Alexandra Bozan
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Study Guide: Nerve Signaling

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Alexandra Bozan
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Study Guide: Nerve Signaling

Study Guide: Nerve Signaling

Question 1 of 55

1

Compared with the inside of the cell, the outside of most cell membranes is

Select one of the following:

  • positive

  • negative

  • equal

  • none of the above

Explanation

Question 2 of 55

1

The difference in electrical charge across a plasma membrane is called

Select one of the following:

  • a. depolarization

  • b. membrane potential

  • c. both a and b

  • d. none of the above

Explanation

Question 3 of 55

1

A neuron's resting membrane potential is

Select one of the following:

  • 70 mV

  • -70 mV

  • 30 mV

  • -30 mV

Explanation

Question 4 of 55

1

Which of the following statements is true concerning the sodium-potassium pump?

Select one of the following:

  • Three sodium ions are pumped out of the neuron for every two potassium ions pumped into the neuron.

  • Two sodium ions are pumped out of the neuron for every three potassium ions pumped into the neuron.

  • Three sodium ions are pumped out of the neuron for every three chloride ions pumped into the neuron.

  • Three sodium ions are pumped out of the neuron for every three potassium ions pumped into the neuron.

Explanation

Question 5 of 55

1

A membrane that exhibits a membrane potential is said to be polarized.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 6 of 55

1

A slight shift away from the resting membrane potential in a specific region of the plasma membrane is often called a stimulus-gated channel.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 7 of 55

1

Chlorine ions are the dominant extracellular cations

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 8 of 55

1

During a relative refractory period

Select one of the following:

  • an action potential is impossible

  • an action potential is possible only in response to a very strong stimuli

  • an action potential is occurring

  • none of the above

Explanation

Question 9 of 55

1

Voltage-gated channels are

Select one of the following:

  • membrane channels that close during voltage fluctuations

  • ion channels that open in response to voltage fluctuations

  • membrane channels that are altered from an extremely high stimulus

  • none of the above

Explanation

Question 10 of 55

1

The larger the diameter of a nerve fiber

Select one of the following:

  • the slower the speed of conduction

  • the faster the speed of conduction

  • Fiber diameter does not influence speed of conduction

  • the more the speed fluctuates

Explanation

Question 11 of 55

1

Action potential and nerve impulse are synonymous

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 12 of 55

1

When repolarization has occurred, an impulse can't be conducted

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 13 of 55

1

The action potential is an all-or-none response

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 14 of 55

1

Many anesthetics function by inhibiting the opening of sodium channels and thus blocking the initiation and conduction of nerve impulses

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 15 of 55

1

Which of the following structures is not a main component of a chemical synapse?

Select one of the following:

  • synaptic knob

  • synaptic cleft

  • synaptic proces

  • plasma membrane of postsynaptic neuron

Explanation

Question 16 of 55

1

A synaptic knob is located on the

Select one of the following:

  • synaptic cleft

  • axon

  • dendrite

  • cell body

Explanation

Question 17 of 55

1

Which of the following is true of spatial summation?

Select one of the following:

  • Nuerotransmitters released simultaneously from several presynaptic knobs converge on one postsynaptic neuron.

  • Simultaneous stimulation of more than one postsynaptic neuron occurs.

  • Impulses are fired in a rapid succession by the same neuron.

  • Speed of impulse transmission is increased when several neurotransmitters are released

Explanation

Question 18 of 55

1

In an adult, the nervous system is replete with both electrical synapses and chemical synapses.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 19 of 55

1

Rapid-succession stimulation of a postsynaptic neuron by a synaptic knob can have a cumulative effect over time that can result in an action potential.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 20 of 55

1

Ca++ ions cause the release of neurotransmitters across the synaptic cleft.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 21 of 55

1

Neurotransmitters are released in a synapse and bind to

Select one of the following:

  • presynaptic terminals

  • the synaptic cleft

  • the base of the axon

  • the receptors on the postsynaptic terminal

Explanation

Question 22 of 55

1

The main chemical classes of neurotransmitters include all of the following except

Select one of the following:

  • acetylcholine

  • norepinephrine

  • amino acids

  • amine

Explanation

Question 23 of 55

1

Which of the following is not an example of an amine neurotransmitter?

