Rachel Smith
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Questions from Missions 5 and 6

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Rachel Smith
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Behavioural 5&6

Question 1 of 40

1

Because it can be paired with a wide variety of other reinforcers, money is a ____________________________.

Select one of the following:

  • generalised conditioned reinforcer

  •  generalised unconditioned reinforcer

  •  primary reinforcer

Explanation

Question 2 of 40

1

If you add a response cost to a token economy, you are adding a _______________________.

Select one of the following:

  • negative reinforcer

  • negative punisher

  •  positive punisher

Explanation

Question 3 of 40

1

__________________________ involves using a tone as a conditioned reinforcer in recall ranching of fish.

Select one of the following:

  • Implementing a token economy

  •  Temporal discrimination

  •  Acoustic conditioning

Explanation

Question 4 of 40

1

In a token economy, it is important to clearly explain and arrange how conditioned reinforcers will be ______________.

Select one of the following:

  • exchanged

  • changed

  • unconditioned

Explanation

Question 5 of 40

1

A person's ______________________ can account for variations in the stimuli that will serve as conditioned reinforcers or punishers for that person.

Select one of the following:

  •  personality

  •  learning history

  •  motivation

Explanation

Question 6 of 40

1

A potential mistake in setting up a token economies is to _______________________________.

Select one of the following:

  • stop the person bargaining with you

  •  thin the schedule

  •  define behaviours poorly

Explanation

Question 7 of 40

1

Protopopova and Wynne (2015) found that the behaviour of dogs in a shelter could be improved to increase their chances of adoption. Under a differential reinforcement of other behaviour schedule (DRO), reinforcers are presented ___________________________________.

Select one of the following:

  • at fixed times but only if the undesirable behaviour is not occurring

  •  contingent on desirable behaviour

  •  contingent on undesirable behaviour

Explanation

Question 8 of 40

1

TAGTEACH, which involves a clicker as a conditioned reinforcer for human behaviour, is called ____________________________.

Select one of the following:

  •  teaching with unconditioned reinforcement

  •  teaching with acoustical guidance

  • conditioned teaching

Explanation

Question 9 of 40

1

The difference between clicker training in animals and TAGTEACH is ___________________________________________.

Select one of the following:

  • there is no explicit pairing of the sound with a primary reinforcer in TAGTEACH

  • there is no backup reinforcer in TAGTEACH

  •  clicker training in animals is more effective

Explanation

Question 10 of 40

1

A conditioned reinforcer is also called a _______________________.

Select one of the following:

  • primary reinforcer

  • pairing reinforcer

  • secondary reinforcer

Explanation

Question 11 of 40

1

Which of the following is not an example of conditioned reinforcement?

Select one of the following:

  • A civilian gets reprimanded for disobeying a direct order

  • The General gets paid in monthly instalments

  • A civilian avoids being bitten by not going outside alone.

  • Dr Sharp presses the button and the next powerpoint slide appears

Explanation

Question 12 of 40

1

Timmy’s teacher sets up a token economy to teach him to participate during carpet time. She puts a sticker on his chart every time he puts his hand up to answer a question. At the end of the day she tells him how many stickers he achieved. Identify the problem with this system.

Select one of the following:

  • Timmy should only get a sticker if he answered the question correctly

  • Stickers should never be used as tokens

  • There is no backup reinforcer

  • The teacher should not tell Timmy how many stickers he earned

Explanation

Question 13 of 40

1

A token economy should always be introduced on a ________ schedule and then changed to a ________ schedule of reinforcement.

Select one of the following:

  • CRF, denser

  • CRF, thinner

  • Thin, CRF

  • Thin, denser

Explanation

Question 14 of 40

1

Which of the following is NOT a mistake when implementing a token economy?

Select one of the following:

  • Negotiating the backup reinforcer part way through

  • Maintaining a CRF schedule

  • Not exchanging the token economy for a backup reinforcer

  • Changing the backup reinforcer to something more reinforcing

Explanation

Question 15 of 40

1

Select the correct answer. Target training during animal husbandry…

Select one of the following:

  • Punishes the animal for incorrect responses

  • Is only useful for primates and exotic animals

  • Increases animal interactions with humans

  • Decreases animal interactions with humans

Explanation

Question 16 of 40

1

Which of the following explains shaping?

Select one of the following:

  • Differential reinforcement of successive approximations of the target behaviour

  • Differential reinforcement of a selected target behaviour

  • Consistent reinforcement of successive behaviours

  • Conditioned reinforcement for absence of a target behaviour

Explanation

Question 17 of 40

1

Shaping can be used with...

Select one of the following:

  • Animals

  • Humans

  • Humans but only for sport-type behaviours

  • A and B.

  • A and C

Explanation

Question 18 of 40

1

Money is an example of...

Select one of the following:

  • A tertiary reinforcer

  • A generalised conditioned reinforcer

  • Shaping

  • An unconditioned reinforcer

Explanation

Question 19 of 40

1

Which of the following use is NOT an example of conditioned reinforcement?

Select one of the following:

  • Using an acoustic marker to show a dancer when her foot is in the correct fouetté position.

  • Using a tone to attract fish to an area for aquaculture.

  • Giving a child an ice cream for getting 100% on a test at school.

  • Giving a child £2 for getting 100% on a test at school.

