosis, Evaluation
PROCEED: implementation+ evaluation: Policy, Regulatory, Organizational, Constructs in Educational Environmental Development

PLANNING PHASE: what can be achieved/changed?

PRECEDE/PROCEED model: green + colleagues 1970.
Precede: phase 1: Social Diagnosis, 2: Epidemiological, Behavioural + Environmental Diagnosis, 3: Educational + Ecological Diagnosis, 4: Admins + policy Diagnosis

PROCEED: Phase5: implementation, 6: process evaluation, 7: impact eval, 8: Outcome eval.

	Created by ally Govier almost 8 years ago

Kine 1020 (General Health and Healthcare) Note on Health Care Systems, created by ally Govier on 07/12/2016.