SCR16-18 | Quiz

Question 1 of 41

1

What is the minimum number of people required to constitute organized crime, according to the Criminal Code definition?

Select one of the following:

Two or more Canada residents.
Three or more Canadian residents.
Three or more persons in or outside Canada.
Two or more persons.

Explanation

Question 2 of 41

1

Table 16.1 identifies numerous characteristics of organized crime, all of which are collectively grouped into four categories. Which of the following is not one of these categories?

Select one of the following:

Institutional.
Rational.
Commercial.
Structural/organizational.

Explanation

Question 3 of 41

1

In his seminal study of criminal groups in New York City, Ianni (1974) identified two basic forms of relationships among individuals involved in organized crime. Which of the following terms does he apply to criminal conspiracies that are held together by business relationships among members?

Select one of the following:

Entrepreneurial.
Syndicated.
Hierarchical.
Associational.

Explanation

Question 4 of 41

1

Which of the following distinguishes organized crime from terrorism?

Select one of the following:

The existence of an organizational structure.
The use of violence.
International operations.
The pursuit of financial or material benefits as its main motivation.

Explanation

Question 5 of 41

1

Which of these criminal activities can be considered both a predatory and a consensual crime?

Select one of the following:

The counterfeiting and sale of digital entertainment products.
Stock market manipulation.
Fraud.
Kidnapping for ransom.

Explanation

Question 6 of 41

1

Which of the following is not generally considered a consensual organized criminal activity?

Select one of the following:

Extortion.
Prostitution.
Drug trafficking.
Gambling.

Explanation

Question 7 of 41

1

Which of the following is not one of the dominant organized crime genres in Canada identified in the textbook?

Select one of the following:

Nigerian.
Aboriginal.
Russian.
Italian.

Explanation

Question 8 of 41

1

The term La Cosa Nostra refers to which of the following?

Select one of the following:

The Sicilian Mafia in Italy.
Turkish–American organized crime.
Italian–American organized crime.
The Columbian Mafia in the US.

Explanation

Question 9 of 41

1

The term “vory v zakone” is a part of what organized crime genre?

Select one of the following:

Russian organized crime.
Vietnamese organized crime.
Outlaw motorcycle gangs.
Italian organized crime.

Explanation

Question 10 of 41

1

What country has the highest number of Hells Angels members per capita, according to the textbook?

Select one of the following:

Mexico.
United States.
Canada.
England.

Explanation

Question 11 of 41

1

What is the dominant illegal activity carried out by Aboriginal organized crime in central Canada?

Select one of the following:

Smuggling.
Prostitution.
Gambling.
Fraud.

Explanation

Question 12 of 41

1

What theory concerning the origin and structure of organized crime in North America was forcefully promoted by the US Senate Committee headed by Senator Kefauver?

Select one of the following:

Patron–client theory.
Alien conspiracy theory.
Group conflict theory.
Ethnic succession theory.

Explanation

Question 13 of 41

1

Jewish gangsters were overrepresented among drug traffickers in Quebec during the 1920s. At the same time, it is largely acknowledged that anti–Semitism was widespread in that province. Based on these facts, which of the following theories best explains the rise of the Jewish gangster in Quebec?

Select one of the following:

Alien conspiracy theory.
Routine activities theory.
Ethnic succession theory.
Interactionist theory.

Explanation

Question 14 of 41

1

What is the term used by the textbook to describe how organized crime arises from the criminalization of a good or vice by the state?

Select one of the following:

Ethnic succession theory.
Neo–classical theory.
Strain theory.
Public policy impetus.

Explanation

Question 15 of 41

1

Which of the following is not one of the models proposed to describe the structure of an organized crime group?

Select one of the following:

The syndicate model.
The interactionist model.
The kinship model.
The bureaucratic/hierarchical model.

Explanation

Question 16 of 41

1

Which of the following models describes organized crime as involving a fluid and loosely knit network of like– minded criminal entrepreneurs, none of whom has any long–term authority over the others?

Select one of the following:

Kinship model.
Network model.
Bureaucratic/hierarchical model.
Patron–client model.

