Respiration Physiology PMU 2nd Year

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Inspiration occurs as a result of:

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In order for the lungs to function normally, the intrapleural pressure must:

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Most of the CO2 that is transported in blood is:

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In which vesicular bed does hypoxia cause vasoconstriction?

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Which sf the following is the site of the highest airway resistance?

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Compared with the systemic circulation, the pulmonary circulation has a:

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Hypoventilation will cause

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Which of the following events is caused by an increased pCO2 in tissues?

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Vital Capacity includes:

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Which muscles contract for quiet breathing?

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Which of the following events are sympathetic effects?

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Which of the following is the respiratory function of the lungs?

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Which factors affect the gas diffusion through the respiratory membrane?

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Gas exchange in the respiratory system of humans takes place in the:

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As regards the distribution of ventilation (V) and perfusion (Q), the VQ ratio:

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Surfactant:

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Carbon dioxide transport is:

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Obligatory respiratory muscles are:

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The bronchial muscles relax under the influence of:

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For the surfactant it is true that:

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For the alveolar capillary membrane it is true that:

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Dilation of bronchi can be achieved by:

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Normal breathing at rest is called:

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During expiration:

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The sympathetic division of ANS affects the bronchial muscles activating:

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Tidal Volume (TV) is:

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The intrapleural pressure is:

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The anatomical dead space

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The Residual Volume (RV) is:

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Which of the following factors shifts the dissociation curve of HbO2 to the right:

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It is not true that Vital Capacity (VC):

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There are smooth muscles in the respiratory system:

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It is true that the air in the alveoli:

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The elastic fibers in the lungs are situated:

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The peripheral chemoreceptors are situated:

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Which of the following compounds doesn't take part in the transport of CO2 under physiological conditions:

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Which of the following factors increases the rate of breathing:

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The ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) ratio of 0.8 refers to:

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Which of the following does not happen during inspiration?

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Total Lung Capacity (TLC) of men would normally be about:

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Oxygen enters a cell via?

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Most of the carbon dioxide produced by tissues is transported to the lungs as:

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The need to breathe is caused by:

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Where does gas exchange take place?

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What is the most common portal of entry for diseases, into the body?

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Hemoglobin gives up oxygen when the environment is more:

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Acidosis is when you blood pH is below?

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As blood passes through systemic capillaries:

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The carotid bodies:

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Pulmonary surfactant increases:

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As people age, there is usually a decrease in their:

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During inspiration:

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Carbon dioxide:

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In normal lungs:

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Bronchial smooth muscle contractss in response to:

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In early inspiration there is a fall in:

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At a high altitude where atmospheric pressure is halved, there is an increase in:

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During inspiration:

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The residual volume is:

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A rise in arterial pCO2 leads to:

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Ventilation increased during:

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Pulmonary:

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Carbon dioxide is carried in the blood in:

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A shift of the oxygen dissociation curve of blood to the right:

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The compliance of the lungs and chest wall is:

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Respiratory dead space:

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Vital capacity is:

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Oxygen debt is:

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The CO2 dissociation curve for whole blood shows that:

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Bronchial asthma is likely to be relieved by:

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Air in the pleural cavity (pneumothorax):

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Loss of pulmonary elastic tissue in ‘emphysema’ reduces:

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Complete obstruction of a major bronchus usually results in:

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A shift of the oxygen dissociation curve of blood to the left:

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A diver breathing air at a depth of 30 metres under water:

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Cyanosis:

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A patient with carbon dioxide retention is likely to have:

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Coughing:

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The severity of an obstructive airways disease is indicated by the degree of change in the:

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A 50% fall in the ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) ratio in one lung would:

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The total amount of O2 carried by the circulation to the tissues/min. (oxygen delivery or total available oxygen):

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For air to enter the lungs during inspiration

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Given: CO2 + H2O <--> H2CO3 <--> HCO3- + H+, what happens if bicarbonate ions are increased?

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The values (mm Hg) for pCO2 and pO2 in the interstitial spaces of peripheral tissues are approximately:

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If forcefully exhaling as much air as possible after a normal breath this is:

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Which of the following reactions takes place in the systemic capillaries (where CO2 is greater and O2 is less)?

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Water molecules on the surface of the alveoli generate surface tension; this force;

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What does the ventral respiratory group within the medulla oblongata do?

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The region in the brain that sets the limit for over-inflation of lungs is located in the:

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In Caissons disease pain in the joints and muscles is due to:

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Normal value of FEV in an adult is:

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The most important gas maintaining alveolar ventilation is:

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Hyperbaric oxygen is useful in all except:

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As one ascends to higher than 3000 meters above sea level changes in alveolar pO2 and pCO2 are as follows:

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Surfactant is secreted by:

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Which of the following effects is not observed during prolonged stay is space:

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Airway resistance:

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Decreases on pCO2, decrease in H+ and increased pO2 causes:

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The intrapleural pressure at the end of deep inspiration is:

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Exercise which doubles the metabolic rate is likely to at least double the:

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Sudden complete obstruction of the respiratory tract causes:

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The effects of moving from sea level to an altitude of 5000 metres include an increase in: