What is event sampling?
A predetermined list of specific behaviours that are ticked when observed.
Observation of participants at certain events.
Sampling participants from events.
A snapshot study is a study conducted over a short period of time.
What are the advantages of a likert scale?
Quantify responses and compare results easily.
Participants can quickly complete the questionnaire.
It's uses qualitative data that provides rich insight in to the participants thoughts, attitudes and feelings.
Time sampling involves observations for set lengths of time at set intervals.
Participant observation is when the participants observe each other and record what they observe.
What are the disadvantages of participant observation?
Observer bias and ethical issues.
Demand characteristics and ethical issues.
Social desirability and ethical issues.
What is inter rater reliability?
The extent to which different observers are able to observe and code behaviour in the same way.
The extent to which different observers get the same results, if they are the same then they have high inter rater reliability.
The advantages of participant observation are high ecological validity and detailed insight.
How can you create high inter rater reliability?
By having more then one observer, train them to use a coding system and compare their results.
Use lots of observers, if they are psychology students they won't need training.
Observation is a research method that involves collecting data by watching people, there is no independent variable.
What is a likert scale?
A type of rating scale that gives responses on a continuum.
A type of rating scale in which participants rate how much they like something.
A type of scale where participants rate the questions on the questionnaire.
What type of observation is it when participants are observed in an environment created by the researcher?
Structured Observation
Event Sampling
Time Sampling
The disadvantages of structured observation are that it has high control and experimenter bias.
What are the disadvantages of time sampling?
Time consuming and lower reliability as consistency may be harder during different time intervals.
Might miss other important behaviour in between intervals.
An advantage of closed questions is that it is easy it analyse, compare and present data.
What is a questionnaire?
A form of interview in which the researcher asks questions
A form written self report.
What are closed questions?
Participants select a response from a choice of predetermined options.
There are only two responses to choose from.
What is an advantage of time sampling?
Reduces amount of time observing and may increase validity.
Low control and high validity
An advantage of event sampling is that it limits the behaviours observed, reducing the chance of the behaviour being missed.
An advantage of structured observation is that it has high control and is ethical.
A longitudinal study is a study conducted over a long period of time.
What are the disadvantages of using a likert scale?
Lack of detail and central tendency bias.
Too much detail, hard to compare and analyse data
An advantage of observation is that it had high control.
An advantage of observation is that they have high ecological validity
What is a disadvantage of open questions?
Able to answer to generally so can often give to much detail.
Difficult to analyse and compare data
Participants can answer the question wrong (not the typical response wanted)
What are the advantages of open questions?
Allows explanation.
Collects detailed qualitative data.
Allows for results to easily be compared.
Self report is a research method in which participants report their personal beliefs and opinions.
What is an open question?
Participants can respond in any way they like and are not restricted.
Participants can expand on their choice of answer from a predetermined list.
Participants can only say certain responses but can explain why.