Explanation

Question 17 of 41

1

Which of the following best describes the costs of white–collar crime to society, compared to street crime?

Select one of the following:

It is a little more costly in dollar terms.
It is less costly in dollar terms.
It is much more costly in dollar terms.
It is about the same in terms of societal costs.

Explanation

Question 18 of 41

1

What is the distinction drawn between occupational crime and organizational crime?

Select one of the following:

Occupational crime is committed by the higher class, organizational crime by the lower class.
Occupational crime is committed to advance the goals of a business or corporation; people in positions of trust commit organizational crime.
Occupational crime is committed by the lower class, organizational crime by the higher class.
People commit occupational crime for personal gain, while organizational crime is committed to advance the goals of a business or corporation.

Explanation

Question 19 of 41

1

The chief accountant of a law firm writes cheques to herself, withdrawing funds from clients’ accounts. What is this an example of?

Select one of the following:

Occupational crime.
Corporate crime.
Executive disengagement.
Organizational crime.

Explanation

Question 20 of 41

1

What are crimes committed on behalf of corporations called?

Select one of the following:

Occupational crimes.
Professional crimes.
White–collar crimes.
Organizational crimes.

Explanation

Question 21 of 41

1

Why is white–collar crime related to class position?

Select one of the following:

Unlike street crimes, white–collar crime is committed exclusively by those in the middle class.
White–collar positions carry a level of power that provides employees with freedom from control, which may be criminogenic.
The lower someone ranks in their graduating class from business school, the higher the chance they will commit a white–collar crime.
Individuals who lack business school education do not have the knowledge it takes to commit most white–collar crimes.

Explanation

Question 22 of 41

1

What does the legal concept of a “juristic person” refer to?

Select one of the following:

The concept of intention or mens rea.
The legal principle that businesses are to be treated as individuals.
Equality before the law.
Judges and other members of the court.

Explanation

Question 23 of 41

1

Which of the following terms refers to the custom by which lower–level employees assume that executives are best left uninformed of certain decisions and actions of employees?

Select one of the following:

Executive disengagement.
Insider trading.
Management liability.
Juristic person.

Explanation

Question 24 of 41

1

What term does the textbook use when referring to a legitimate economic market that is structured in such a way that it tends to produce criminal behaviour?

Select one of the following:

Corporate anomie.
Juristic disengagement.
Underground economy.
Criminogenic market structure.

Explanation

Question 25 of 41

1

Earl Jones and Bernie Madoff where both responsible for orchestrating series investment frauds. According to the textbook both individuals were involved in:

Select one of the following:

Accounting fraud.
Insider auditor fraud.
Bookkeeping fraud.
Ponzi fraud.

Explanation

Question 26 of 41

1

According to a survey of judges by Mann et al. (1980), why do corporate offenders receive relatively light sentences?

Select one of the following:

They have very good lawyers.
Judges and corporate executives come from the same upper–class background.
They have done little harm.
Judges believe they have suffered sufficiently through apprehension, public indictment, and conviction.

Explanation

Question 27 of 41

1

Which of the following is not an example of an Occupational Crime?

Select one of the following:

A doctor who overbills an insurance provider
A company that knowingly misreports quarterly profits.
A pharmacist who sells counterfeit medicine
A cashier who discounts items for his/her friends

Explanation

Question 28 of 41

1

Which of the following terms is used to refer to criminal and unethical behaviour by professional practitioners, such as doctors?

Select one of the following:

Ponzi schemes.
Occupational criminal practising.
Price–fixing.
Unprofessional conduct and malpractice.

Explanation

Question 29 of 41

1

All of the following are common forms of investment and securities fraud, except one. Which is the exception?

Select one of the following:

Pump and dump.
Ponzi scheme.
Extortion.
Insider trading.