Explanation

Question 20 of 40

1

When should you NOT use shaping?

Select one of the following:

  • To teach a new behaviour.

  • When you can tell or show someone how to engage in the target behaviour.

  • To increase a previously-engaged in behaviour.

  • To teach verbal behaviour.

Explanation

Question 21 of 40

1

When superstitious behaviour occurs because of something in the environment, it is a Type 2 superstition. Behaviour is under superstitious ________________ control.

Select one of the following:

  •  causal

  • discriminative

  •  reinforcer

Explanation

Question 22 of 40

1

Skinner (1948) showed each pigeon in his study engaged in a dominant superstitious response when he delivered reinforcers on a ______ schedule of reinforcement.

Select one of the following:

  • FT

  • FR

  • VI

Explanation

Question 23 of 40

1

Killeen (1978) showed that superstitious behaviour may not be a result of an inability to discriminate, but of ________________.

Select one of the following:

  •  bias

  •  contingency shaping

  •  chance

Explanation

Question 24 of 40

1

Adventitious reinforcement is when a reinforcer _____________________ a behaviour but is not caused by it.

Select one of the following:

  • precedes

  • occurs simultaneously with

  •  follows

Explanation

Question 25 of 40

1

Superstitious behaviour drifts over time because small ______________ in the behaviour are reinforced and become dominant.

Select one of the following:

  • consistencies

  •  variations

  • motivations

Explanation

Question 26 of 40

1

Rule-governed behaviour arises with instruction; it is _______________.

Select one of the following:

  •  shaped

  • affected by contingencies

  • not shaped

Explanation

Question 27 of 40

1

The law of effect is a _____________________; it’s about things happening close together in time.

Select one of the following:

  • Temporal law

  •  Temperate law

  • Discriminative law

Explanation

Question 28 of 40

1

Supersitious behaviour is NOT ____________________.

Select one of the following:

  • difficult to produce

  •  persistent

  • behaviour that drifts over time

Explanation

Question 29 of 40

1

Wager and Morris (1978) found that when a clown dispensed marbles on a fixed-time schedule, children developed superstitious behaviour that was characteristic of scalloped responding under a _________________ schedule.

Select one of the following:

  •  Fixed-ratio

  •  Fixed-interval

  •  Variable-ratio

Explanation

Question 30 of 40

1

A behaviour analytic account of values is that __________________________________.

Select one of the following:

  • values don’t exist

  •  values are unconditioned

  •  we learn to call some things good and some things bad

Explanation

Question 31 of 40

1

What is the cause of superstitious behaviour?

Select one of the following:

  • Supernatural forces

  • Concurrent schedules

  • Complex schedules

  • Adventitious reinforcement

  • None of the above

Explanation

Question 32 of 40

1

Superstitious behaviour is:

Select one of the following:

  • Impossible to extinguish

  • Easy to extinguish

  • Difficult to extinguish

  • Not subject to the principles of behaviour analysis

Explanation

Question 33 of 40

1

Superstitious behaviour reinforced under VT and FT (response-independent) schedules produces responding similar to which type of schedule/s?

Select one of the following:

  • CRF

  • VI and FI

  • VR and FR

  • None of the above, superstitious behaviour has it’s own schedule of responding

Explanation

Question 34 of 40

1

Which of the following is an example of stimulus control?

Select one of the following:

  • The infected only attacks non-infected humans but not other infected

  • The infected salivates when hungry

  • The infected prefer to bite humans rather than animals because of the taste

  • The infected finds bright lights to be aversive and shields it’s eyes

Explanation

Question 35 of 40

1

Which of the following are true about rule-governed behaviour?

Select one of the following:

  • You do not need to experience the contingency to follow rule- governed behaviour

  • The rule can be written or spoken

  • The rule defines the contingency

  • A and C

  • All of the above

Explanation

Question 36 of 40

1

Culture is transmitted:

Select one of the following:

  • Through verbal behaviour alone

  • Through rule-governed behaviour, contingency-shaped behaviour and imitation

  • Only though contingency-shaped behaviour

  • Genetically

  • Through imitation of others in that culture

Explanation

Question 37 of 40

1

When good events occurs, we tend to attribute the cause to ________ and when negative events occur, we tend to attribute the cause to _______.

Select one of the following:

  • Ourselves, ourselves.

  • The environment, ourselves.

  • Ourselves, the environment.

  • The environment, the environment

Explanation

Question 38 of 40

1

Which of the following could be classified as superstitious behaviour?

Select one of the following:

  • The Commander took his weapon with her on a recon mission as she often needs to use it when encountering the infected

  • The General speaks loudly so that all civilians can hear him

  • A civilian chooses the Healers team because they like to help people

  • An infected bangs on all vending he encounters because once when he did this a human happened to walk by

Explanation

Question 39 of 40

1

In behavioural terms, holding someone responsible is:

Select one of the following:

  • Choosing whether to apply a consequence

  • Being mean

  • Blaming the individual, not the environment

  • Blaming culture for an individual’s actions

Explanation

Question 40 of 40

1

Type 2 superstitions describe superstitious discriminative control. This means:

Select one of the following:

  • attributing behaviour to culture

  • attributing a behaviour to the presence of a stimulus

  • attributing an environmental event to the presence of a stimulus

  • attributing an environmental event to the presence of a behaviour

Explanation

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