Ionic compounds:

What are they?

What are they held together by?

Ionic compounds:

Do they have high or low melting and boiling points?

Do they conduct electricity?

Fill in the missing gaps:

The alkali metals have ____ electron/s in their outermost shell. They react with ___________ elements to form ______ compounds.

Fill in the missing gaps:

The halogens have ______ electron/s in their outermost shell. They react with ______ ______ to form ______ compounds.

What does a mixture consist of?

What type of substances are compounds?

Fill in the missing gaps:

Simple molecular compounds have ____ melting and boiling points, because they have _______ intermolecular forces.

What does a covalent bond occur between?

Is a covalent bond strong or weak?

Fill in the missing gaps:

All of the atoms in a giant covalent structures are linked by _______ ___________ _______. This means they have very _____ _________ _______.

What is Diamond?

(Describe the bonds as well)

What is Graphite?

(Describe the bonds as well)

What type of forces are the layers in graphite held together by?

How is it possible for graphite to conduct electricity?

Fill in the missing gaps:

Silicon dioxide has a ________ structure similar to ________. Each oxygen atom is joined to _____ silicon atoms, and each silicon atom is joined to _____ oxygen atoms.

What are fullerenes?

What happens when electrons in the highest energy level in a metal become delocalised?

What is an alloy?

What is a Smart Alloy?

What do thermo-softening polymers consist of?

What do thermo-setting polymers consist of?

Do they melt when heated?

What is nanoscience?

What is one nanometre, in metres?

Give some potential uses of nanoparticles...

What is the mass number of an element?

What is the atomic number of an element?

What are isotopes?

What is the relative atomic mass?

What is the relative formula mass of a compound?

How can you work out the percentage mass of an element in a compound?

What is the empirical formula of a compound?

What is a Mole?

What is it measured in?

How can you work out the number of moles of substance?

How does a GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry) work?

(DESCRIBE!!!)

What can the mass spectrometer give?

How is this given?

How can the percentage yield be calculated?

How are reversible reactions represented?

Give some advantages of using instrumental methods to detect and identify elements...

Give some reasons why it may not always be possible to calculate the amount of a product formed in a reaction...

What is the activation energy?

RATES OF REACTION:

How does temperature affect the rate of reaction?

RATES OF REACTION:

How does concentration affect the rate of reaction?

RATES OF REACTION:

What is the concentration of a solution measured in?

RATES OF REACTION:

How does pressure affect the rate of reaction?

RATES OF REACTION:

How does surface area affect the rate of reaction?

RATES OF REACTION:

How does the use of a catalyst affect the rate of reaction?

RATES OF REACTION:

How do you calculate the rate of reaction?

Exothermic reactions are accompanied by a temperature...

Endothermic reactions are accompanied by a temperature...

In a reversible reaction, if the forward reaction is endothermic, what can you conclude about the backward reaction?

When is an aqueous solution produced?

What is a salt?

(Chemistry reaction terms)

What is formed when metals react with dilute acid?

What are bases?

What are soluble bases called?

Are the oxides and hydroxides of transition metals soluble or insoluble?

How are the salts of transition metals produced?

How can this reaction be written generally?

What is produced when an acid is reacted with an alkaline hydroxide solution?

What is a precipitate?

What ions do acids contain?

What ions do alkalis contain?

What type of gas in ammonia?

Ammonia neutralises Nitric acid to produce...

What are indicators?

What is the pH scale?

What are ammonium salts used as?

What is electrolysis?

What is the substance being broken down known as?

In electrolysis, where do the positive and negative ions move to?

What are the positive and negative electrodes also known as?

What is a redox reaction?

What is reduction?

What is oxidation?

How can you remember what oxidation and reduction does?

What can electroplating be used to do?

How is aluminium obtained?

What does the cryolite do?

What does the electrolysis of sodium chloride produce?

(And where?)

How can reactions that occur at the electrodes be represented?

Electrolysis of Ionic Solutions:

If the negative ion is a halogen, i.e. chloride, bromide, iodide, what is produced at the positive electrode?

Electrolysis of Ionic Solutions:

If the negative ion is not a halogen, i.e. sulphate, nitrate, carbonate, what is produced at the positive electrode?

Electrolysis of Ionic Solutions:

If the positive ion is more reactive that hydrogen, what is produced at the negative electrode?

Electrolysis of Ionic Solutions:

If the positive ion is less reactive that hydrogen, what is produced at the negative electrode?

Give some examples of exothermic reactions...

Give some examples of Endothermic reactions...

What happens when substances dissolve in water...

(To do with acidity and alkalinity)

How can precipitation be used to soften water?

What damage can nitrates do if they find their way into streams, rivers, or groundwater?