Select one of the following:

  • serotonin

  • histamine

  • glycine

  • dopamine

Explanation

Question 24 of 55

1

Severe depression can be caused by a deficit in which of the following neurotransmitters?

Select one of the following:

  • acetylcholine

  • amino acids

  • amines

  • neuropeptides

Explanation

Question 25 of 55

1

Which of the following is not a catecholamine?

Select one of the following:

  • epinephrine

  • norepinephrine

  • dopamine

  • serotonin

Explanation

Question 26 of 55

1

Many biologists now believe that neuropeptides are the most common neurotransmitters in the CNS.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 27 of 55

1

Cocaine produces a temporary feeling of well-being by blocking the uptake of dopamine.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 28 of 55

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Neuroscience has advanced to a point at which the neuron doctrine has been expanded to include concepts of the .

Explanation

Question 29 of 55

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

The concentration of neurotransmitters at synapses in certain neural pathways can affect .

Explanation

Question 30 of 55

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

are nerve growth factors that are released by various cells of the body.

Explanation

Question 31 of 55

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

When more than one presynaptic axon synapses with a single postsynaptic neuron, occurs.

Explanation

Question 32 of 55

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

When a single presynaptic axon synapses with many different postsynaptic neurons, occurs.

Explanation

Question 33 of 55

1

Multiple sclerosis is a myelin disorder.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 34 of 55

1

Physical injury, causing nerve damage, can cause local or widespread loss of sensation and/or motor control.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 35 of 55

1

Nerve conduction does not occur due to fluctuations in the concentration of ions.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 36 of 55

1

Myasthenia gravis is a bacterial disorder.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 37 of 55

1

Parkinson disease is a failure to release adequate dopamine at the synapse of certain motor pathways.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 38 of 55

1

Select from the dropdown list to complete the text.

A synaptic knob is a tiny bulge at the end of the ( presynaptic, postsynaptic ) neuron's axon.

Explanation

Question 39 of 55

1

Select from the dropdown list to complete the text.

Acetylcholine is an example of a ( neurotransmitter, protein molecule receptor ).

Explanation

Question 40 of 55

1

Select from the dropdown list to complete the text.

Neurotransmitters are chemicals that allow neurons to ( communicate, reproduce ) with one another.

Explanation

Question 41 of 55

1

Select from the dropdown list to complete the text.

Neurotransmitters are distributed ( specifically, randomly ) into groups of neurons.

Explanation

Question 42 of 55

1

Select from the dropdown list to complete the text.

Endorphins and enkephalins are neurotransmitters that inhibit conduction of ( pain, fear ).

Explanation

Question 43 of 55

1

Select from the dropdown list to complete the text.

A synonym commonly used for action potential is ( nerve impulse, depolarization ).

Explanation

Question 44 of 55

1

Select from the dropdown list to complete the text.

In myelinated fibers, action potentials in the membrane occur only at the nodes of Ranvier. This type of impulse conduction is called ( saltatory conduction, postsynaptic conduction ).

Explanation

Question 45 of 55

1

Select from the dropdown list to complete the text.

A membrane that exhitbits a membrane potential is said to be ( polarized, myelinated ).

Explanation

Question 46 of 55

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

A wave of electrical fluctuation that travels along the plasma membrane is called a .

Explanation

Question 47 of 55

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

The membrane potential maintained by a nonconducting neuron's plasma membrane is called the .

Explanation

Question 48 of 55

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

Movement of the membrane potential away from zero (thus below the usual RMP) is called .

Explanation

Question 49 of 55

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Three structures make up a chemical synapse. They are , and the

Explanation

Question 50 of 55

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

Long-term memories (months or years) require changes in the synapse, such as more vesicles or more vesicle release sites.

Explanation

Question 51 of 55

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

The unique neurotransmitter that combines acetate with choline is acetylcholine. It is deactivated by .

Explanation

Question 52 of 55

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

An example of a catecholamine is .

Explanation

Question 53 of 55

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Two major function classifications of neurotransmitters are excitatory neurotransmitters and .

Explanation

Question 54 of 55

1

The function of a neurotransmitter is determined by the postsynaptic receptor.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 55 of 55

1

Nuetotrophins stimulate neuron development but also can act as neurotransmitters or neuromodulators.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

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