Explanation

Question 30 of 41

1

People who work in the justice system sometimes break the rules or exhibit incompetence. A good example of this incompetency is the case of David Milgaard. According to the textbook, the Milgaard case is an example of:

Select one of the following:

Racial Profiling
White Collar Crime
Wrongful Convictions
Political Corruption

Explanation

Question 31 of 41

1

After visiting over 150 Canadian Auto Repair shops Robert Sikorsky (1990) concluded that a significant portion of these businesses overcharged and provided unnecessary repairs. According to the textbook, this is an example of:

Select one of the following:

Political Corruption
Criminogenic disregard.
White–Collar Crime
Blue–Collar Crime

Explanation

Question 32 of 41

1

Which of the following can best be described as phishing?

Select one of the following:

Using an Internet connection to access social media, chat rooms, or other places of electronic assembly to make contact with a child or person under 16 to meet for sexual purposes.
The attempt to remotely circumvent the security or privacy measures of an Internet website in order to either steal information or carry out other malicious actions against the owner of the website.
When a fraudster sends an e–mail purportedly from a bank requesting information on the recipient’s bank account with the intention of stealing money from that account.
The use of specially designed software to download original material from a protected media source (e.g., online movie) to a hard disk, for the purposes of illegal resale or redistribution.

Explanation

Question 33 of 41

1

Which of the following terms refer to the use of specially designed software to download original material from a protected media source (e.g., online movie) to a hard disk, for the purposes of resale or redistribution?

Select one of the following:

Ripping.
Skimming.
Spamming.
Phishing.

Explanation

Question 34 of 41

1

Which of the following terms refer to attempts to remotely circumvent the security or privacy measures of an Internet website in order to either steal information or to carry out other malicious actions against the owner of the website?

Select one of the following:

Spamming.
Phishing.
Skimming.
Hacking.

Explanation

Question 35 of 41

1

Which of the following can best be described as skimming?

Select one of the following:

Sending an e–mail purportedly from a bank requesting information on the recipient’s bank account with the intention of stealing money from that account.
Attempting to remotely circumvent the security or privacy measures of an Internet website in order to either steal information or to carry out other malicious actions against the owner of the website.
Sending unsolicited and unwanted bulk e–mail messages to other users.
Using software and hardware to steal data (usually related to credit cards) by intercepting e–transmissions, which will enable the cloning or counterfeiting of specific financial instruments (credit cards, bank cards, etc.) for the purposes of theft and fraud.

Explanation

Question 36 of 41

1

Which of the following best represents the term cybercrime?

Select one of the following:

Crimes that differentiate online institutional targets from human ones.
Crimes committed by cyborgs.
Online crimes that are largely analogous to offline crimes of violence and sexual offending.
Any criminal, deviant, or terrorist act that takes place over the Internet.

Explanation

Question 37 of 41

1

Which of the following terms refers to the use a computer to orchestrate large–scale “attacks on information,” including government or critical infrastructure servers or any database of interest to national security?

Select one of the following:

Cyberterrorism.
Cybertrafficking.
Cyberdeviance.
Cybercrime.

Explanation

Question 38 of 41

1

Computer–based criminal offences committed against financial institutions or government agencies tend to fall under blanket terms such as cyberespionage or cyberterrorism. Which of the following is not common to each of these?

Select one of the following:

Hacking is often central to these cyberattacks.
They both attack human targets.
They both require the use of technology, such as a computer and Internet access.
They both attack institutional targets, not human targets.

Explanation

Question 39 of 41

1

What is it called when a number of disparate users within a virtual space follow the lead of a cyberbully and publicly gang up on a single victim by sending harassing and humiliating communications?

Select one of the following:

Cyberbullying.
Cybermassacre.
Flashmobbing.
Cybermobbing.

Explanation

Question 40 of 41

1

Secretly watching others (offline) without their consent to foster a sense of arousal (also called voyeurism) is analogous to what in the digital (online) world?

Select one of the following:

The use of a smartphone for the purposes of sexting.
The use of a smartphone to make obscene phone calls.
The use of a smartphone to secretly record or photograph people.
Trolling the Internet to download digital pictures of people.

Explanation

Question 41 of 41

1

The subcultural networks of people who seek to circumvent the customary user experiences of websites are best described as:

Select one of the following:

Deviant cybercommunties
Internet pirates
Cyberbullies
Scatologia

	Created by Ab Cek over 7 years ago